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1.
鄱阳湖水系重金属元素地球化学特征及入湖通量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
江西省多目标区域地球化学调查显示,鄱阳湖流域河流两岸土壤(河漫滩沉积物)中存在明显的重金属异常带。为揭示河流两岸河漫滩沉积物(土壤)中重金属元素的来源、输送通量及其沉积历史,分别于丰水期和枯水期系统采集了鄱阳湖流域赣江、信江、饶河、抚河、修水及鄱阳湖湖水、悬浮物等样品,分析As、Cd、Pb等元素含量。研究表明:As、Pb、Cu、Zn等元素在研究区河流中的含量普遍较高,不同时期河水中的元素含量有较大的差异;各重金属元素在研究区河流迁移形式有很大的差别,As和Cd主要以离子态形式迁移,但Cd悬浮态迁移形式所占比例也很大;Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni主要以悬浮态形式迁移;重金属在河流水体和悬浮物两相中的分配受水体pH值、温度和悬浮物浓度等因素影响,不同的元素受这些因素的影响程度有很大的差别;按各支流输送通量,赣江和信江对湖区重金属元素输入通量的贡献最大,是鄱阳湖Cd等重金属元素的最主要来源。  相似文献   

2.
水和悬浮物是河流重金属元素迁移的主要载体.对嫩江中下游悬浮物及滤后水重金属元素分布特征进行了较系统的研究,结果表明：丰水期是嫩江流域内悬浮物迁移的主要季节,支流的汇入会影响嫩江干流悬浮物浓度,大安市生产生活对水体悬浮物浓度产生明显影响;齐齐哈尔市的生产生活对嫩江水体悬浮物重金属含量影响不大,而对水中Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn元素产生明显影响;雅鲁河是向嫩江输入重金属Cr、Ni最多的支流,年输入嫩江通量分别为1223、100．46 t;阿伦河是向嫩江输入重金属Cd、Cu、Pb最多的支流,年输入嫩江通量分别为0．08、10．93、9．96 t;嫩江向松花江年输入重金属As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni通量分别为113．7、0．32、0．79、438、164、152、440、224 t.  相似文献   

3.
第二松花江中上游悬浮物重金属元素分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
悬浮物是河流重金属元素的主要迁移载体。对第二松花江中上游悬浮物重金属元素分布特征进行了较系统的研究。结果表明:第二松花江中上游悬浮物中重金属元素含量变化大;枯水期悬浮物主要以吸附重金属元素能力强的粘土矿物为主,而丰水期则以长英质矿物碎屑为主;枯水期悬浮物重金属元素含量明显高于丰水期;工业污染是导致吉林市区河段悬浮物中As、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg元素含量远高于松花湖和下游河段的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
湖南水口山及周边是湖南省重金属污染较为严重的地区之一,龙王山金矿床是该区中部的一个重要金矿床.为调查该矿床废石堆污染状况、是否为周边环境的污染源、污染途径、重金属迁移能力和潜在的危害,对矿区FS17废石堆进行了自然淋滤水和24 m浅钻系统取样,开展重金属元素总量分析,利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其重金属污染程度进行污染评价,采用四步改良BCR提取法分析废石堆中8种重（类）金属元素（Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、As和Fe）的赋存形态,并利用迁移指数量化废石堆重金属元素迁移能力;发现废石堆中Cd、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni重金属元素严重超标,且在垂向上分布极不均匀;其自然淋滤水样中重金属元素Cd、Ni、Zn、Cu也严重超标;废石堆浅层重金属元素潜在迁移能力顺序为:Cd＞Ni≈Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Fe,深层重金属元素迁移能力顺序为:Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Pb＞As＞Fe,浅层重金属元素的迁移性大于深层;说明该废石堆重金属元素含量高,是周围环境重要污染源,酸性废水排放为其释放污染元素的主要途径;Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni迁移能力强,是周围环境的主要污染元素;Pb、Ni、As的迁移性在深层明显降低,可以通过埋深来削弱其迁移性,而Cr不会对周边环境产生污染.   相似文献   

