共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
岩石内部细观裂纹的存在,对压缩作用下岩石剪切断裂的宏观现象有着重要的影响。然而,能够通过解析解阐释细观裂纹几何特性、围压等影响因素对压缩作用下剪切断裂面角度变化趋势的研究很少。基于Ashby模型中提出的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,提出了一种改进的考虑裂纹角度影响的应力强度因子表达式。利用该改进的应力强度因子表达式,推出了一个可以预测岩石峰值强度的裂纹扩展、应变与应力之间的本构关系。结合本构关系的峰值强度与摩尔-库仑失效准则,得到了岩石损伤与内摩擦角、黏聚力、剪切强度及失效断裂面角度之间的理论关系;讨论了围压、裂纹尺寸、角度及摩擦系数对岩石宏观剪切断裂面角度的影响,通过试验结果验证了模型合理性。结果表明：随着损伤增大,内摩擦角、黏聚力及剪切强度不断减小;随着围压增大、摩擦系数增大和初始裂纹尺寸减小,剪切断裂面角度不断增大;随着裂纹角度增大,剪切断裂纹面角度先减小后增大。 相似文献
2.
《岩土力学》2017,(8):2395-2401
从理论和数值两个方面进行分析,发现受径向集中力和围压作用的中心裂纹圆盘(CCBD)试件裂纹面接触会对II型应力强度因子产生较大的影响。通过理论研究,分析CCBD受集中力和围压作用裂纹面接触时圆盘内部的应力场,采用断裂力学权函数理论,推导得出在集中力和围压共同作用下,考虑裂纹面闭合时应力强度因子的解析解。然后,使用ANSYS软件建立了相应的数值模型计算应力强度因子,并与理论解和相关文献进行对比验证,证明了理论公式的正确性。无论裂纹张合与否,所提出的解析公式都能计算出不同裂纹长度、加载角、围压和摩擦系数的应力强度因子。最后,利用公式分析摩擦系数对应力强度因子的影响,结果表明:随着摩擦系数的增大,I型裂纹的应力强度因子不变,II型裂纹的应力强度因子随之显著减小;当加载角较大时,裂纹面产生更为复杂的二次裂纹,故压剪断裂测试的推荐加载角范围为30°~50°。 相似文献
3.
岩体内部存在大量的裂隙,由于填充物的存在,在大多数情况下裂纹面是闭合的,受外力作用时会产生摩擦力,进而会影响到岩体裂隙的起裂模式和扩展行为。因此,为了研究闭合裂纹的起裂模式和扩展行为,用类岩石材料PMMA有机玻璃板制成含有闭合裂纹的预裂试样,在试样上进行单轴压缩试验,用数字图像相关系统（digital image correlation,简称DIC）记录并分析了闭合裂纹的起裂和扩展特征。另外,使用扩展有限元法（extended finite element method,简称XFEM）来模拟闭合裂纹的萌生和扩展,通过模拟得到了含闭合裂纹试样的破坏过程,并分析了闭合裂纹的起裂和扩展特征,与试验结果吻合良好,验证了数值模拟的有效性。在此基础上,引入裂纹倾角和裂纹面摩擦系数为变量,模拟研究了其对闭合裂纹起裂和扩展行为的作用机制。研究结果表明,裂纹闭合条件下产生的裂纹为翼型张拉裂纹。裂纹倾角和裂纹面摩擦系数对闭合裂纹的起裂模式和扩展行为有较大影响,裂纹倾角越大,起裂角越大;相反,裂纹面摩擦系数越大,起裂角越小。另外,裂纹面摩擦系数会对闭合裂纹的扩展产生抑制作用,且随着摩擦系数不断增大,抑制作用... 相似文献
4.
由应变能密度因子理论得出裂纹沿着形状改变比能密度因子最小的方向扩展,但理论中所使用的应力强度因子是在拉应力作用下计算得出的,而自然界中的岩体通常处于压应力场中。因此,在修正的应变能密度因子理论的基础上,结合压缩荷载作用下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,并考虑裂纹面之间的摩擦作用得出了针对压缩荷载作用下的岩石裂纹扩展的应变能密度因子理论,并运用该理论分析了裂纹倾角、围压以及裂面摩擦力对破裂角的影响,将分析结果与已有的试验和数值分析结果进行比较,取得了良好的一致性。分析得出,在单轴压缩荷载作用下临界破裂荷载随着裂纹倾角的增大而先减小、后增大,并且一个裂纹倾角对应多个破裂角,即裂纹朝多个方向发展;在三轴压缩荷载作用下,破裂角与围压大小有关。此研究成果可为压应力场中岩石裂纹扩展的数值模拟提供参考。 相似文献
5.
