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中国北方著名中、晚侏罗世的燕辽生物群含有丰富的叶肢介动物群。早期燕辽生物群也称为道虎沟生物群,主要产出层位为海房沟组,含有三饰叶肢介动物群,主要分子包括: 海房沟三饰叶肢介(Triglypta haifanggouensis )、滦平三饰叶肢介(T.luanpingensis )和平泉三饰叶肢介(T. pingquanensis )。晚期燕辽生物群又可称为玲珑塔生物群,主要产出层位为髫髻山组,含有丰富的叶肢介化石,主要分子包括: 建昌三饰叶肢介(Triglypta jiancangensis )、玲珑塔辽西叶肢介(Liaoxiestheria linglongtaensis )、大西山玲珑塔叶肢介(Linglongtaestheria daxishanensis )和青龙玲珑塔叶肢介(Linglongtaestheria qinglongensis )。文中总结了北方雕饰叶肢介(Aquilonoglypta )、柴达木叶肢介(Qaidamestheria )和针孔叶肢介(Punctatestheria )的最新研究成果,支持将柴达木叶肢介、辽西叶肢介和玲珑塔叶肢介划归北方雕饰叶肢介科。同时,三饰叶肢介是由针孔叶肢介演化而来,与柴达木叶肢介并无直接演化关系。 相似文献
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自中、晚侏罗世之交至早白垩世早期,中国东部发生了构造格局和古地理环境的巨大转变。对这一时期燕辽东段古地理和古环境的部分问题进行了多学科整合分析,初步认识如下:中侏罗世开始增强的板块汇聚造成中、晚侏罗世亚洲东部地壳增厚和地势升高,古太平洋伊泽纳崎板块持续俯冲引起深部岩浆上涌、地壳减薄和多期伸展裂陷,同时东亚洋陆过渡带形成一系列逃逸构造,上述构造演化导致燕辽地区在晚侏罗世至早白垩世中期形成高山和盆岭地貌。早白垩世137~131 Ma,嫩江—八里罕断裂至喀喇沁变质核杂岩延伸线两侧出现东高西低的地貌差异,相对下降的冀北—大兴安岭火山-地堑带地层中赋存热河生物群早期化石组合,而辽西—松辽地区为相对隆升的构造高地。130~110 Ma时期裂陷作用扩展,热河生物群中、晚期组合向周围扩散。热河生物群生存时期总体为以干冷为主的温带大陆性气候,这与中生代中国东部高原的潜在环境效应并不矛盾。全球气候演化和区域构造古地理条件共同导致燕辽地区自晚侏罗世至早白垩世的干旱化和寒冷化,并影响到中、晚侏罗世燕辽生物群和早白垩世热河生物群之间的生态群进化演替。 相似文献
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中国中生代的两栖类化石十分稀少,已报道的有尾两栖类仅见产于河北丰宁县凤山炮樟沟晚侏罗世的东方塘螈(Laccotriton subsolanus)、凤山中华螈(Sinerpeton fengshanensis)、辽宁葫芦岛市水口子早白垩世的钟健辽西螈(Liaoxitriton zhongjiani)、内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的天义初螈(Chunerpeton tianyiensis)和奇异热河螈(Jeholotriton paradoxus),以及辽西早白垩世热河生物群中的无尾两栖类葛氏辽蟾(Liaobatrachus grabaui)、三燕丽蟾(Callobatrachus sanyanensis)北票中蟾(Mesophryne beipiaoensis)。本文记述了一件采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的蝌蚪化石,这在中国乃至亚洲尚属首次报道,不仅填补了中国中侏罗世无尾两栖类化石分布的空白,而且进一步丰富了燕辽生物群的内容,对早期蛙类的地理分布、形态发生、生存环境等研究具有重要的科学价值。 相似文献
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Radiometric Dating of Ignimbrite from Inner Mongolia Provides no Indication of a Post-Middle Jurassic Age for the Daohugou Beds 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
GAO Ke-Qin REN Dong 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):42-45
1 Introduction and Background Along with stunning paleontological discoveries from the world-renowned fossil beds in western Liaoning Province of China, recent findings from the lacustrine deposits exposed at the Daohugou village (Fig. 1) near Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, include superbly preserved pterosaur, salamander, insect, and plant fossils (Ji and Yuan, 2002; Wang et al., 2002; Gao and Shubin, 2003; Zheng et al., 2003; Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2004). The Daohugou fossil beds consist of… 相似文献
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报道了华夏三叠副蝎蛉Triasoparachorista huaxiaensis gen. et sp nov. (T2t)、吐孜沟准噶尔蝎蛉Junggarochorista tuzigouensis Hong. nom. nov. (J1b) 和1个新转移属——冀北直脉蝎蛉属Jibeiorthophlebia Hoing, 1983 (transl. nov.) (J2)及其2个种J. xiaofangzhangziensis Hong,1983 (transl. nov.)、J. internata Hong,1983 (transl. nov.) 在中国首次发现。根据它们的脉序特征,在分类上应当归于Parachoristidae Tillyard, 1937。这个科既具有二叠蝎蛉科(Permochoristidae) MP 带6支脉的特征,又有直脉蝎蛉科(Orthophlebiidae) Rs1至少带3支脉呈扇形排列的特征, 形成二叠蝎蛉科和直脉蝎蛉科之间的一种独特的过渡特征的中间类群,这个类群对它们之间的演变关系的研究有重要意义。副蝎蛉科化石在中国的发现很有意义：①填补了中国中三叠世、早侏罗世、中侏罗世副蝎蛉科的空白;②可以帮助我们追溯副蝎蛉科、直脉蝎蛉科和二叠蝎蛉科之间在不同地质背景中的演变关系;③关于中侏罗世燕辽生物群及其有关问题,笔者曾先后指出,燕辽生物群(Yanliao Biota)（J2）和热河生物群（K1）均起源于华北古陆（North China Paleocontinent）,燕辽地区（覆盖了新增加的内蒙古宁城地区）是它们的起源中心,尔后向外扩散与迁移,并向北覆盖到蒙古东部、俄罗斯外贝加尔等地区,形成东亚古陆（Eastern Asian Paleocontinent）中一个广阔的燕辽生物群和热河生物群的区系;④讨论了宁城地区地层层位的归属问题。 相似文献