5.
沈阳细河沿岸土壤中重金属垂直分布特征与形态分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
研究了沈阳细河沿岸翟家、彰驿和黄腊坨地区13个土壤剖面样品中重金属的垂直分布特征,对土壤环境危害较大的3种重金属元素Cd、Hg、As进行了重点分析。采用改进的Tessier连续萃取法研究了5个表层土壤中7种重金属元素的形态分布。研究表明土壤重金属元素形态分布具有以下特点:As、Cu、Cr、Zn和Pb主要以残渣态存在;Cd主要以离子交换态存在,残渣态所占的比例较低,表明表层土壤中Cd的活动性较强,容易迁移进入生态食物链。大部分样品中Hg以残渣态为主。除Cd外,土壤中其余6种重金属的可交换态含量都比较低。7种重金属的潜在迁移能力顺序为:CdHgPbZnCrCuAs。  相似文献   

6.
长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤中重金属元素的来源   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
为追踪长沙、株洲、湘潭3个城市表层土壤中Cd、As、Pb等重金属元素的来源,分析了土壤、基岩、大气干湿沉降、水、悬浮物等介质之间重金属元素的质量平衡和土壤自身重金属元素含量随时间变化的特点。结果显示,除As外,区内基岩中的重金属元素含量低于克拉克值;残积物中Cd相对基岩贫化,As、Pb、Cu、Hg等重金属元素相对基岩的富集小于3倍;大气干湿沉降重金属元素相对土壤富集了数倍至数十倍;湘江水体主要向沿江潮土提供As、Cd物源:近50年内土壤重金属元素有较高的增加速率。不同介质间重金属元素的质量变化特点支持长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤重金属元素富集的主要物源为大气沉降,地表水及悬浮物是沿江湖土重金属元素的主要物源,基岩对土壤提供的物源有限的结论。  相似文献   

7.
朱伯万  潘永敏  陆彦 《江苏地质》2010,34(2):168-174
采集了长江南京八卦洲段悬浮物、漫滩柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品,分析了Al、Fe、Mn、Hg、Ni、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn含量.结果表明,柱状沉积物元素含量垂向变化较小,反映沉积物来源比较稳定;表层沉积物微量元素含量因子分析反映元素主要受流域地质影响,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素还叠加人为活动的影响;悬浮物与长江中下游成矿带地质体的Pb同位素206Pb/207Pb比值非常接近,表明长江中下游成矿带来源悬浮物携带以Cd为代表的重金属对江苏沿江土壤重金属富集胚层起着重要的塑造作用.  相似文献   

8.
土壤重金属含量是影响黄芩产量和质量的重要因素。选取承德市中部金沟屯和五道岭两处黄芩种植示范区为研究区，采集表层土壤样品355件，黄芩样品30件，重金属形态样品15件。在分析土壤Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Hg、V、Co、Sb和土壤有机质含量（SOM）及pH值，黄芩Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As含量基础上，采用描述性统计、地累积指数、主成分和RDA分析、重金属生物富集系数、生物活性系数和迁移系数等方法论述了土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征。结果表明:金沟屯和五道岭区土壤各重金属累积程度总体属无-中度累积水平。五道岭Cu和Hg累积程度高于金沟屯区，其它元素累积程度低于金沟屯区。五道岭区表层土壤Cr、Cu和Cd含量超标率分别为2.82%、1.69%和1.13%；金沟屯区土壤Cd、Cr和Ni，五道岭区土壤Zn和Hg含量超标率均为0.56%。五道岭区黄芩Cu元素含量高于金沟屯区，Co和Cu元素生物富集强度高于金沟屯区，其它元素含量和生物富集强度则均低于金沟屯区。土壤Cd和Hg元素生物活性系数相对最高，Ni、Zn和Pb元素次之，Cu、Cr和As生物活性系数相对较低。金沟屯区根系土具有较低的pH值和较高的SOM含量，区内黄芩根部As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb元素BCF平均值高于五道岭区，Cu元素富集强度低于五道岭区。土壤重金属生物有效性和黄芩重金属生物富集强度受土壤pH和SOM含量影响，其中Cd和Cu元素受SOM含量影响最为明显。  相似文献   

