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1.
通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石化学、主量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素等研究,探讨了藏南地区三叠系涅如组含放射虫硅质岩的地球化学特征及其沉积环境。研究区的硅质岩呈黑色、灰黑色或灰褐色薄层状或透镜状产出,具有较低的SiO_2含量,对研究区的硅质岩的主量元素运用了Fe-Mn-Al三角成因判别图、Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值、K_2O/Na_2O比值、Si/(Si+Al+Fe)比值、100×(Al_2O_3/SiO_2)-100×(Fe_2O_3/SiO_2)、Al_2O_3/(100-SiO_2)-Fe_2O_3/(100-SiO_2)及Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)-Fe_2O_3/TiO_2图解等,显示硅质岩为具有生物成因的非热水或弱热水的大陆边缘沉积环境;硅质岩的稀土元素ΣREE变化较大,通过对硅质岩的稀土元素北美页岩标准化和球粒陨石标准模式图对比、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)-LaN/CeN图解及特征指数Ce/Ce*和LaN/CeN分析研究,显示硅质岩为大陆边缘、大陆边缘—深海的过渡环境;对硅质岩的微量元素运用了U/Th及Ni/Co比值,显示了非热水沉积物的环境特征。综合研究分析岩石化学、主量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素等因素及生物特征,可以得出研究区的硅质岩具有生物特征的非热水的大陆边缘沉积环境。  相似文献   

2.
位于东昆仑与西秦岭衔接转换部位的青海铜峪沟是鄂拉山成矿带上一处重要的大型铜矿床,矿山增储和外围找矿问题突出,硅质岩可能是重要找矿标志之一。铜峪沟铜矿区硅质岩呈层状、似层状及条带状整合产于中—下三叠统中,由微晶-细晶石英组成,含少量绢云母、黄铜矿及磁黄铁矿等。硅质岩主微量元素特征,如Al_2O_3-Ti O_2图解、Fe-Mn-(Cu+Ni+Co)×10三角图解和P_2O_5-Y图解,以及硅氧同位素特征等方面显示出典型热水沉积地球化学特征;同时岩石Si/Al比值、U/Th比值及稀土元素特征等表明热水沉积体系遭受了少量陆源物质的影响。此外,硅质岩Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)-Fe_2O_3/Ti O_2图解、Ti/V-V/Y图解、(La/Ce)N-Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)图解及稀土元素特征等均显示其形成于大陆边缘环境。区域上,随着阿尼玛卿洋由南向北俯冲,早—中三叠世铜峪沟一带属弧后盆地环境,盆地内发生喷流沉积作用使大量成矿物质预富集形成矿胚层,此为重要成矿期,而硅质岩作为该过程的重要地质记录,同时指示区域上错扎玛和塔东等地有较好的找矿前景。  相似文献   

3.
通过对研究区二叠系硅质岩岩石学特征、主量及稀土元素地球化学研究,探讨硅质岩的地球化学特征及其沉积环境。结果表明,杭乌拉下二叠统埋汗哈达组硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.68~0.78之间,平均值为0.73,δCe值为0.89~0.94,平均值为0.90,二断井中二叠统菊石滩组Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.50~0.67之间,平均值为0.60,δCe值介于0.85~0.90之间,平均值为0.88,在Al-Fe-Mn三角图上,样品点落入生物成因硅质岩区,指示研究区硅质岩为海水生物沉积成因。杭乌拉下二叠统埋汗哈达组硅质岩Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值为0.78~0.86,平均值为0.83,Mn O/Ti O2值为0.04~0.40,平均值为0.16,(La/Ce)N值为1.02~1.15,平均值为1.10,Ceanom值为-0.041~-0.001,平均值为-0.029,二断井中二叠统菊石滩组硅质岩Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值为0.82~0.91,平均值为0.87,Mn O/Ti O2值为0.05~0.47,平均值为0.24,(La/Ce)N值为1.00~1.12,平均值为1.06,Ceanom值为-0.058~-0.033,平均值为-0.045。这些地球化学指标指示了研究区硅质岩沉积于大陆边缘缺氧的水体环境中。  相似文献   