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近年来,在中国辽宁西部、内蒙古东南部、河北北部中侏罗世髫髻山组和九龙山组中发现了丰富的脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和植物化石,这一化石群被称为燕辽生物群。燕辽生物群已正式命名的脊椎动物26属28种,包括鱼类1属1种、两栖类4属4种、有鳞类1属1种、翼龙类10属12种、兽脚类恐龙5属5种、哺乳类5属5种。燕辽生物群的脊椎动物化石对研究长羽毛兽脚类恐龙的演化、翼龙类的分类演化、滑体两栖类的分异等具有重要意义。虽然辽宁西部及邻区燕辽生物群脊椎动物的多样性不及同一地区早白垩世的热河生物群,但它为认识这一地区晚中生代生物群的演替提供了极为重要的依据。 相似文献
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20世纪90年代以来,中国辽宁西部及其邻区晚中生代热河生物群和道虎沟生物群研究取得了令世人瞩目的成果,尤其是在鸟类起源及其早期分异、羽毛起源及其早期演化模式、真兽类起源与早期兽类的生态辐射、被子植物起源等研究方面获得了许多重大进展。截至2006年底,共有46篇关于热河生物群的研究论文以及3篇道虎沟生物群的研究论文发表在世界著名的《自然》和《科学》杂志上,其中第一作者单位为中国科研机构的论文数量分别达39篇和2篇。《自然》和《科学》杂志是世界上自然科学领域两个国际性学术周刊,其覆盖范围广、传播速度快、读者群广泛,其连续刊登热河生物群和道虎沟生物群的研究论文,使这些重要研究成果在短时期内为全世界的学者所认可和接受,为推动该两个重要生物群的研究发挥了重要的作用。 相似文献
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Northeastern China contains widely distributed Jurassic terrestrial strata that have yielded many spectacular mammal and pterosaur fossils, in addition to feathered dinosaur fossils and more recent discoveries from Jianchang, particularly from western Liaoning. However, the fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession, regional correlation, and age estimates of the fossils found in Jianchang County and nearby areas have been contentious. Here, we report on the vertebrate fossil-bearing Jurassic stratigraphy from Linglongta, Jianchang County, western Liaoning, including a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon date unambiguously associated with the fossil horizons. The primary goal was to determine the vertebrate fossil-bearing succession. A further aim was to provide age estimations for the fossil-bearing horizon as well as the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs, the eutherian–placental clade, and transitional pterosaurs. Field investigations showed that the vertebrate fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession in Jianchang County mainly consists of basal andesites overlain by rhythmic tuffs and tuffaceous lacustrine sediments, with the upper intermediate or acidic lavas interbedded with laminated more or less tuffaceous lacustrine deposits. This sequence correlates well with the Middle Jurassic Lanqi/Tiaojishan Formation in northeastern China. Detailed and accurate field observations showed that the well-preserved vertebrate fossils were buried in either the middle or the upper fine-grained laminated lacustrine deposits. Previous and current SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dates provide an age estimation of 161–159 Myr for the fossil-bearing horizon and vertebrates. This indicates that the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs here was more than 159 Myr ago and unquestionably older than Archaeopteryx from Germany, making these the earliest known feathered dinosaurs in the world. Furthermore, the eutherian–placental clade and the known transitional pterosaurs first emerged no later than 161 Myr. The vertebrate assemblage unearthed recently from Linglongta and neighboring areas in Jianchang County belongs to the Daohugou Biota. In addition to feathered dinosaurs, this biota was characterized by mammals, primitive pterosaurs, insects, and plants and was present in Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, and northern Hebei in northeastern China during the Middle–Late Jurassic. 相似文献
