共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
2.
近年来,地下水作为人们的重要饮用水源,其水质变化受到国家的高度重视。作为水体富营养化的重要指标的硝酸盐氮,其反映了水体的受污染程度。并且,若长期饮用硝酸盐氮过高的地下水也会对人体造成危害,必须提高对地下水中硝酸盐氮的检测精度。文章从实验方法、设备优势、所用试剂、曲线绘制和质量控制等方面系统介绍了紫外分光光度法在测定地下水中硝酸盐氮含量时的应用,并结合现场实验数据及工作经验,提出了提高测定准确度的建议。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
安徽淮北平原浅层地下水硝酸盐分布特征及污染来源分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下水中硝酸盐污染是当今世界许多国家或地区普遍关注的问题,研究其分布特征意义重大。文章在水文地质调查基础上,通过取样分析,研究了安徽省淮北平原浅层地下水硝酸盐分布状况和污染来源,结果表明:硝酸盐含量在东北地区较高,在一定范围超过饮用水限制标准(88mg/L),最高达432.56mg/L,研究区南部较低;NO3-与Cl-的同步增长关系表明其主要来源为生活污物和人畜排泄物,且该地区的农田肥料和污水灌溉很可能是另一主要来源;根据R型因子分析发现研究区内浅层地下水水质主要受到三方面的影响,即自然作用、自然与人为的混合作用和人为作用,且贡献率分别为39%、28%、15%。而人为作用中硝酸盐的相关度最高,因此建议加强研究区内人类活动中硝酸盐氮污染控制。 相似文献
6.
7.
地下水硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素研究现状及展望 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
农业区内浅层地下水中硝酸盐污染普遍存在。为保证供水安全和有效治理污染的地下水体。确定硝酸盐中氮的来源及影响硝酸盐浓度的物理、化学作用尤为重要。由于不同成因的硝酸盐中δ^15N值存在差异，利用N同位素可以确定氮污染源，但有时存在多解性问题；分析硝酸盐的δ^18O值，可提高地下水硝酸盐污染的研究深度。本文综述了用硝酸盐中N、O同位素来区分地下水污染中硝酸盐的不同来源和示踪氮循环过程这两方面的研究进展，并提出一些值得重视的研究方向。 相似文献
8.
随着人口增长、粮食需求的增加以及土地利用的变化,地下水硝酸盐污染成为桂林市环境污染日益严重的问题。通过对桂林城区地下水2001年～2010 年水质调查成果,开展桂林市城区地下水硝酸盐含量的空间变异及其分布规律研究,对其主要影响因素进行系统分析,以期对防治桂林市城区地下水硝酸盐污染治理及岩溶水资源保护提供科学依据 相似文献
9.
对太湖流域长兴县浅层地下水的氮污染进行了系统的调查与研究,共取地下水样43个并测定了其三氮含量.结果表明氨氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的超标率分别为13.95％、16.27％和16.27％.三氮污染最严重的地区主要为农业活动集中区,即夹浦镇、小浦镇、洪桥镇和虹星桥镇等,其中虹星桥镇硝酸盐污染最为严重,高达22mg/L.采用地质统计学方法对太湖流域长兴县43个浅层地下水样“三氮”含量进行了区域空间变异分析,结果表明长兴县地下水NO3-N和NO2-N浓度变异函数满足球状模型,而NH3-N浓度变异函数为高斯模型,硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮浓度的空间自相关距离分别为9.98、1.51和3.82kmn.对硝酸盐污染因素进行了分析,结果表明:硝酸盐浓度与氮肥使用量呈明显正相关关系,年平均施肥量(以N计)为300kg/ha地区平均硝酸盐氮浓度达6.7mg/L,年平均施肥量(以N计)为100kg/ha地区平均硝酸盐氮浓度为2.2mg/L;地下水硝酸盐与地下水位埋深有直接关系,埋深较浅(1～3m)地区的硝酸盐浓度较高;当土地利用类型相同时,硝酸盐氮浓度与人口密度具有线性正相关关系. 相似文献
10.