4.
尖山混杂岩带由基性一超基性岩、基性火山岩、基性火山碎屑岩及硅质岩组成,各类岩石呈岩片(块)产出。带内硅质岩具富Al_2O_3、高Fe_2O_3和低TiO_2特征,为含较高比例陆源泥质沉积物(SiO_2含量74.71%~83.61%)。Al/(Fe+Mn+Al)=0.72~0.81、U/Th=0.14~0.34,显示生物沉积硅质岩特点。页岩标准化曲线主要为弱Ce正异常(Ce/Ce*=0.90~1.22)、无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.78~1.01)、轻、重稀土分异不明显的平坦曲线,为典型大陆边缘硅质岩。硅质岩中Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)=0.62~0.75、Al_2O_3/TiO_2=12.63~20.22(平均15.99)、MnO/TiO_2=0.08~0.57、La_(SN)/Ce_(SN)=0.79~1.17、Ti/V=47.44~68.29、Th/U=2.94~7.39、δEu_(CN)=0.53~0.69及Ce_(anom)=-0.16~-0.03,均与大陆边缘硅质岩值相当,反映其形成明显受带内大面积出露的、以基性火成岩为主的陆源物质影响,但距大陆有一定距离的陆内裂谷环境之中。据放射虫时代,硅质岩形成于中三叠世,尖山混杂岩带还处于拉张发展阶段。其形成时代、构造背景可与区域上西金乌兰蛇绿混杂岩带进行对比。  相似文献   

5.
北祁连奥陶系阴沟群硅质岩对该地区的沉积环境和构造背景具有重要的指示意义,目前多认为其形成于大陆边缘环境。北祁连西水地区奥陶系阴沟群中的硅质岩w(SiO_2)值、Si/Al值、Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值、Fe/Ti值、(Fe+Mn)/Ti值、w(∑REE)值等地球化学特征均指示硅质岩为热水沉积成因;Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值、U/Th值、Ti/V值、(La/Ce)_N值、δCe值指示其形成于大陆边缘环境;w(Al_2O_3)值与w(MgO)值、U/Th值、Al_2O_3/TiO_2值均反映硅质岩在形成过程中受到了陆源碎屑的影响;Al_2O_3、TiO_2、Cr、Rb、Ba、Zr质量分数特征及稀土元素配分模式表明硅质岩的形成与岛弧以及弧后盆地有关。综合分析与奥陶系硅质岩伴生的火山岩岩石组合特征以及区域构造演化背景,认为西水地区奥陶系阴沟群硅质岩应属大陆边缘背景下,其弧后盆地靠近岛弧一侧的产物。这为进一步细化研究北祁连奥陶纪沟-弧-盆体系的空间格局提供了重要的沉积学依据。  相似文献   

6.
通过岩石学及元素地球化学分析方法进行沉积环境恢复。研究表明:广西钦州石夹剖面晚泥盆世～早石炭世硅质岩主要组成矿物为隐晶-微晶质石英颗粒与球状、纤维状玉髓,可见大量放射虫化石,表明硅质岩在强烈的生物作用下形成;SiO_2、Al_2O_3和TiO_2平均含量较高,Fe_2O_3平均含量较低,表明硅质岩含有高的陆源泥质沉积物;Si/(Si+Al+Fe)为0.83～0.97,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)为0.33～0.82,平均为0.65,Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)为0.39～0.87,平均为0.71,表明硅质岩主要为碎屑生物成因。通过主量元素成分投影图解,表明硅质岩沉积环境主要为大陆边缘;多数样品的U/Th比值均小于1,平均为0.84,总体表现出非热水沉积硅质岩的地球化学特征,处于大陆岛弧与大陆边缘过渡区,但在D-C地质界线处遭受过海底热液活动的影响,并经历了先强后弱的变化过程。界线处的灰黑色页岩,是Hangenberg事件及其D-C生物灭绝事件在深水相的石夹水库剖面上的具体表现,推测残留海槽拉张导致的海底火山热液活动是事件发生的影响因素之一。  相似文献   