9.
洞庭湖沉积物重金属环境地球化学   总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45  
姚志刚  鲍征宇  高璞 《地球化学》2006,35(6):629-638
对洞庭湖沉积物样进行了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg等8种元素含量分析.结果显示,洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染物主要是Cd和Hg,其次是Pb、Zn、As和Cu;Cd平均含量达到2.7mg/kg,是国家土壤环境质量三级标准(1.0mg/kg)的近3倍;Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Hg平均含量分别为51.3mg/kg、52.8mg/kg、140mg/kg、22.5mg/kg和0.22mg/kg,均超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准.运用地累积指数法对其污染程度进行了评价,认为重金属污染最严重的湖区是东洞庭湖的鹿角至城陵矶湖区(段),污染物可能主要来源于湘江流域;各子湖区(段)重金属综合污染状况评价结果是:东洞庭湖＞大通湖＞横岭湖＞万子湖＞西洞庭湖＞采桑湖.入湖各河口区沉积物重金属含量与历史资料的对比表明,8种重金属含量均有较高程度的富集,反映近年来洞庭湖流域内重金属污染有增加的趋势.  相似文献   

10.
基于前期调查,采集水稻籽实样品共50件,在选定的3处地块采集9组土壤和水稻组合样品,每组样品包括根系土、水稻根系、水稻茎和籽实,分析其各部位的重金属元素含量,探究重金属元素在植物不同部位的迁移与富集机理。研究区水稻不同部位的元素富集规律为根系富集系数F(As)＞F(Cu)＞F(Cd)＞F(Zn)≈F(Hg)＞F(Cr)≈F(Ni)≈F(Pb),茎部富集系数F(Hg)＞F(Zn)≈F(Cu)＞F(Cd)＞F(As)＞F(Cr)＞F(Ni)＞F(Pb),籽实富集系数F(Zn)＞F(Cu)＞F(Cd)＞F(Ni)＞F(As)≈F(Cr)＞F(Pb),水稻植株内重金属元素含量分布规律为根系＞＞茎＞籽实。重金属元素在该系统中的迁移系数和迁移模式可分为4类。研究结果对土壤环境修复与合理利用等有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

11.
The Dongting Lake, the second biggest freshwater lake in China, consists of three wetlands of national importance, namely the East Dongting Lake, the South Dongting Lake, and the West Dongting Lake. Surface sedi-ments were sampled from 57 locations across the lake. Nutrient concentrations [total organic carbon (TOC), total N (TN) and total P (TP)] and 16 element concentrations (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn) in the sediments were measured to investigate the impact of industrialization along the lake's coastline and sev-eral tributaries on the profiles of nutrients and heavy metals in the lake's surface sediments. R-mode cluster analysis (CA) was used to integrate geochemical data. The result showed that euthophication of the Dongting Lake resulted mainly from TN and TOC. The main polluting trace metals are Hg, As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn, which are largely ad-sorbed on clay minerals or Fe/Mn oxides, or deposited as carbonates. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the source of micropollutants. The worst affected district by heavy metals is the East Dongting Lake, the pollution sources may originate mainly from the Xiangjiang drainage area. The results demonstrated that multivariate methods are the potentially great tools for the interpretation of the environmental data on lake sediments.  相似文献   

12.
云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了解云蒙湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,选取云蒙湖沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As)作为研究对象,测定并分析其在云蒙湖表层沉积物中的分布、来源及生态风险,以期为云蒙湖沉积物中重金属污染治理及饮用水安全保障提供依据。采用富集系数法、相关性分析及聚类分析对重金属来源进行分析,并选用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:云蒙湖表层沉积物中6种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As平均含量分别为20.9、73.1、23.1、62.0、0.4和4.5 mg/kg;与临沂市土壤背景比较,Cd、Zn和Cr的含量超过临沂市土壤背景值,Cd污染最严重。重金属来源分析结果显示:Cd受人类活动影响较大,可能与区域农业和林业施肥有关;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 As这几种重金属以自然来源为主。综合富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法3种评价方法的结果得出,云蒙湖表层沉积物中Cd 为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害。  相似文献   

13.
In the aquatic system, heavy metals always exist in a number of physico-chemical forms: particulate (Cp), soluble which consists of labile (MALI) and bound (inorganic MAb and organic MLb). The environmental behaviors of a metal are critically dependent on these forms. In this paper, the forms of heavy metals in waters from the Changjiang River source to mainstream and lakes were determined by ASV method. The main results are as follows: 1. The total contents (Ct) of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in the source were 4.0, 1.88, 1.28 and 0.07 (g/L) respectively, while Ct (g/L) in the mainstem were in the order of Zn (20.1) > Cu (14.9) > Pb (6.73) > Cd (0.15). Ct (g/L) in Dianchi Lake were Zn (7.2) > Pb (0.72) > Cu (0.53) > Cd (0.05), and in Poyang Lake were Zn (12.5) > Pb (4.2) > Cu (3.4) > Cd (0.05), and in Poyang Lake were Zn (12.5) > Pb (4.2) > Cu (3.4) > Cd (0.05). However, most of them were presented as Cp. Their dissolved contents (Cs, /L) were lower. 2. The distribution of soluble forms was related to the type of metal and to environmental variables. In general, Zn and Cd have a tendency to be present in MALi, Pb in MAb and Cu in MLb.  相似文献   