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本文简要回顾了蜀兽类哺乳动物的研究历史,论述了在哺乳动物牙齿演化和中生代陆相地层对比研究中的科学意义。粗壮假碾磨齿兽的发现有力地支持了哺乳动物中“三磨楔齿形臼齿趋同演化”的假设,并再一次以直接的化石证据表明内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区含蜀兽类化石地层的时代为中侏罗世。 相似文献
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Anchiornis huxleyi, which is a member of the Middle–Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota, is the smallest feathered dinosaur ever known. It has been described as a critical link between feathered dinosaurs and birds. Recent studies, including those of Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, Eosinopteryx and Aurornis, challenged Archaeopteryx as the most basal bird. The new Anchiornis huxleyi specimens that are described in this paper show some minor different characters compared to previously reported Anchiornis specimens, which has revised the character list of Anchiornis and indicates a different phylogenetic point from former opinions. 相似文献
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辽宁建昌是我国重要的中生代化石地质遗迹集中产地,盛产燕辽生物群、热河生物群及阜新生物群化石.通过定性评价其典型性、原始性与稀有性,确定其在科研、科普、社会与经济方面的价值.定量评价进一步将辽宁建昌中生代化石地质遗迹点分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级3个级别.最后通过综合评价,将化石集中产地分为国家级和地方级两种,为建昌县的化石保护规划、保护区区划、开发利用等提供了可靠的科学依据. 相似文献
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宁城中生代道虎沟生物群中两类具原始羽毛翼龙的发现及其地层学和生物学意义 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27
本文实事求是地介绍了道虎沟生物群的组成及相关地层的岩性,并根据长尾型嘴口龙类(Rhamphorhynchoidea)翼龙与短尾型翼手龙类(Pterodactyloidea)翼龙同期共生的特点,确信道虎沟生物群的地质时代为晚侏罗世。此外,本文还研究了道虎沟生物群中翼龙身上发育的皮肤衍生物,初步认为它们是原始羽毛(protofeathers),至少是与羽毛同源的(feather-homologous),这对于了解羽毛(广义)的演化历史和早期的形态结构将具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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LIU Yanxue LIU Yongqing ZHANG Hong 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(5):733-742
LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb dating is applied to volcanic rocks overlying and underlying the Salamander-bearing bed in the Daohugou beds of Ningcheng in Inner Mongola and Reshuichang of Lingyuan and Mazhangzi of Jianping in western Liaoning. The results indicate that the youngest age of the rocks in Daohugou of Ningcheng is 158 Ma, and the oldest one is 164 Ma. Synthesized researches indicate that the salamander-bearing beds in Daohugou of Ningcheng, Reshuichang of Lingyuan and Mazhangzi of Jianping were developed in the same period. The Daohugou beds were formed in the geological age of 164-158 Ma of the middle-late Jurassic. Whilst, the Daohugou beds and its corrdative strata should correspond to the Tiaojishan Formation （or Lanqi Formation） of the middle Jurassic in northern Hebei Province and western Liaoning Province, based on the disconformity between the Daohugou beds and its overlaying beds of the Tuchengzi Formation of Late Jurassic and the Jehol Beds of early Cretaceous, and the disconformity between the Daohugou Beds and its underlying Jiulongshan Formation, which is composed of conglomerate, sandstone, shale with coal and thin coal beds. 相似文献