7.
通过详细野外地质调查和岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素等方面研究,探讨了西藏春哲地区中二叠统下拉组(P_2x)硅质岩成因及其形成地质构造环境。研究结果表明,春哲地区硅质岩的SiO_2与MgO负相关性明显,主量元素中的SiO_2/Al_2O_3-MnO/TiO_2和Fe_2O_3/FeO-SiO_2/Al_2O_3在双变量图解中均落入热水沉积岩区;微量元素中Ag、As、Sb含量均高出地壳平均值,Ni/Co值为0.11～2.05,Ti/V值为35.90～48.37,均显示明显的热水沉积特征。其Al/(Al+Fe)值及MnO/TiO_2值较低,稀土元素的(La/Yb)N值介于1.35～1.97,(La/Ce)N值为1.08～1.15,(Ce)N=0.89～0.95。结合下拉组发育大量的滨浅海相碳酸盐岩等特征,研究表明春哲地区硅质岩形成于大陆边缘浅海构造环境,应为大陆边缘环境下形成的与火山活动有关的热水沉积硅质岩。该套岩石的发现说明冈底斯成矿带西段区域上中二叠世应发育一次火山热液喷流事件。鉴于许多学者在冈底斯成矿带东段古生界来姑组发现了大型喷流沉积型铅锌多金属矿床,该发现指示冈底斯成矿带中西段的古生界地层中存在寻找火山喷流型矿床的前景。  相似文献   

8.
甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带位于西南"三江"东缘,为义敦—理塘弧盆系的重要组成部分,其内部发育大量不同时代不同类型的硅质岩。本次研究在理塘县理觉公路硅质岩夹层泥岩、泥灰岩中发现含有大量的中二叠—晚二叠世牙形石,在查日查东村附近硅质岩中采获中三叠世放射虫。通过对研究区硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征研究,探讨硅质岩的成因类型及其沉积环境。结果表明,理塘地区硅质岩SiO_2质量分数为66.13%～85.89%, Al_2O_3质量分数为4.69%～7.85%, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.44～0.73之间, U/Th比值为0.10～0.19,δCe值为1.00～1.63,这些特征共同指示其为生物成因硅质岩。Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)质量比为0.52～0.79, MnO/TiO_2质量比为0.05～0.27,∑REE为(49.26～165.41)×10~(–6),平均为94.37×10~(–6),(La/Yb)N比值为0.78～2.32,(La/Ce)N比值为0.72～1.26,指示其应形成于大陆边缘环境。理塘地区理觉公路和查日查东村二叠—三叠纪大陆边缘型硅质岩的厘定,不仅丰富了甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带的物质组成,也为甘孜—理塘洋盆二叠—三叠纪地质演化提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