单孔岩样水压致裂的数值分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水压致裂是改变岩体结构的一种天然行为和人为手段。采用F－RFPA2D软件,对水压致裂过程、裂缝扩展形态及注水孔形状和大小、应力条件和岩样强度等影响因素进行了研究。将开始出现声发射的水压称为微裂压力,将声发射急剧增多、裂缝非稳定扩展直至岩样破坏的水压称为破裂压力。岩样尺寸一定时,微裂压力和破裂压力随内孔面积增加而降低,方形孔岩样的微裂压力和破裂压力均小于同面积的圆形孔。微裂压力和破裂压力随围压或岩样强度增加而增加,且其差值随岩样强度增加而增加,理论破裂压力与模拟值趋势基本一致。方形孔的宏观裂纹起裂位置多在角点附近,而圆形孔比较随机。无围压时,宏观裂纹的延伸方向随机;有围压时,宏观裂纹扩展方向大致与主应力方向一致,且沿较大主应力方向的宏观裂纹扩展至岩样破坏,较小主应力方向宏观裂纹不完全发育。研究结果对水压致裂试验和工程实践有一定参考意义。 相似文献
6.
考虑裂隙水压力的岩体压剪裂纹扩展规律研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在库水位大幅度升、降变化时,容易导致岩体内增量裂隙压力的集中,使断裂面上有效应力降低,裂纹面尖端的应力强度因子增加。当达到临界强度因子时,可能使岩体内裂纹、裂隙贯通、扩展,形成连续的复式破坏面,从而使边坡稳定性降低,造成边坡的失稳。基于此,从断裂力学角度分析了裂隙水压力对裂纹强度因子的影响,对考虑裂隙水压力作用的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型复合裂纹扩展规律进行了研究,结果表明：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型复合裂纹的裂纹扩展角的变化,不仅与裂纹的闭合程度、斜裂纹倾角、双向应力大小有关,还与裂隙水压力的大小、裂纹面的摩擦系数有关;并且在相同情况下,未闭合裂纹的扩展角要大于闭合裂纹的扩展角;对于闭合裂纹,裂纹面摩擦系数越小,扩展角越大;最后,推导了基于摩尔-库仑准则考虑裂隙水压力的岩体断裂韧度KIc、KIIc和压剪状态下Ⅰ、Ⅱ型复合断裂判据。研究成果为分析水岩作用下裂隙岩体的失稳破坏提供了重要的参考。 相似文献
7.
为了建立能够反映岩石初始宏观变形模拟方法以及微裂纹闭合应力确定新方法,首先,针对岩石及其内部微裂纹的受力变形特点,将岩石视为由岩石基质和微裂纹两部分组成,并以此建立了岩石与其组成成分之间的变形分析模型,并由材料变形力学分析角度分别建立了岩石基质和微裂纹的受力变形分析方法,从而建立了岩石初始宏观本构模型并给出了模型参数的确定方法;然后,针对现有微裂纹闭合应力确定方法存在的缺陷与不足,提出了基于本文模型的微裂纹闭合应力确定新方法;最后,基于本文模型探讨了围压对岩石初始宏观变形非线性上凹程度的影响,从理论上阐述了围压效应即围压与岩石初始宏观变形非线性上凹程度成负相关。研究结果表明,本文模型不仅能够很好地模拟岩石启裂前变形全过程,还能够阐述岩石与其组成成分之间的变形关系;微裂纹闭合应力确定新方法既满足微裂纹闭合应力的理论意义又能够避免人为因素的干扰,并具有易操作性的特点,表明了本文模型与方法的合理性与可行性。 相似文献
8.
通过把断裂力学扩展判据引入水工隧洞解析解中,使宏观的水工隧洞受力分析与细观的围岩裂纹扩展研究相结合;将隧洞围岩裂纹分为拉剪型裂纹和压剪型裂纹,并针对不同类型裂纹的开展机制,分别推导了水工隧洞围岩拉剪型和压剪型裂纹扩展时的临界内水压力表达式。在此基础上,分析了裂纹的走向、长度、埋深等参数对临界水压的影响规律。算例显示,在高内水压力作用下,或者由于地应力释放的影响,裂纹既可能发生拉剪型扩展,也可能发生压剪型扩展,但后者发生的几率更大。在内水压力控制工况下,当裂纹走向垂直于洞壁法线方向时最不容易发生扩展;裂纹长度越长,埋深越浅,围岩孔隙水的作用面积越大,裂纹发生扩展的可能性越大。 相似文献
9.
