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1.
We present a new model for the evolution of volcanic table mountains, based on volcanological and petrological studies of Herdubreid/Herdubreidartögl, an upper Pleistocene volcanic complex within the active Icelandic rift zone. The evolution of these table mountains is highly complex and influenced substantially by different eruptive environments as well as changing magma sources and volcanic and magmatic processes. Whereas current models imply entirely subglacial conditions and continuous compositional (“monogenetic”) evolution for these volcanoes, we subdivide their evolution into four eruptive periods characterized by different environments: (a) Subaerial lava flows erupted during an interglacial period. (b) Lavas and voluminous hydroclastic deposits formed in a lake during a waning period of the last glaciation. (c) Subglacial eruptions during thickening of the ice sheet as a result of a climatic deterioration built pillow lava piles overlain by steep-sided complexes of hydroclastic deposits. These deposits differ from those of the second eruptive period in structure, texture, and degree of alteration. Subaerial lava flows and agglutinates covered these deposits after buildup above the ice sheet. (d) Subaerial lava flows and fallout deposits during a postglacial period. The detailed analysis of volcanic table mountains appears to be a very sensitive indicator of climatic fluctuations. Although most deposits of the studied volcanoes were formed during the waning period of the last glaciation, the subglacial deposits in the upper part of the volcanic complex reflect a temporary, but major, thickening of the ice sheet.  相似文献   

2.
The Lower Cretaceous geological record of the intracratonic Paraná Basin in southern Brazil comprises a thick succession of aeolian sandstones and volcanic rocks. The intercalation between aeolian sandstone and volcanic floods allowed the preservation of distinct aeolian genetic units. Each genetic unit represents an accumulation episode, bounded by supersurfaces, that coincides with the base of lava flood events. The entire package can be subdivided into a Lower Genetic Unit, which corresponds to aeolian sandstones preserved below the initial lava flows (Botucatu Formation), and an upper set of genetic units, which comprises interlayered aeolian deposits and lava floods (Serra Geral Formation). The Lower Genetic Unit is up to 100 m thick. