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1.
利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法对长江源区直门达水文站的资料进行分析,揭示长江源区年径流量在1956-2000年间呈微弱的减少趋势。结合流域气象资料分析,该时段流域内升温明显,最大可能蒸发量呈增加趋势,降水也呈微弱减少趋势。径流变化与降水变化基本一致,降雨-径流关系没有发生明显变化,表明1980-2000年降水量减少是该时段径流量减少的直接原因,温度升高有利于融冰融雪和降水形式的变化,但由于融冰融雪占径流补给的比率相对较小,该时段温度升高导致融冰融雪的增加不足以抵消降水量的减少对径流的影响。径流量季节变化分析,揭示长江源区春季径流呈增加的趋势,这可能与融雪过程提前以及融雪量增加有关。 相似文献
2.
气候变暖对长江源径流变化的影响分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
在气候变暖背景下， 20世纪60年代以来， 长江源区气温年和四季增温显著， 蒸发量、 径流量总体呈增加趋势； 进入21世纪后， 源区降水量呈增加趋势。沱沱河作为长江源区的主要径流， 以此为代表研究长江源区气候变暖对径流的影响具有重要的现实意义。利用1981 - 2015年沱沱河水文站径流量资料、 沱沱河同期气象站降水量、 气温、 蒸发量的实测资料， 分析了长江源区沱沱河降水、 气温、 蒸发量变化对径流量的影响。结果显示： 在全球变暖背景下， 近35 a来沱沱河流域年及四季平均气温、 平均最高气温、 最低气温均呈显著增加趋势； 年及春、 夏、 秋季降水量增加而冬季降水量减少； 春、 冬季蒸发量呈增加趋势， 年及夏、 秋季蒸发量呈减少趋势。沱沱河流域降水量是影响径流量大小的最主要的气候因子， 夏季降水量的增多与夏季径流量的增多关系密切， 年平均最低气温升高导致的冰川和积雪融水对径流量的影响次之， 蒸发量对径流量的影响明显低于前两者。 相似文献
3.
长江源区高寒生态与气候变化对河流径流过程的影响分析 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
近40 a来长江源区气候变化剧烈,是青藏高原增温最为显著的地区之一,高寒生态系统与冻土环境不断退化.采用多因素逐次甄别方法与半经验理论方法相结合,基于多年冻土的不同植被覆盖降水-径流观测场观测试验结果,分析了长江源区气候-植被-冻土耦合系统中各要素变化对河川径流的不同影响.结果表明:近40 a来长江源区河川径流呈持续递减趋势,年均径流量减少了15.2%,频率>20%的径流量均显著减少,而>550 m3.s-1的稀遇洪水流量发生频率增加;气候变化与高寒草甸覆盖变化对源区径流变化的影响较大,分别占5.8%和5.5%;气候与植被覆盖变化对径流的显著影响是与冻土耦合作用的结果,但冻土环境与冰川变化对径流的贡献尚不能准确评价.高寒沼泽湿地和高寒草甸生态系统对于源区河川径流的形成与稳定起到关键作用,这两类生态系统的显著退化是驱动河川径流过程中变差增大、降水-径流系数减少以及洪水频率增加的主要原因.保护源区高寒草甸与独特的高寒湿地生态,对于维护源区水涵养功能和流域水安全意义重大. 相似文献
4.
基于金沙江流域1966~2010年降水和径流资料,采用单变量Mann-Kendall(MK)趋势分析法、突变检验法和多变量MK法对金沙江流域近几十年来的降水和径流变化进行了非一致性分析。结果表明:金沙江流域年降水和年径流整体呈上升趋势,特别是从20世纪90年代之后增大趋势较为明显。其中金沙江流域中游以上区域的年降水通过显著性检验,上升趋势较为明显,而各个水文站点的年径流均未通过显著性检验,仅存在微弱的上升趋势。中游攀枝花站集水区域的面平均年降水趋势存在突变点,在1997年之后显著增加,而其年径流则不存在突变点,其他站点面平均年降水和年径流趋势都不存在突变。此外,中游龙街站集水区域的面平均年降水和年径流通过多变量MK显著性检验,表明龙街站降水和径流联合变量呈显著增加趋势。 相似文献
5.