为研究水力耦合作用下砂岩裂纹扩展特征,开展了不同孔隙水压和围压条件的砂岩破坏试验。结果表明：有效围压相同,随着孔隙水压力增大,脆性指标数增大,起裂应力、损伤应力和峰值应力都变小;裂纹初始体积应变变小,裂纹扩展体积应变先减小后增大,损伤应力与峰值应力对应的裂纹轴向应变扩展速率、裂纹环向应变扩展速率增加,裂纹体积应变扩展速率与孔隙水压力关系不明显。孔隙水压力相同,随着有效围压增加,起裂应力、损伤应力和峰值应力增大。起裂应力、损伤应力、峰值应力对应的裂纹轴向应变扩展速率、裂纹环向应变扩展速率和裂纹体积应变扩展速率增大。同一块砂岩特征应力点的裂纹应变扩展速率比较,裂纹轴向应变扩展速率最大,裂纹环向应变扩展速率次之,裂纹体积应变扩展速率最小。 相似文献
10.
采用动态焦散线试验和ABAQUS数值分析方法,对条形药包爆破载荷作用下不同角度预制贯通裂纹的扩展行为进行了研究。研究结果表明：在爆炸应力波的作用下,柱部区域和端部区域0°预制贯通裂纹远端翼裂纹背离炮孔方向扩展,而近端翼裂纹朝向炮孔扩展。预制贯通裂纹远端的应力集中程度较近端高,并且远端翼裂纹的止裂韧度更低,翼裂纹更易扩展。在爆炸应力波的作用下,柱部区域90°预制贯通裂纹由张开逐渐转为闭合,爆炸应力波在已闭合的预制贯通裂纹面发生透射,并在预制贯通裂纹尖端产生压剪应力集中,形成以II型断裂为主的I-II复合型裂纹,并近似垂直于预制贯通裂纹面扩展,随后,在自由面反射应力波的作用下,反翼裂纹沿预制贯通裂纹面起裂扩展;炮孔端部区域90°预制贯通裂纹处翼裂纹的起裂是由于爆炸应力波在预制贯通裂纹处产生反射拉伸波的结果,促使预制贯通裂纹端部产生拉应力集中,形成近似I型裂纹,随后,翼裂纹逐渐转向爆炸应力波传播方向扩展。 相似文献
11.
考虑岩石闭合裂纹壁面间存在的摩擦力对裂纹尖端应力场的影响,应用最大周向应力理论得到压剪复合裂纹的断裂角。在此基础上,依据岩石裂纹尖端双向受力时的破坏特征,结合最大周向应力准则与修正的格里菲斯（Griffith）强度理论,建立了考虑摩擦效应的闭合裂纹失稳扩展的岩石压剪断裂判据。研究结果表明：断裂角受裂纹和荷载方向的夹角、裂纹壁面之间的摩擦系数、侧压力系数的影响;当压剪裂纹的断裂角是某个定值时,纯II型裂纹的断裂韧度与纯I型裂纹的断裂韧度的比值只与岩石裂纹表面的摩擦系数取值有关,而与其他岩石力学参数无关。此研究成果可为压剪应力作用下裂隙岩体的失稳破坏提供参考。 相似文献
12.
在研究双向压缩条件下压剪复合型裂纹应力分布特征及断裂破坏机制基础上,考虑渗透压对初始裂隙面上有效正应力的影响,提出高低渗透压环境的判定准则,并基于滑动裂纹模型理论及最大周向拉应力破坏准则,得到不同渗透压环境下初始裂隙尖端微裂纹起裂特征与规律。研究结果表明：压剪复合应力条件下,初始裂隙尖端发育微裂纹的最优倾角与裂隙面摩擦系数直接相关,随裂隙面摩擦系数的增大,最优初始裂隙倾角由45°起逐渐增大;低渗透压条件下,渗流场的存在使裂纹面摩擦系数发生弱化,进而使得最优初始裂隙倾角向45°靠近,而渗透压直接降低裂隙面上有效正应力且与裂隙倾角无关,其仅仅影响裂隙体材料的初裂强度;高渗透压条件下,初始裂隙面由压剪复合应力状态转化为拉剪复合应力状态,并在拉剪复合应力场作用下,尖端微裂纹起裂角随KI/KII的不断增大,由70.5°逐渐趋近于0°。 相似文献
13.