近些年,随着化肥和农药的广泛使用,地下水中硝酸盐污染日益严峻。本文选择桂林寨底地下河系统为研究区,对研究区进行地下水取样调查以及水化学和氮、氧同位素分析,利用IsoSource软件对其硝酸盐来源进行定量计算,为岩溶区地下水硝酸盐来源定量研究提供了一个新方法。结果表明,寨底地下河硝酸盐主要以NO3–为主,NO3–浓度变化在2.67~17.99 mg/L,平均值为6.3 mg/L,研究区内硝酸盐来源共有三种,分别为化肥、动物粪便与污水和土壤有机氮,其中化肥的变化范围为23%~78%,动物粪便与污水为6%~58%,土壤有机氮为6%~38%。沿地下水流动方向,化肥和动物粪便与污水的比例均发生了明显变化,与离居民区的距离密切相关,距离远时化肥比例较大,动物粪便与污水比例较小,距离近时则相反。 相似文献
11.
Daniele Pittalis Raul Carrey Stefania Da Pelo Alberto Carletti Riccardo Biddau Rosa Cidu Fulvio Celico Albert Soler Giorgio Ghiglieri 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(6):2021-2040
Agricultural coastal areas are frequently affected by the superimposition of various processes, with a combination of anthropogenic and natural sources, which degrade groundwater quality. In the coastal multi-aquifer system of Arborea (Italy)—a reclaimed morass area identified as a nitrate vulnerable zone, according to Nitrate Directive 91/676/EEC—intensive agricultural and livestock activities contribute to substantial nitrate contamination. For this reason, the area can be considered a bench test for tuning an appropriate methodology aiming to trace the nitrate contamination in different conditions. An approach combining environmental isotopes, water quality and hydrogeological indicators was therefore used to understand the origins and attenuation mechanisms of nitrate pollution and to define the relationship between contaminant and groundwater flow dynamics through the multi-aquifer characterized by sandy (SHU), alluvial (AHU), and volcanic hydrogeological (VHU) units. Various groundwater chemical pathways were consistent with both different nitrogen sources and groundwater dynamics. Isotope composition suggests a mixed source for nitrate (organic and synthetic fertilizer), especially for the AHU and SHU groundwater. Moreover, marked heterotrophic denitrification and sulfate reduction processes were detected; although, for the contamination related to synthetic fertilizer, the attenuation was inefficient at removing NO3? to less than the human consumption threshold of 50 mg/L. Various factors contributed to control the distribution of the redox processes, such as the availability of carbon sources (organic fertilizer and the presence of lagoon-deposited aquitards), well depth, and groundwater flow paths. The characterization of these processes supports water-resource management plans, future actions, and regulations, particularly in nitrate vulnerable zones. 相似文献
12.
石家庄市地下水中氮污染分析 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：25
通过对石家庄市地下水中“三氮”污染状况的分析，发现硝酸盐是地下水中的主要氮污染物，利用氮同位素方法分析了地下水中硝酸盐氮的来源，讨论了人类开采地下水和施放环境物质对地下水中氮聚集的影响，在人类活动影响强度小的地区，地下水中的硝酸盐污染强度大大低于市区。NO3-浓度与硬度变化趋势表明：氮污染与硬度等指标值升高有一定的联系，但在不同的水文地球化学环境中，在迁移和转化等方面又有着自己的特性。 相似文献
13.
Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast of Songnen Plain in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, which is a petrochemical industry gathering place based on petroleum refining, chemical industry, chemical fiber and fertilizer. In recent years, the quantity demand of petroleum and petrochemical production for groundwater in Daqing Oilfield is growing, and it’s of great significance to analyze and study the quality and pollution degree of groundwater for groundwater exploitation, utilization and protection. In this paper, groundwater quality of Daqing Oilfield evaluated by Nemerow Index is poor, and most points are Class IV groundwater; When evaluating groundwater pollution by hierarchical ladder method, the results show that the severe and extremely severe pollution points account for 34.48% in shallow phreatic water and 20% in deep confined water, showing that shallow groundwater is more seriously polluted than the deep. The main components influencing the quality of groundwater in the study area are total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl-, SO42- and so on, which are affected by both the native environment and human activities; The main pollution components in groundwater are nitrite and nitrate nitrogen which are affected by human activities. Daqing Oilfield groundwater pollution is characterized by inorganic pollution, while organic components related to human activities contribute less to the groundwater pollution currently. 相似文献
14.