对长江上游主要控制站水沙量进行了统计分析。近期长江上游水沙变化特点主要表现为:与1990年前相比,1991-2002年宜昌站年均减少沙量约1.3亿t;金沙江屏山站年均增加沙量约0.35亿t,其占宜昌站的百分数由51.8%增加到71.9%;嘉陵江北碚站年均减少沙量约0.985亿t,占宜昌站的百分数由25.7%减小至9.1%。采用滑动平均法以及Spearman秩次相关检验和线性回归检验等方法,对屏山、北碚和宜昌等3站水沙变化趋势进行了分析,分析结果表明:宜昌站径流量无趋势性变化,但输沙量有减小趋势;北碚站水沙减小趋势均较为明显;屏山站径流量无趋势变化,但输沙量有一定的增大趋势。另外还对影响长江上游水沙变化的降水量、水土保持措施、水库拦沙以及人类活动增沙等主要因素进行了分析。 相似文献
6.
利用1960~2012年长江源区直门达以上流域水文观测数据,采用Mann-Kendall法对径流量数据进行突变检验,并结合径流过程线共同判断突变年份,最终确定2008年为径流量变化的突变年份。以径流突变年份分割时间序列为1960~2008年和2009~2012年,得到累积径流量、累积降水量与年份线性关系式。沱沱河以上降水和非降水因素对径流量增大的贡献率分别为22.89%和77.11%;直门达以上分别为67.85%和32.15%。研究结果显示长江源区近年来径流量呈增加趋势。 相似文献
7.
长江-黄河源寒区径流时空变化特征对比 总被引：32，自引：8，他引：32
长江源区比黄河源区寒冷而干燥，年径流量仅为黄河源区的60％，径流年内分配较黄河源区均匀性差，丰水年与枯水年比例基本相当，而黄河源区枯水年占较大优势，近40a来长江源区径流量总体上呈明显的递减趋势，黄河源区径流量则呈现略微增长趋势，长江源区径流量以8～9a的周期变化较为显，黄河源区径流量则以7～8a周期比较显，对寒区径流变化的主要影响因子分析表明，长江源区温度因子对径流年际变化影响大于黄河源区，而降水因子影响相对较小，长江源区寒区水环境对径流影响较大是造成长江、黄河源区径流差异形成的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
气候变化背景下长江源区径流变化特征及其成因分析 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
利用1960-2011年历年逐月长江上游通天河流域直门达水文站观测的流量资料、长江源区气象台站观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,研究分析了长江源区径流变化特征及其气候归因.结果表明:2005年之前,长江源区年及夏、秋、冬季的平均流量呈持续下降趋势,2005年以后,长江源区年及四季的平均流量均呈显著增加趋势.其中,以夏季平均流量的增幅最为明显,年平均流量有4 a左右及12 a左右的变化周期.高原夏季风、长江源区夏季7、8月地面感热、流域降水量、蒸发量、气温及冰川和积雪融水均对长江源区流量变化有明显影响.2005年以后,长江源区年及四季的降水量呈明显的增加趋势,而蒸发量呈明显的减少趋势.同时,温度急剧上升导致的冰川和积雪融水增多,是2005年以来长江源区流量急剧增加的重要原因. 相似文献
9.
基于全球降雨气候中心(GPCC)和全球径流数据中心(GRDC)的降雨径流资料,选择亚马逊流域16个测站,利用三次样条、Mann-Kendall法、Yamamoto检验、最大熵谱法和小波分析法,分析了各子流域的年降水量和年径流量的趋势性、周期性、突变性,并对降水、径流的时间变化和空间分布进行分析。结果表明:整个流域降水量和径流量随时间变化呈增加趋势;其降雨分布不均,南多北少;年降水倾向率有明显空间差异,近50年,流域上、下游径流增加,中游径流减少,整体则有微弱增长。 相似文献
10.
新疆塔里木河流域近50a气候变化及其对径流的影响 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18
根据塔里木河源流区1958-2004年的水文气象数据,利用Mann-Whitney和Mann-Kendall非参数技术检验,对塔里木河源流区近50 a来气候变化的长期趋势、变化特征及其空间分布进行检测,并分析了塔里木河流域气候变化背景下的径流变化趋势.结果表明:流域气温和降水均在20世纪80年代中期发生了跳跃式的突变,且自20世纪80年代中期以来气温和降水均保持较高的增长趋势,90年代成为近半个世纪以来最温暖的10 a.阿克苏河区和开孔河区增温幅度大于叶尔羌河区和和田河区,除和田河区外,各区的增湿幅度基本上都超过了10%.与气候变化相一致,塔里木河上游源流区的年径流量除和田河表现出轻微减少趋势外,叶尔羌河和阿克苏河的年径流量均呈增加趋势,其中,阿克苏河的年径流量增加了10.9%.流域气温、降水与厄尔尼诺的χ2独立性检验表明,El Ni(n)o与La Ni(n)a事件对流域年均气温和年降水不存在显著的影响. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
13.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
14.
15.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献