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简要报道了新近首次在冀西北张家口尚义地区发现的恐龙足迹。野外地质调查发现,恐龙足迹赋存于尚义晚中生代盆地侏罗系—白垩系后城组顶部。恐龙行迹呈近东西向展布,由数十个足迹构成。初步研究表明,造迹者分别属于兽脚类和蜥脚类恐龙,由西向东行进。足迹中包括兽脚类足迹70余个,组成数个行迹;蜥脚类足迹15个,构成1列行迹。蜥脚类足迹特征显示其可能属于游泳状的行迹。华北北部土城子组/后城组发育于燕辽生物群—热河生物群更替演化时期（晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期）,以往在该时期沉积物中罕见脊椎动物骨骼化石。近年来华北北部土城子组/后城组中频繁发现的恐龙足迹表明,燕辽生物群—热河生物群更替演化时期发育着以恐龙为代表的脊椎动物群。该发现将有助于进一步了解土城子组/后城组沉积时期恐龙属种的多样性及其生物古地理环境。晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期沉积古地理和古生态环境及其与恐龙动物群发育的研究有助于揭示陆地生物群更替演化和环境的关系。 相似文献
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我国早期生命进化研究的进展和展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了中国在晚前寒武纪——寒武纪生物化石群研究多方面(尤其是大化石)的主要成就。其中,近年发现的震旦纪陡山沱期化石生物(包括庙河生物群和蓝田植物群),对植物界的进化说来是个重要阶段;早寒武世澄江生物群(包括软躯体生物和软部保存的带骨骼生物)早于国外著名的布吉斯页岩生物群,逼近了带骨骼动物最初的爆发式辐射期。这些珍稀化石的研究将促进对早期生物进化历程的重新认识。这个研究领域有无可限量的前景。 相似文献
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道虎沟生物群(前热河生物群)的发现及其地质时代 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31
根据最新发现的动、植物化石 ,确立了“道虎沟生物群”,这一新的生物群属前热河生物群 ,生存时代大体相当于晚侏罗世的牛津期 (Oxfordian)至基末利期 (Kim meridgian)。这一发现大大补充了我国这一地质时期贫乏的化石记录 ,为探讨热河生物群的起源提供了较丰富的第一手材料。 相似文献
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燕辽地区晚中生代动物君及其古生态和古地理意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
燕辽地区的中侏罗-早白垩世地层中共有3个动物群贯穿始终，即燕辽动物群、热河动物群、阜新动物群，分别分布于中侏罗世、晚侏罗世及早白垩世，构成多门类化石群的组合序列.根据以昆虫为主的动物群组合序列研究，可以推测中侏罗世燕辽地区处于温带气候条件下，森林沼泽发育，分布广，但水面规模不大，水体不深，地形起伏差异较小，而晚侏罗世相似，陆地植被茂盛，森林极为广布.到早白垩世尼欧克姆期，动物群的种类相对较贫乏，以陆生昆虫为主，出现的昆虫大多为典型亚热带昆虫，说明该地气候仍偏热，但湖泊显著减少，已逐渐向干燥的气候过渡。从昆虫类及其他一些化石的古地理分布特征分析，可以作出如下推断，即：劳亚大陆或欧亚大陆与北美、非洲等大陆分离的最后时限不会早于中侏罗世，以后随着泛大陆解体，昆虫中一些类群（如蚊歇蛉科等）的早期代表扩散到其他大陆，最终现成现今的分布格局。在这一过程中，第三纪白令陆桥虽有一定作用，但并不是主要和唯一的途径。 相似文献
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Debate on the magnitude of Cretaceous extinctions and timing of modern bird origins has sharply coalesced over the past two decades into contested models, gradualistic or explosive. Molecular clocks, bolstered by phylogenetic, biogeographic, and vicariance models, support an Early Cretaceous origin for birds and mammals over 100 million years ago. Yet, although numerous new Chinese fossils of archaic ornithurine birds have been discovered in the Jehol Biota of the Early Cretaceous of China, none shows close affinity to modern neornithines; it is not until the latest Cretaceous when some fossils show more advanced ornithurine morphology, and are possibly Neornithes. In contrast to mass survival scenarios, most paleontological evidence appears to support an explosive radiation following the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction event, closely paralleling the geometry of mammal evolution. Gradualistic models ignore recent evidence of cataclysmic worldwide events following the impact event. How could mass survival of the environmentally sensitive birds have occurred following cosmopolitan environmental destruction, when other terrestrial vertebrates, particularly ectotherms, suffered dramatic loss? Given the paucity and scrappy nature of avian fossils immediately prior to and after the K–Pg boundary, it is prudent to use mammalian and other biotic evolution in the Paleogene as a guidepost for avian evolution. Our continued inability to produce a veracious phylogeny of higher avian taxa is likely related to a Paleogene explosive burst or ‘big bang’ evolution of bird and mammal evolution, resulting in short ordinal internodes. 相似文献