As nitrate pollution in groundwater has become increasingly serious in recent years, nitrogen isotope was adopted in this paper to define its sources in a typical agricultural area of Dong'e hydrogeological unit. The results show that: Higher content of NO_3~- detected in shallow groundwater is 27.77 mg/L on average and δ15 N content ranges from 7.8‰ to 12 ‰, indicating that shallow groundwater is mainly contaminated by sewage or feces. In contrast, less NO_3~- in deep groundwater(karst water) has an average value of 12.81 mg/L and δ15 N content is between 7.2‰ and 14.3‰, which is closely related to human disturbance as mentioned above. In addition, considering relatively low groundwater quality at some monitoring sites, reasonable fertilization is a better choice in the study area to reduce nitrate source in groundwater. 相似文献
15.
地下水氮元素污染是一个全球性的环境问题,其来源和迁移转化特征是国内外研究的热点。文章以新疆塔城盆地80组地下水样品水化学组分测试结果为依据,研究塔城盆地地下水“三氮”污染特征。结果表明:塔城盆地地下水质量总体较好;对比2017年发布的地下水质量标准,深层承压水“三氮”均未超标;浅层地下水“三氮”污染较轻,“三氮”超标点零星分布于地下水的中下游冲洪积平原区,其中,NO3-N超标率最高,超标率为8.8 %;NO2-N和NH4-N次之,超标率均为1.3 %。沿着地下水流向,从山区到盆地中央的平原区,地下水污染逐渐变重。“三氮”重污染点主要分布在塔城市、额敏县及其周边地区。区内地下水污染点的分布与工矿企业污染源、污水处理厂、垃圾填埋场等大型污染源的分布具有一定的相关性。城市化进程中,生活污水的不合理排放是塔城盆地“三氮”污染的主要来源,而通过排污河流下渗是研究区地下水“三氮”污染的重要途径;氧化还原条件、pH值、包气带岩性结构、补径排条件等是“三氮”迁移转化及其空间分布的主要影响因素。 相似文献
16.
As nitrate pollution in groundwater has become increasingly serious in recent years, nitrogen isotope was adopted in this paper to define its sources in a typical agricultural area of Dong’e hydrogeological unit. The results show that: Higher content of NO3- detected in shallow groundwater is 27.77 mg/L on average and δ15N content ranges from 7.8‰ to 12 ‰, indicating that shallow groundwater is mainly contaminated by sewage or feces. In contrast, less NO3- in deep groundwater (karst water) has an average value of 12.81 mg/L and δ15N content is between 7.2‰ and 14.3‰, which is closely related to human disturbance as mentioned above. In addition, considering relatively low groundwater quality at some monitoring sites, reasonable fertilization is a better choice in the study area to reduce nitrate source in groundwater. 相似文献
17.
由于人类活动影响,水体硝态氮污染已经成为世界范围内的环境问题。硝态氮污染不仅会造成水体富营养化,长期摄入过量硝酸盐还会严重威胁人体健康,控制并解决水体硝态氮污染是我国经济社会发展过程中亟待解决的重要环境问题。我国西南喀斯特地区是世界上面积最大、发育最典型和人地矛盾尖锐的岩溶连续分布带,具有十分脆弱且高度敏感的生态系统。与非喀斯特地区相比,这里水体硝态氮污染情况更为复杂和严重。因此,明确西南喀斯特地区内硝态氮的时空分布特征并对其来源进行解析是有效治理的前提。本研究梳理了近几十年来西南喀斯特地区水体硝态氮的现代监测结果,探讨了水体硝态氮时空分布特征、来源及受控机制等问题,发现:(1)区域内地表水硝态氮平均检出质量浓度不高,地下水检出质量浓度波动范围较大;(2)近几十年来,地表水硝态氮质量浓度整体呈现小幅增长趋势,而地下水检出质量浓度随时间的变化存在地域差异;(3)降水的稀释和冲携作用对区域内硝态氮质量浓度及分布的影响不容忽视,而人类活动导致的土地利用变化带来的影响可能成为未来的主控因素;(4)区域内水体硝态氮主要来源于铵态化肥、土壤有机氮、粪肥及污水,硝化作用是主要的转化过程。研究结果将为进一步认识喀斯特地区氮循环过程及促进地区可持续发展提供理论基础。 相似文献
18.