9.
黔南罗甸地区中晚泥盆世广泛发育深水相沉积硅质岩、灰岩,其建造类型明显不同于增生型或岛弧型硅质岩,属于一种特殊的硅质岩建造类型。对罗甸蒙江(中、上泥盆统)和过石寨(中泥盆统)42件硅质岩类样品进行岩石学、矿物学以及主量和稀土元素地球化学研究,结果表明,中泥盆世硅质沉积物Al_2O_3(0.62%~22.1%)、TiO_2(0.01%~0.84%)、Fe_2O_3(0.41%~10.5%)、∑REE(7.87×10~(-6)~319×10~(-6))、Ce/Ce*(0.51~0.96)值整体偏高,而Y/Ho值(26.6~37.0,平均30.8)和(La/Ce)N值(1.06~1.99,平均1.28)相对较低。晚泥盆世硅质沉积物的Al_2O_3(2.42%~10.6%)、TiO_2(0.06%~0.43%)、Fe_2O_3(0.62%~2.65%)、∑REE(28.7×10~(-6)~163×10~(-6))、Ce/Ce*(0.45~0.82)值则相对偏低,而Y/Ho值(28.2~36.7,平均34.2)和(La/Ce)N值(1.34~2.34,平均1.82)相对升高。除去SiO_2稀释作用影响,区内硅质沉积物稀土元素含量及来源变化均大,其中上泥盆统硅质沉积物中(∑REE+Y)除部分来自陆源碎屑外,更多地从海水中获取。结合Al2O_3/TiO_2-Al(Al+Fe+Mn)、Al-Fe-Mn和(∑REE+Y)-SiO_2/Al_2O_3图解,以及主量和稀土元素地球化学特征,认为罗甸中晚泥盆世硅质沉积物为正常海相沉积,从中泥盆世到晚泥盆世,沉积环境已由较为局限的边缘裂谷盆地向开阔的边缘裂谷盆地转化。这对深刻认识水城-紫云-南丹晚古生代裂陷盆地,以及右江盆地在中晚泥盆世的发展、演化过程均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
武夷山成矿带发育多期海相火山成矿建造,是近些年矿产勘查的重要对象。基于该成矿带龙岩地区晚石炭世经畲组铅锌矿化角砾岩层的宏观地质特征,对其中硅质岩进行了岩相学和岩石地球化学研究,探讨铅锌来源与富集机制等问题。研究发现,硅质岩SiO_2和Al_2O_3呈负相关,Fe_2O_3/FeO大多数1,并具有Eu正异常特征,说明硅质岩为热水沉积成因。硅质岩Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+TFe_2O_3)值为0.73～0.80(平均值为0.77)、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+TFe_2O_3+MnO)值为0.60～0.65(平均值为0.62),LaN/CeN为0.86～2.49(平均值为1.52),表明硅质岩形成时受到了陆源物质影响。龙岩地区晚石炭世经畲组铅锌矿化角砾岩层是海底热水喷口塌陷作用的产物,对指导该区铅锌矿找矿工作具有重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
Study of the concentration of major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) in the Shahindezh karst bauxite deposit, northwestern Iran clarifies the relationship of the tetrad effect with geochemical parameters in the bauxite ores. The existence of irregular curves in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns as well as non-CHARAC behavior of geochemically isovalent pairs (Y/Ho) are related to the tetrad effect. The meaningful positive correlation between the sizes of the calculated T3 tetrad effect and some geochemical factors such as Y/Ho, ΣREE, La/Y, (La/Yb)N, and (LREE/HREE)N as well as some major oxides-based parameters like Al2O3 + LOI/SiO2 + Fe2O3, Al2O3/Fe2O3, Al2O3 + LOI, IOL, and SiO2 + Fe2O3 indicate that the studied bauxite horizon was likely deposited by different (acidic and/or alkalic) solutions at different stages. The lower part of the studied horizon with a thickness of ~4.7 m displays alkali characteristics whereas the upper parts of the horizon with a thickness of ~5.3 m are characterized by more acidic conditions. These results are fully supported by the co-occurrence of convex-concave tetrad effect curves in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Therefore, the tetrad effect phenomenon used in this study has proved to be a good and reliable geochemical proxy to assess the conditions of the depositional environment in the Shahindezh bauxite ores.  相似文献   