Cheng Zhao Yimeng Zhou Qingzhao Zhang Chunfeng Zhao Hiroshi Matsuda 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):353-370
To deeply understand the cracking mechanical behavior of brittle rock materials, numerical simulations of a rock specimen containing a single preexisting crack were carried out by the expanded distinct element method (EDEM). Based on the analysis of crack tips and a comparison between stress- and strain-based methods, the strain strength criterion was adopted in the numerical models to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes under uniaxial and biaxial compression. The simulation results indicated that the crack inclination angle and confining pressure had a great influence on the tensile and shear properties, peak strength, and failure behaviors, which also showed a good agreement with the experimental results. If the specimen was under uniaxial compression, it was found that the initiation stress and peak strength first decreased and then increased with an increasing inclination angle α. Regardless of the size of α, tensile cracks initiated prior to shear cracks. If α was small (such as α ≤ 30°), the tensile cracks dominated the specimen failure, the wing cracks propagated towards the direction of uniaxial compression, and the propagation of shear cracks was inhibited by the high concentration of tensile stress. In contrast, if α was large (such as α ≥ 45°), mixed cracks dominated the specimen failure, and the external loading favored the further propagation of shear cracks. Analyzing the numerical results of the specimen with a 45° inclination angle under biaxial compression, it was revealed that lateral confinement had a significant influence on the initiation sequence and the mechanical properties of new cracks. 相似文献
14.
为研究不同孔洞-裂隙（简称"孔-隙"）赋存条件下的裂纹扩展规律，利用RFPA软件，对不同裂纹倾角及不同非均质系数下的岩体破坏进行数值模拟分析，获得其裂纹扩展过程、声发射规律、应力-应变曲线，同时与原试验结果进行对比验证。结果表明:完整试样裂纹沿着剪切方向产生，含孔-隙试样裂纹沿裂隙尖端及孔口侧边产生；翼裂纹贯穿试件的同时，在预制裂纹尖端或孔口侧边产生水平方向的次生裂纹，并产生分叉，非均质系数影响次生裂纹走向；压载前期试样以拉破坏为主，压载后期以拉-剪组合破坏为主，次生裂纹的产生与剪切破坏有关；声发射累计能量与声发射累计数前期缓慢增大，后期迅速增大，预制裂纹倾角越小，非均质系数越大，声发射累计能量越大；不同裂纹倾角及不同非均质系数试件的应力-应变曲线均经历3个阶段:弹性变形阶段、非线性变形阶段及残余变形阶段，孔-隙的存在降低了试样的峰值强度，影响试件的脆性度。研究结果为进一步认识孔-隙相互作用规律提供了参考。 相似文献
15.
Rock strengths are directly influenced by the open or closed flaws widely distributed in rock masses. Extensive studies have been conducted on the propagations of open flaws in rocks. However, few concerns are paid on the propagation of closed flaws, the influence of the surface friction on the initiation and propagation of closed flaws should be investigated systematically. In present article, the crack initiation and propagation in rock like material subjected to compressive loads have been investigated. The effects of crack surface friction on crack initiation and propagation have been quantified with the help from extended finite element method which is efficient and accurate. Based on the analysis on stress distribution and propagation patterns, following results are obtained: Firstly, minor effects are exerted by crack surface friction on the stress distribution around the flaws when the flaws inclination angle is 30° and 45°. However, as the inclination angle increases to 60°, the effects are much more significant. Secondly, as the inclination angle ranges from 30° to 60°, the most favorable angle for crack propagation is 45°. Thirdly, the initiation location and angle of the wing cracks will not be influenced by the frictions. However, the propagation length will be greatly influenced by the friction and the inclination angle. 相似文献
16.