以华北平原某集约化种植区为典型研究区域,通过对采集的8个地下水样品及11个土壤样品分析,探讨集约化种植区地下水的污染程度,解析其污染影响机制。结果表明:该集约化种植地区土壤中残留物主要为有机氯农药,多环芳烃及邻苯二甲酸酯类有机化合物。地下水中硝酸盐含量显著增加;重金属中以Cr含量最高,但均未超标;地下水并未受到有机氯农药的污染,但仍显示有多氯联苯的输入;半挥发性有机物检出种类较多,其中残留农膜释放的邻苯二甲酸酯类有机化合物浓度最高;地下水已受到较为严重的污染。集约化种植区大量施用化肥、农药和覆盖农膜,污染负荷严重,灌溉频繁且量大,污染质运移驱动力大是地下水污染的根本原因;当地包气带中黏性土厚度不均以及井孔止水不严等因素也成为了地下水受到污染的直接原因。 相似文献
19.
Modeling the risk of nitrate leaching and nitrate runoff loss from intensive farmland in the Baiyangdian Basin of the North China Plain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The water movement and soil nitrogen cycle of the Baiyangdian Basin were simulated, and the risk of nitrate leaching and nitrate runoff loss from intensive farmland was assessed by using the distributed hydrological soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) in this study. The model assessment showed that SWAT was able to simulate water and nitrate movement in the region with satisfactory results. The modeling analysis indicated that fertilizer application was the overriding source of soil nitrogen and might result in a large amount of nitrate accumulation in soils; this nitrate might be lost by leaching or runoff driven by water movement. In 2009, nitrate nitrogen leaching represented 19.5 % of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, while nitrate nitrogen runoff represented 1.7 % only. Thus, it showed that the nitrate leaching was the main approach of soil nitrogen movement in farmland because of strong percolation. It also showed a significant variation of nitrate leaching from different soil depths, with the largest amount leached from surface soil layers and the smallest amount leached from lower soil layers. Therefore, it could be further revealed that the nitrate concentration was very low at soil layers lower than the root zone of crops (1.2 m). Validated by groundwater observations, groundwater pollution by nitrate derived from fertilizers was not serious because of the deep groundwater level in the study plain. However, the risk of groundwater pollution would increase significantly if precipitation increased. 相似文献
20.
Gernot Klammler Hans Kupfersberger Gerhard Rock Johann Fank 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):663-678
The aquifer Westliches Leibnitzer Feld, Austria, is a significant resource for regional and supraregional drinking water supply for more than 100,000 inhabitants, but the region also provides excellent agricultural conditions. This dual use implicates conflicts (e.g., non-point source groundwater pollution by nitrogen leaching), which have to be harmonized for a sustainable coexistence. At the aquifer scale, numerical models are state-of-the-art tools to simulate the behavior of groundwater quantity and quality and serve as decision support system for implementing groundwater protecting measures. While fully and iteratively coupled simulation models consider feedback between the saturated and unsaturated zone, sandy soil conditions and groundwater depths beneath the root zone allow the use of a unidirectional sequential coupling of the unsaturated water flow and nitrate transport model SIMWASER/STOTRASIM with FEFLOW for the investigation area. Considering separated inputs of water and nitrogen into groundwater out of surface water bodies, agricultural, residential and forested areas, first simulation results match observed groundwater tables, but underestimate nitrate concentrations in general. Thus, multiple scenarios assuming higher nitrogen inputs at the surface are simulated to converge with measured nitrate concentrations. Preliminary results indicate that N-input into the groundwater is strongly dominated by contributions of agricultural land. 相似文献