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1.
旋回地层学和天文年代学及其在中生代的研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地质年代的精确确定是我们认识地球演化历史和过程的关键,而如何提高地质年代的精度却一直是个尚待解决的科学难题。最近30年多年来,基于古气候学研究的天文旋回理论获得了普遍认可和广泛应用,尤其是成功应用于天文地质年代校准中。这种数字定年方法是通过天文调谐获得连续的高分辨率的地质年代,是对传统地质定年方法如古生物、古地磁以及放射性同位素测年方法的一次革新。最新的国际地质年表The Geologic Time Scale 2012(简称GTS2012)中经过天文校准的地质年代已近100％覆盖了新生代,而中生代的天文年代校准还存在着很大挑战。目前应用稳定的405 ka的偏心率长周期对中生代地层进行天文地质年代校准,是国际地质年表从GTS2004到GTS2012的一个最大改进。文中将主要介绍天文旋回的基础理论和其在中生代的应用及其研究现状。 相似文献
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本文通过对辽西朝阳地区含鸟化石层附近侏罗-白垩系蓝旗组、土城子组、义县组地层共1252块古地磁样吕的测试与分析，建立了以上沉积地层的磁极性序列，发现蓝旗组、土城子组地层的磁极性序列具有频繁的正、反极性、而义县组则为单一正极性，结合现有古生物和同位素年龄资料，对比国际中生代地磁极性年表，表明土城子组的磁极性序列相当于提塘期、基末里期、牛津期和卡洛期，其主体的地质时代应属晚侏罗世（J3），土城子组底部的地质时代应属中侏罗世（J2)；并且根据义县组含鸟化石层以上层位的磁性地层研究结果，认为义县组含鸟化石的正极性带可与M16正极性时相对应，义县组含鸟类化石层的时代应属早白垩世早期，辽西白垩系/侏罗系界线很有可能位于义县组/土城子组之间。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西北缘古近系磁性年代研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对青藏高原北部柴达木盆地西北缘红三旱地区古近系高精度的磁性地层研究表明,下干柴沟组的磁极性带对应标准地磁极性年表C16n-C18极性时,相应的磁性年代为大于40 Ma至35.5 Ma,其地质时代属于始新世早、中期;上干柴沟组的磁极性带对应C8.2n-C15极性时,相应的磁性年代为35.5～26.5 Ma,地层的地质时代属于始新世晚期和渐新世早、中期.上、下干柴沟组的界线位于C16n顶部,其年代约为35.5Ma.上干柴沟组顶部的砂砾岩或砾岩层,以及沉积速率的大幅增加可能是该地区在27.9～26.5 Ma期间规模隆升的结果. 相似文献
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运用磁性地层学研究岩石单元磁性特征,是一种有效的地层对比方法。上马剖面按地层序列磁性特征的分异把磁极性一致或极性反向频率大致相当的区段组合在一起,由此划分了３３个磁性地层极性带,３个极性亚超带,２个极性超带,可与国际标准磁极性年表对比。 相似文献
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川西高原东南部边界带内侧沪定大渡河西岸的海子坪,在高出大渡河水面约920m的谷肩上保存着一套厚约411 m的昔格达组河湖相地层。磁性地层初步研究表明,以距顶深度386.0m处为界,以上为高斯正向极性带,以下为吉尔伯特反向极性带。对比Cande和Kent的极性年表,沪定昔格达组的年代约4.29～2.60 Ma BP,地质时代应属上新世中、晚期。将沪定昔格达组与高原边界带外侧的汉源昔格达组进行对比,地层中记录的松山反向极性时与高斯正向极性时界面分别处于海拔2220 m和1040 m左右,两者之间的高为1180 m,这应是2.6 Ma BP以来川西高原东南部边界带两侧地块相对隆升的结果。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西北缘古近系磁性年代研究进展 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
对青藏高原北部柴达木盆地西北缘红三旱地区古近系高精度的磁性地层研究表明，下干柴沟组的磁极性带对应标准地磁极性年表C16n-C18极性时，相应的磁性年代为大于40Ma至35．5Ma，其地质时代属于始新世早、中期；上干柴沟组的磁极性带对应C8.2N-c15极性时，相应的磁性年代为35．5～26．5Ma，地层的地质时代属于始新世晚期和渐新世早、中期。上、下干柴沟组的界线位于C16n顶部，其年代约为35．5Ma。上干柴沟组顶部的砂砾岩或砾岩层，以及沉积速率的大幅增加可能是该地区在27．9～26．5Ma期间规模隆升的结果。 相似文献
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通过对昆明滇池湖盆三个钻孔较密集的古地磁采样和系统的测量,获得了该区沉积500余米厚新生代地层的较为完整的磁极性剖面。自上至下测定出了三个极性带(布容、松山、高斯)。在松山反极性带内判别出了4个极性亚带(贾拉米洛、滇池、奥杜威、留泥汪);高斯正极性带内判别出了2个极性亚带(凯纳、猛犸);布容正极性带内分辨出了6~9个短暂的地磁极性变化。根据本文研究结果,参考孢粉、介形虫,腹足类化石及碳14测年资料,对照国际地磁极性年表,确定出滇池湖盆晚新生代地层包括了整个第四系和上新统晚期部分,并对该套地层进行了具体的划分和粗略的对比。 相似文献