E.G. Bombolakis 《Tectonophysics》1973,18(3-4)
Static friction along inclined cracks in photoelastic models increases with both the loading and frictional displacement before the larger crack-wall asperities are broken or completely over-ridden. Elastic shocks resulting from successive stick-slip during this stage can be repeated more or less indefinitely with repeated loading and unloading. Locked-in residual stresses, especially around crack tips, result when the model is unloaded, because of frictional coupling between crack walls. Favorable crack arrays for initial growth in the model include particular sets of en-echelon cracks inclined 45° to the stress axis, but the critical orientation may be smaller in brittle rock if crack-wall friction in rock is greater than in the model. Axial growth of en-echelon cleavage cracks, inclined at angles smaller than 45°, was observed in feldspar during deformation of a pegmatite having a mineralogy and texture similar to granite. Their growth follows predictions derived from photoelastic model studies.Crack growth in the pegmatite begins between half and two-thirds of the ultimate strength. The first flaws to grow, however, also include pre-existing axially oriented cleavage cracks in the feldspar. Crack growth occurs randomly throughout the specimen as stress is increased, without much evidence that grain boundaries are activated for crack growth. But when the applied stress approaches the ultimate strength, two new features are observed. There is an abrupt development of finite frictional slip along favorably inclined flaws and grain boundaries, beginning with displacements of the order of the dimensions of grain-boundary asperities. Crack growth still occurs at various locations throughout the specimen at this stage, but there is also a detectable concentration of growth along potential shear zones. Flaw-wall friction appears to be one of the critical factors that determine the pegmatite's ultimate strength and the instability of through-going fracture. 相似文献
17.
A micromechanics-based approach is proposed to predict the shear failure of brittle rocks under compression. Formulation of this approach is based on an improved wing microcrack model, the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, and a micro-macro damage model. The improved wing microcrack model considers the effects of crack inclination angle on mechanical behaviors of rocks. The micro-macro damage model describes the relation between crack growth and axial strain. Furthermore, comparing experimental and theoretical relations between crack initiation stress and confining pressure, model parameters (i.e., μ, a, β, and φ) hardly measured by test are solved. Effects of crack inclination angle, crack size, and friction coefficient on stress-strain relation, compressive strength, internal friction angle, cohesion, shear failure plane angle, and shear strength are discussed in details. A most disadvantaged crack angle is found, which is corresponding to the smallest compressive strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, and shear strength of rocks. Rationality of the theoretical results is verified by the published experimental results. This approach provides a theoretical prediction for effects of microcrack geometry on macroscopic shear properties in brittle rocks under compression. 相似文献
18.
裂纹扩展方向的确定对分析岩桥破坏机制和岩体抗剪强度参数具有重要意义。首先以断裂力学观点推导了复杂应力条件下裂纹尖端应力分布函数的表达式,以节理岩体尖端的扩展裂纹可分为张拉裂纹和剪切裂纹为前提,基于Griffith破坏判据,提出了张拉裂纹扩展方向(张裂角)的计算公式;基于Mohr-Coulomb判据,提出了剪裂纹扩展方向(剪裂角)的计算公式。通过新判据与试验和其他判据的结果对比表明,该判据能准确判断张拉裂纹扩展方向,而剪裂角的扩展方向有待进一步试验验证。分析表明:在单向拉应力作用下,张裂纹扩展方向均有偏向于最大主应力方向的趋势,张裂纹与最大主应力夹角小于15°;双向拉应力作用下,随着微裂纹倾角变大,张裂纹有远离最大主应力方向的趋势;单轴压缩作用下,张裂角随裂纹倾角的增加而减小,而两者的和为先减小后增加。 相似文献
19.
Evolution of Rock Cracks Under Unloading Condition 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Underground excavation normally causes instability of the mother rock due to the release and redistribution of stress within the affected zone. For gaining deep insight into the characteristics and mechanism of rock crack evolution during underground excavation, laboratory tests are carried out on 36 man-made rock specimens with single or double cracks under two different unloading conditions. The results show that the strength of rock and the evolution of cracks are clearly influenced by both the inclination angle of individual cracks with reference to the unloading direction and the combination geometry of cracks. The peak strength of rock with a single crack becomes smaller with the inclination angle. Crack propagation progresses intermittently, as evidenced by a sudden increase in deformation and repeated fluctuation of measured stress. The rock with a single crack is found to fail in three modes, i.e., shear, tension–shear, and splitting, while the rock bridge between two cracks is normally failed in shear, tension–shear, and tension. The failure mode in which a crack rock or rock bridge behaves is found to be determined by the inclination angle of the original crack, initial stress state, and unloading condition. Another observation is that the secondary cracks are relatively easily created under high initial stress and quick unloading. 相似文献