12.
吴建亮  尹显科  王波  刘文  雷传扬  李威  张伟 《中国地质》2019,46(6):1356-1371
班公湖一怒江缝合带在中生代的构造岩浆演化是青藏高原基础地质研究的热点之一。在该缝合带南部的北冈底斯地区发育有大量的中生代火山岩及相关岩浆岩,其岩石成因与成岩地球动力学背景长期以来存在较大的争议。本文以班公湖一怒江缝合带西段阿翁错地区的中基性脉岩为研究对象,对该地区广泛发育的脉岩的形成时代、岩石成因、构造环境以及动力学背景进行了探讨。研究区辉绿岩脉以低硅(SiO_2=50.03%～51.13%)、低铝(Al_2O_3=15.52%～16.03%、低钛(TiO_2=1.22%-1.31%)、富镁(MgO=9.19%～10.37%)、富钠(Na_2O=3.10%～3.58%,Na_2O/K_2O=1.73～1.87)为特征;闪长岩脉以相对高硅(SiO_2=55.58%～56.22%)、低镁(MgO=4.69%～4.64%)、低钛(TiO_2=1.01%～1.06%)、高铝(Al_2O_3=17.74%～18.72%)、富钠(Na_2O=1.55%-5.03%,Na_2O/K_2O=1.81～3.61)为特征,属于钠质低钾钙碱性系列岩石。二者轻重稀土元素分馏明显,均表现为右倾型,具弱的Eu负异常,重稀土元素总体上变化不大。微量元素上均表现出以富集Rb、U等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土(LREE)元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti高场强元素(HFSE)为特征。年代学分析结果显示研究区闪长岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(99.2±1.2) Ma,辉绿岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年龄为(108.4±2.9) Ma,属于早白垩世晚期向晚白垩世过渡期间,其岩浆源区遭受了一定程度的地壳物质的混染,后经历了不同程度的铁镁矿物和斜长石的结晶分离作用。构造环境分析显示研究区中基性岩脉形成于伸展构造环境下,其产状受区域应力场控制,其动力学背景可能与班公湖一怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲消减过程中板片断离导致的软流圈上涌,诱发岛弧和岛弧后方的地幔岩浆发生补充性对流循环而形成的伸展构造背景有关。表明研究区至少在99.2 Ma时,班公湖—怒江特提斯洋俯冲消减已经完成,由早期构造挤压环境转向晚期构造伸展环境。  相似文献   

13.
The supposedly second finding of rare arsenosilicate cervandonite-(Ce) in the world is characterized. The mineral was recognized in the ore-bearing metasomatic rocks of the Berezitovoe gold-base metal deposit (Upper Priamurye, Russian Far East) in association with quartz, biotite, muscovite, orthoclase, garnet (almandine-spessartine), tourmaline, basic plagioclase, and sulfides. The cervandonite is represented by optically homogeneous and heterogeneous aggregates with visible crystals from 10 fum to 0.1–0.3 mm in size. Based on the microprobe analysis, the average chemical composition of the homogeneous cervandonite-(Ce) aggregates is as follows (wt %): Ce2O3 - 13.00, La2O3 - 5.70, Nd2O3 - 5.20, Pr2O3 - 1.41, Y2O3 - 0.77, Sm2O3 - 0.77, Eu2O3 - 0.23, Gd2O3 - 0.54, Dy2O3 - 0.31, ThO2 - 1.12, UO2 - 0.30, TiO2 - 12.86, Al2O3 - 9.24, Fe2O3 - 8.93, FeO - 2.68, CaO - 0.14, SiO2 - 19.98, As2O3 - 16.19. The comparative study of the cervandonite-(Ce) from the Berezitovoe deposit and the analogous minerals from the Alpine mica gneiss of Mt. Pizzo Cervandone (Central Alps) showed that the former mineral can be assigned to a new variety of cervandonite-(Ce) in terms of its compositional features. This variety is characterized by an ordered stoichiometric composition corresponding to the simpler theoretical formula (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+, Fe2+, Ti4+, Al)3 (Si2As3+)3O12.  相似文献   

14.
徐跃通 《地质科学》1998,33(1):39-50
在信江盆地中存在数层和石炭纪海相火山岩及其海底块状硫化物矿层相伴生,与石炭纪地层整合产出的层状硅质岩。由对硅质岩常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、硅和氧同位素等地球化学特征研究表明,本区硅质岩具有一定的热水沉积硅质岩地球化学特征。在Al-Fe-Mn和Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)三角图上,本区硅质岩属热水沉积硅质岩。由硅质岩MnO/TiO2比值、δCe值和δ30Si值分析表明,信江盆地石炭纪硅质岩的沉积环境主要为浅海。  相似文献   