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旱峡剖面新民堡群的古地磁学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据岩石剩磁测试资料所反映的古地磁场极性变化特征,甘肃玉门旱峡剖面原先厘定为下白垩统的新民堡群包括7个正向极性亚时带和7个反向极性亚时带。通过与国际中生代极性年表和深海沉积物极性年表的对比,新民堡群实际上可分为两个地层单位:以第三个反向极性亚时带为界(从下往上数),下部层段属于上侏罗说(厚约460m),上部层段属下白垩统(厚约636m)。剖面玄武岩脉的喷溢时代应早于中新世,晚于旱白垩世,分为两期岩浆活动。 相似文献
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泥盆-石炭纪过渡期是地球演化过程中的一个重要阶段,发生了地球气候系统从温室向冰室转型和生物灭绝等重大事件。准确且高分辨率的年代格架是理解这些事件的基础。本文利用高分辨率磁化率作为古气候替代指标,对贵州省长顺县睦化Ⅱ剖面和大坡上剖面以及广西壮族自治区南丹县度里剖面的泥盆-石炭系界线附近深水沉积序列进行旋回地层学研究。识别出受到短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的沉积旋回厚度分别为1.092.39、0.290.73、0.180.51 m。利用轨道短偏心率进行天文校准,结果证实泥盆纪晚期短偏心率、斜率、岁差周期分别为约100、32.227.2和20.915 ka。利用大坡上剖面已知的U-Pb放射性同位素年龄和天文校准结果建立高精度浮动天文年代标尺并进行旋回地层对比。确定了泥盆-石炭系界线附近牙形类生物带和Hangenberg生物灭绝事件的持续时间,并计算出泥盆-石炭系界线年龄为(359.58±1.9) Ma。 相似文献
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André Strasser 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2007,100(3):407-429
Detailed investigation of facies and sedimentary structures reveals that, during the Middle Oxfordian to Late Kimmeridgian,
the shallow carbonate platform of the Swiss and French Jura Mountains recorded high-frequency sea-level fluctuations quite
faithfully. The cyclostratigraphic analysis within the established biostratigraphic and sequence-chronostratigraphic framework
implies that the resulting hierarchically stacked depositional sequences formed in tune with the orbital cycles of precession
(20 kyr) and eccentricity (100 and 400 kyr). The astronomical time scale presented here is based on the correlation of 19
platform sections and 4 hemipelagic sections from south-eastern France where good biostratigraphic control is available. The
cyclostratigraphic interpretation suggests that the interval between sequence boundaries Ox4 and Kim1 (early Middle Oxfordian
to earliest Kimmeridgian) lasted 3.2 myr and that the Kimmeridgian sensu gallico has a duration of 3.2 to 3.3 myr. The astronomical time scale proposed here is compared to time scales established by other
authors in other regions and the discrepancies are discussed. Despite these discrepancies, there is a potential to estimate
the durations of ammonite zones and depositional sequences more precisely and to better evaluate the rates of sedimentary,
ecological and diagenetic processes.