14.
In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the water, sediments, and nine tissues of eight fish species in Chaohu Lake were detected. And the ecological risk of sediments and food safety caused by heavy metals were evaluated. The mean concentrations of metals (As: 8.21, Cd: 0.58, Cu: 2.56, Cr: 0.50, Ni: 26.47, Pb: 3.51, Zn: 23.05 μg/L) in the water were found lower than the threshold values for the first-grade water quality (China environmental quality standards for surface water). The mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments were 41.79, 19.31, 7.61, 7.09, and 102.85 μg/g, respectively, while the concentration of As and Cd was recorded below the detection limit. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that metals in the sediments posed low ecological risk. The bioaccumulation of metals in fish tissues showed relatively high concentrations in liver, brain, kidney, and intestines while low levels of metals were detected in muscle. A fascinating phenomenon was firstly noticed that all metals highly existed in fish brain and exhibited an especially significant positive correlation with the metal concentrations in sediment, indicating a health risk for Chinese due to their consumption favor of fish head.  相似文献   

15.
INTRODUCTIONFresh water lakes are one of the planet’s mosti mportant freshwater resources.They support life invarious forms,develop tourism and provide uniquerecreational opportunities.It is also a good source ofthe provision of drinking-water for local communi-ties.Studies on trace elements in rivers,lakes,andsedi ments(Zhou et al.,2004;Gray et al.,2000;Grosheva et al.,2000;Klavins et al.,2000;Aucoinet al.,1999;Bortoli et al.,1998;Elbaz-Poulichet etal.,1996;Johansson et al.,1995;F r…  相似文献   

16.
The heavy metal accumulation in soils caused by industrialization has attracted broad attention. To evaluate the soil environmental quality of Xiangyin County, an important food production base in China, 99 top paddy soil samples were analyzed for total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn and Pb. Kriging interpolation was used to determine the spatial distribution of the metals. The assessment of soil environmental quality was performed according to pollution index methods. As the results showed, except for Cu, Cr and Ni, the mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in soils were elevated to different extents when compared with the background values. Moreover, except for Cd, contents of seven other elements in most soil samples were below the Class II criteria for Chinese environmental quality standards, which established the maximum allowable concentration of heavy metal in the farmland. Therefore, the soils were believed to be polluted mainly by Cd. All of the elements showed a similar spatial distribution pattern with low contents in the east upland area, and high contents in the middle by the west area, located close to Dongting lake. The long-term practice of using the Xiangjiang river as irrigation water was believed to be the main reason resulting in the enrichment of heavy metals in soils around Dongting lake. In addition, the evaluation results showed that about 45.8, 51.1 and 3.1?% of the study area were classified as slightly, moderately and seriously polluted with Cd, respectively. As for the other seven elements, soil environmental quality was fairly well because of their grades belonging to clean or excellent. By integration of the assessment results for individual elements, it was found that about 3.8?% of the study area was clean, 82.2?% was slightly polluted and 14.1?% was moderately polluted. On the whole, most of the study area was at safe and guarded level. However, appropriate measures still should be adopted to control the levels of heavy metals in agricultural soils. The findings obtained in this study were useful for establishing policies for protecting the local soil environments and guaranteeing the food quality as well as the people??s health.  相似文献   