15.
Dehoo manganese deposit is located 52 km to the south of Zahedan in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeastern Iran. This deposit that lies in the central part of the Iranian Flysch Zone is lenticular in shape and lies above the micritic limestone-radiolarite cherts of the upper Cretaceous ophiolite unit. It is hosted within the reddish to brown radiolarite cherts and in places interlinks with them, so that the radiolarite chert packages play a key role for Mn mineralization in the region. Investigated ore-paragenetic successions and the geochemical characteristics of the Dehoo deposit were studied by means of major oxide, trace, and rare earth element (REE) contents that provide information as to the mineral origin. Strong positive correlations were found between major oxides and trace elements (Al2O3-TiO2, r = 0.95; TiO2-MgO, r = 0.94; Fe2O3-Al2O3, r = 0.90; MgO-Al2O3, r = 0.84; MgO-Fe2O3, r = 0.88; Fe2O3-TiO2, r = 0.91; Fe2O3-K2O, r = 0.74; Al2O3-K2O, r = 0.69; Al2O3-V, r = 0.72; TiO2-V, r = 0.73, and MgO-V, r = 0.69) that testify to the contribution of mafic terrigenous detrital material to the deposit. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of all ore samples are characterized by negative Ce (0.06–0.15, average 0.10) and slightly positive Eu (0.29–0.45, average 0.36) anomalies. Based on ratios of Mn/Fe (average 56.23), Co/Ni (average 0.33), Co/Zn (average 0.38), U/Th (average 3.40), La/Ce (average 1.45), Lan/Ndn (average 2.16), Dyn/Ybn (average 0.33), and light REE/heavy REE (average 8.40; LREE > HREE), as well as Ba (average 920 ppm) and total REE contents (average 6.96 ppm) negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies, Dehoo could be considered a predominantly submarine hydrothermal Mn deposit complemented by terrigenous detrital mafic material.  相似文献   

16.
闫国川  王保弟  刘函  王立全  周放 《地质通报》2017,36(10):1772-1782
班公湖-怒江缝合带是青藏高原的主要缝合带之一,其闭合时限还存在争议,制约了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋演化历史的研究。在班公湖-怒江缝合带洞错地区新识别出一套早白垩世晚期的粗安岩,LA-ICP-MS测得其锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为102.0±1.9Ma,岩石高SiO_2、Al_2O_3、富Na及高的Sr/Y值(25.2~42.2),贫Nb(11.1×10~(-6)~16.6×10~(-6))、Y(11.7×10~(-6)~18.3×10~(-6))和Yb(1.06×10~(-6)~1.77×10~(-6)),轻、重稀土元素分异明显,具有与埃达克质岩相似的地球化学特征,同时具有高Mg~#的特点(Mg~#=50.0~54.1)。认为洞错高Mg~#埃达克质岩很可能是残留洋壳部分熔融上升过程中交代地幔的产物,形成于板内构造环境。由此推测,洞错早白垩世晚期埃达克质岩的形成与班公湖-怒江洋盆闭合后拉萨地块与羌塘地块碰撞有关,结合区域地质资料,认为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋闭合时限应该在102Ma之前。  相似文献   

17.
班公湖-怒江洋的关闭时间直接制约青藏高原早期构造演化的认识。最近,在班公湖-怒江缝合带南侧凯蒙蛇绿混杂岩中发现一碱性火山岩,岩性主要是橄榄粗安岩,具粗面结构,斑晶主要是更长石和少量普通辉石,基质主要由更长石、普通辉石和少量填隙的碱性长石组成,有的具辉绿结构。岩石化学成分较一致,Si O2含量介于51.34%~53.91%之间,Ti O2含量为1.02%~1.55%,具有高Al2O3(17.06%~18.46%)和Na2O(4.90%~6.36%)、低K2O(0.05%~0.88%)含量特点,大多数Mg#大于60,最高68.62,里特曼指数(σ)介于3.65~4.47之间,为碱性系列火山岩;富集Sr、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Y、Yb等高场强元素,相对富集Zr、Ti,Nb/U、Zr/Nb、La/Yb等比值稳定,分别为7.45~8.51、15.92~17.26和7.26~8.06;(87Sr/86Sr)i值变化范围较小,介于0.706~0.707之间,(143Nd/144Nd)t值在0.512 368~0.512 548之间,说明源区较为一致,结合Ce/Pb-Si O2图解判断结果,认为凯蒙碱性火山岩具有原始地幔、陆壳和深海沉积物源区混合特征。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明该火山岩年龄为101.8±1.1 Ma,可能形成于洋壳俯冲阶段末期,由大陆边缘陆壳与俯冲洋壳板片断离导致软流圈地幔上涌诱发部分熔融所致,推测班公湖-怒江洋大约在早白垩世晚期关闭。  相似文献   