Editorial handling: Hanspeter Funk, Helmut Weissert, Stefan Bucher 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1345-1352
One of the clocks that record the Earth history is(quasi-) periodic astronomical cycles.These cycles influence the climate that can be ultimately stored in sedimentary rocks.By cracking these(quasi-) periodic sedimentation signals,high resolution astronomical time scale(ATS) can be obtained.Paleoclimate proxies are widely used to extract astronomical cycles.However different proxies may respond differently to astronomical signals and nonastronomical noises including tectonics,diagenesis,and measurement error among others.Astronomical time scale constructed based on a single proxy where its signal-to-noise ratio is low may have uncertainty that is difficult to evaluate but can be revealed by utilizing other proxies.Here,we test eight astronomical age models using two astrochro no logical methods from four paleoclimate proxies(i.e.,color reflection L~* and b~*,natural gamma radiation,and bulk density) from the Turonian to the Coniacian of the Cretaceous Period at the Demerara Rise in the equatorial Atlantic.The two astrochronological methods are time calibration using long eccentricity bandpass filtering(E1 bandpass) and tracking the long eccentricity from evolutive harmonic analysis(tracking EHA).The statistical mean and standard deviation of four age models from the four proxies are calculated to construct one integrated age model with age uncertainty in each method.Results demonstrate that extracting astronomical signals from multiple paleoclimate proxies is a valid method to estimate age model uncertainties.Anchored at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary with an age of 93.9 ± 0.15 Ma from biostratigraphy,the ages for CC11/CC12(calcareous nannofossil zones),Turonian/Coniacian(CC12/CC13),CC13/CC14,and Coniacian/Santonian boundaries are 91.25±0.20 Ma,89.87±0.20 Ma,86.36±0.33 Ma,and 86.03±0.32 Ma in E1 bandpass method,compared with 91.17±0.36 Ma,89.74±0.38 Ma,86.13±1.31 Ma,and 85.80±1.33 Ma respectively in tracking EHA method.These results are consistent with previous studies within error and provide a reliable estimation of uncertainties of the ages. 相似文献
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华南中生代构造演化过程的多地质要素约束——湘东南及湘粤赣边区中生代地质研究的启示 总被引：18，自引：11，他引：18
目前对华南内陆中生代构造环境与演化过程的认识存在分歧,一定程度上与对多种地质要素的综合研究不够有关。笔者研究认识到湘东南及湘粤赣边区中生代不同构造阶段发育不同的代表性地质要素,并分别指示不同的构造环境。早三叠世-中三叠世早期为前造山阶段,主要发育海相沉积。中三叠世后期-中侏罗世初为陆内造山阶段,其中中三叠世后期发生强烈陆内汇聚挤压,形成的主要地质要素是NNE向的逆冲断裂与褶皱,以及NW向的基底走滑断裂等;中三叠世末-晚三叠世后期为同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境,形成的主要地质要素是印支期强过铝花岗岩;晚三叠世末-早侏罗世为同造山上隆伸展环境,形成的主要地质要素是裂陷盆地与拉斑玄武岩;中侏罗世初期为挤压环境,形成的主要地质要素是山前冲断收缩盆地及盆地边缘的逆冲断裂。中侏罗世早期-晚侏罗世为后造山阶段,形成的主要地质要素是大量后造山花岗岩以及与花岗岩相关的大量有色金属矿床。白垩纪为陆内裂谷阶段,形成的代表性地质要素有AA型花岗岩、大量陆相红色断陷盆地、基性火山岩、双峰式次火山岩等。结合上述成果和区域资料,提出应通过多种地质要素综合研究华南地区中生代构造演化过程,注意构造环境判别的地质要素代表性、地质要素时限性以及构造发展过程的关联性。 相似文献
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Metre‐scale cycles are a common feature in Precambrian and Phanerozoic shallow water carbonate successions, and astronomically forced changes in sea‐level (Milankovitch cycles) may have been an important driver controlling their deposition. Nevertheless, the degree to which potentially low amplitude astronomically paced sea‐level oscillations may have controlled carbonate accumulation in deep time is unclear. In this study, a stochastic model of carbonate accumulation demonstrates how metre‐scale exposure‐bound sequences can be generated under conditions of random sea‐level change. These sequences have characteristic durations close to Milankovitch cycles, despite the absence of any astronomical control on their formation. Metre‐scale sequences with sub‐Milankovitch (millennial‐scale) durations can also be generated by the model, potentially shedding light on the origin of sub‐Milankovitch sequences such as those recorded on the Middle Triassic Latemar platform of Northern Italy. Sensitivity tests demonstrate how shallow water carbonates may be very sensitive to weak (i.e. low amplitude) astronomically forced sea‐level oscillations. Notably, strong statistical evidence (P < 0·01) for astronomical cycles can be preserved in modelled successions even when astronomical forcing contributes <1% of the sea‐level variance on million year timescales. Taken together, metre‐scale cycles with Milankovitch‐scale durations in ancient carbonate successions may reveal very little about the amplitude, or even the existence, of astronomical forcing as a sea‐level driver. 相似文献
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旋回地层学是利用已知的地球轨道天文周期, 对地层记录的周期性变化进行识别、解释的地层学新兴分支学科。在过去近30年, 旋回地层学研究取得了一系列重要进展, 对于认识地质历史时期的气候变化、重大地质事件的天文驱动、天文运行规律等诸多科学问题做出了重要贡献;同时, 基于此研究建立的天文年代标尺, 也成为一种新的高精度地质定年方法, 被应用于国际地质年代表的编制以及地表地质过程年代及持续时间的精确标定。然而, 全球旋回地层学研究主要集中在显生宙, 并以中、新生代最为详细。对于更早的占地球历史约7/8 的前寒武纪时期, 相关研究较少, 但一些新研究显示了可靠的天文沉积旋回可能存在的证据。因此, 前寒武纪有可能成为旋回地层学研究新的突破方向。中国华北克拉通北缘元古代地层沉积旋回非常发育, 具有开展旋回地层学研究的潜力。 相似文献