17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(7):1391-1408
Surface water samples from the St. Lawrence River were collected in order to study the processes controlling minor and trace elements concentrations (Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn), and to construct mass balances allowing estimates of the relative importance of their natural and anthropogenic sources. The two major water inputs, the upper St. Lawrence River, which drains waters originating from the Lake Ontario, and the Ottawa River were collected fortnightly over 18 months. In addition, other tributaries were sampled during the spring floods. The output was monitored near Quebec City at the river mouth weekly between 1995 and 1999. Dissolved metal concentrations in the upper St. Lawrence River carbonated waters were lower than in the acidic waters of the tributaries draining the crystalline rocks of the Canadian shield and the forest cover. Biogeochemical and hydrodynamic processes occurring in Lake Ontario drive the seasonal variations observed in the upper St. Lawrence River. Biogeochemical processes relate to biological uptake, regeneration of organic matter (for Cd and Zn) and oxyhydroxide formation (for Mn and Fe), while hydrodynamic processes mainly concern the seasonal change in vertical stratification (for Cd, Mn, and Zn). In the Ottawa River, the main tributary, oxyhydroxide formation in summer governs seasonal patterns of Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co and Zn. The downstream section of the St. Lawrence River is a transit zone in which seasonal variations are mainly driven by the mixing of the different water masses and the large input of suspended particulate matter from erosion. The budget of all dissolved elements, except Fe and Zn, was balanced, as the budget of particulate elements (except Cd and Zn). The main sources of metals to the St. Lawrence River are erosion and inputs from tributaries and Lake Ontario. Direct anthropogenic discharges into the river accounted for less than 5% of the load, except for Cd (10%) and Zn (21%). The fluxes in transfer of dissolved Cd, Co, Cu and Zn species from the river to the lower St. Lawrence estuary were equal to corresponding fluxes calculated for Quebec City since the distributions of dissolved concentrations of these metals versus salinity were conservative. For Fe, the curvature of the dilution line obtained suggests that dissolved species were removed during early mixing.  相似文献   

18.
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in 16 samples collected from the lower reach (Changsha–Xiangtan–Zhuzhou section) of the Xiangjiang River in southern China were determined by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICPMS). Multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was used to analyze the analytical data and to identify possible pollution sources of heavy metals. The results showed that the eight studied heavy metals accumulated in the sediments from the lower Xiangjiang River, especially Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, which were 2.0–2.6, 1.7–2.6, 3.5–3.8, 3.2–3.6 and 189.5–152.8 times the soil trace element background for Hunan Province and UCC background values, respectively. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis, coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, revealed that the sediments from lower Xiangjiang River were mainly influenced by two sources: Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb mainly originated from industrial sources, whereas Mn was derived from both industrial and natural sources, but mainly from natural sources due to weathering and erosion.  相似文献   

19.
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Fe) in sediments of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated to evaluate levels of contamination and their potential sources. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in the source regions of the river basin. Relatively high concentrations of metals, except Cr, were found in the Sichuan Basin, and the highest concentrations were in the Xiangjiang and Shun’anhe rivers. All concentrations, except Ni, were higher than global averages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were derived mainly from the exploitation of various multi-metal minerals, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Cu, Co, and Fe were derived mainly from natural weathering (erosion). Cr and Ni were derived mainly from agricultural activities, municipal and industrial wastewater. Sediment pollution was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Among the ten heavy metals assessed, Cd and Pb had the highest I geo values, followed by Cu, As, Zn, and Hg. The I geo values of Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni were <0 in all sediments. EF provided similar information to I geo: no enrichment was found for Cr, Co, and Ni. Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were relatively enriched at some sites while Cd and Pb showed significant enrichment.  相似文献   

20.
A complete record derived from a core dated both by 210Pb and 137Cs chronologies from Lake Ngoring at the headwater areas of the Yellow River provides new insight into the changing atmospheric deposition of trace metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. This study showed that there was an inflection in the early 1960s, before which both fluxes and contents of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn remained relatively steady or slowly increased, and thereafter continued increases both in fluxes and contents were found. Taking Pb as an example, the flux increased from 0.13 (before 1960) to 0.25 mg m?2 a?1 (averaged 1963–2006). According to atmospheric flux calculations using Al as a reference element, atmospheric fluxes of trace metals generally showed a rapid increase and peaked in recent years, closely following the historical economic development of the neighboring region, mainly for Qinghai and Gansu provinces. The atmospheric inventory for Zn was the highest, reaching 1.068 g m?2, while the lowest was for Cd, at only 0.079 gm?2. The percentage proportions of atmospheric deposition for Cd, Ni, and Zn were 37, 12, and 8.7 %, respectively. Hence, the atmospheric contribution to the trace metal content via long range transport is not negligible when considering input of materials to lake ecosystems.  相似文献   

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