18.
The relationship between the redox ratio Fe+2/(Fe+2+Fe+3) and the K2O/(K2O + Al2O3) ratio (K2O*) were experimentally investigated in silicate melts with 78 mol% SiO2 in the system SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-FeO-Fe2O3, in air at 1,400° C. Quenched glass compositions were analyzed by electron microprobe and wet chemical microtitration techniques. Minimum values of the redox ratio were obtained at K2O*0.5. The redox ratio in peralkaline melts (K2O*>0.5) increases slightly with K2O* whereas this ratio increases dramatically in peraluminous melts (K2O*<0.5) as K2O is replaced by Al2O3. These data indicate that all Fe+3 (and Al+3) occur as tetrahedral species charge balanced with K+ in peralkaline melts. In peraluminous melts, Fe+3 (and Al+3) probably occur as both tetrahedral species using Fe+2 as a charge-balancing cation and as network-modifying cations associated with non-bridging oxygen.  相似文献   

19.
Bauxite deposits are widespread in NW Sardinia. They formed during the middle Cretaceous, in consequence of a period of emergence of the Mesozoic carbonate shelf. In the Nurra area the geometries derived by the Middle Cretaceous tectonic phases controlled the ore typologies. Two bauxite profiles, laying on different bedrocks, were sampled. The bauxitization proceeded from the surface downward, with the accumulation of Al2O3 and residual ‘immobile’ elements (Al, Ti, HFSE), and corresponding mobility and loss of SiO2 and Fe2O3. Epigenetic kaolinite formed close to faults and joints, probably as a result of silicification, introduced by low temperature hydrothermal solutions. Rare earth elements, especially LREE, are concentrated in Fe-rich bauxite horizons, probably due to scavenging by goethite. REE-enrichment is not observed in the boehmite-rich horizons. Very high REE contents are observed in a Fe-depleted horizon due to the occurrence of REE accessory minerals, probably of the bastnäsite group. Conservative indices, including TiO2/Al2O3 and Ti/Cr ratios, and Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*), suggest that the deposits formed by weathering of sediments derived from mafic rocks of the Hercynian basement. This, in turn, implies that the basement was exposed during middle Cretaceous.  相似文献   

20.
Summary The mineral chemistry of a Variscan lamprophyre (kersantite) from the Frankenwald, Germany, has been investigated by electron microprobe. This potassic, Si-saturated, mafic rock contains an assemblage of different generations of titanite and allanite-(Ce), Th-rich zircon, and metamict REE–Ti–Zr–Th silicates. The primary ferroan-ceroan titanite contains unusually high contents of REE2O3 (max. (ΣLa to Sm)+Y = 36.8 oxide wt.%), ZrO2 (max. 5.4 wt.%), and ThO2 (max. 3.1 wt.%). Its empirical formula averages to (Ca0.31 La0.17 Ce0.30 Pr0.03 Nd0.08 Sm0.01 Y0.01 Fe2+0.06 Th0.02 Mn0.01)Σ1.00 (Ti0.60 Fe2+0.22 Al0.06 Zr0.07 Mg0.04 Nb0.01)Σ1.00 O1.00(Si0.93 Al0.07)Σ1.00 O4. Element correlations reveal operation of the complex substitution Ca2++Ti4++Th4+ ⇔ REE3++Al3++Zr4+. In comparison to allanite-(Ce), ferroan-ceroan titanite preferentially incorporated the LREE and Th. This finding is inconsistent with previous experimental studies and suggests that both minerals are not cogenetic. High Zr contents in titanite, usually known only from Si-undersaturated alkaline rocks, and the predominance of Fe2+ suggest that the ferroan-ceroan titanite crystallized from an alkali-rich, low-fO2 residual melt.  相似文献   

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