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The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (KPgB) was dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method herein from the western interior of North America at 65.48 ± 0.12 Ma (1σ), in good agreement with other recent published estimates. For the Deccan Traps, India, new argon ages as well as others available in the literature, are assessed for reliability based on (a) statistical reliability of plateau/isochron sections and (b) freshness of material dated utilizing the alteration index method. From tholeiitic lavas from the Composite Western Ghats Section (CWGS), only six ages are found to be reliable estimates of the time of crystallization. These ages along with the magnetic polarity of the lavas agree with the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) at ∼67–64 Ma. Alkaline rocks from the Anjar area of Kutch, provide three reliable ages that suggest a hiatus in lava extrusion around KPgB. For the Rajahmundry basalts, the upper flow’s age defines its formation during chron 29n; a single age from the lower reversed polarity flow appears somewhat dichotomous when plotted against the GPTS. The reliable lava ages indicate the most voluminous (reversed polarity) sections of the CWGS were extruded at a time statistically indistinguishable from that of the KPgB. The Deccan Trap – KPgB faunal extinction hypothesis remains plausible, but must compete with the latest report, favoring a very close temporal connection (∼0.03 m.y.) between the Chixculub (Impact) Crater and the KPgB. 相似文献
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High resolution(939 samples)total organic carbon content(TOC)analyses were conducted on the Shuanghe Section of^152.6 m in the Changning area,Sichuan Basin.The sampling section was divided into two units considering the distinct-different deposit environment and sediments accumulation rate.The lower part(Unit 1)and the peer part(Unit 2)with high resolution sample spacing(0.08–0.4 m)enables the identification of the precession cycle in two sedimentary sequences with distinct different sedimentary accumulation rate.MTM Power spectral analyses on untuned TOC series reveals significant peaks exceeding above the 95%confidence level and shows that both Unit 1 and Unit 2 have recorded Milankovitch cycles of 405 kyr long eccentricity,short eccentricity,obliquity and precession.The floating astronomical time scale(ATS)was constructed on the Shuanghe Section in the Early Silurian(~439.673–444.681 Ma),and which was calibrated by 405 kyr long eccentricity cycles.The total duration of the Wufeng and Longmaxi shales is 5.01 Myr.The floating ATS used for estimating the duration of the graptolite zones and each stage in the study interval.Finally,we postulated two models that could verify the linkage between orbital cycle and organic accumulation.To make sure whether productivity or preservation is the main factor that under long eccentricity control,the phase correlation between the obtained filtered signal and the theoretical orbital solution should be made clear in the further research. 相似文献
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Planktonic foraminifera are widely utilized for the biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Cenozoic marine sediments and are a fundamental component of Cenozoic chronostratigraphy. The recent enhancements in deep sea drilling recovery, multiple coring and high resolution sampling both offshore and onshore, has improved the planktonic foraminiferal calibrations to magnetostratigraphy and/or modified species ranges. This accumulated new information has allowed many of the planktonic foraminiferal bioevents of the Cenozoic to be revised and the planktonic foraminiferal calibrations to be reassessed. We incorporate these developments and amendments into the existing biostratigraphic zonal scheme.In this paper we present an amended low-latitude (tropical and subtropical) Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation. We compile 187 revised calibrations of planktonic foraminiferal bioevents from multiple sources for the Cenozoic and have incorporated these recalibrations into a revised Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biochronology. We review and synthesize these calibrations to both the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) of the Cenozoic and astronomical time scale (ATS) of the Neogene and late Paleogene. On the whole, these recalibrations are consistent with the previous work; however, in some cases, they have led to major adjustments to the duration of biochrons. Recalibrations of the early–middle Eocene first appearance datums of Globigerinatheka kugleri, Hantkenina singanoae, Guembelitrioides nuttalli and Turborotalia frontosa have resulted in large changes in the durations of Biochrons E7, E8 and E9. We have introduced (upper Oligocene) Zone O7 utilizing the biostratigraphic utility of ‘Paragloborotalia’ pseudokugleri. For the Neogene Period, major revisions are applied to the fohsellid lineage of the middle Miocene and we have modified the criteria for recognition of Zones M7, M8 and M9, with additional adjustments regarding the Globigerinatella lineage to Zones M2 and M3. The revised and recalibrated datums provide a major advance in biochronologic resolution and a template for future progress of the Cenozoic time scale. 相似文献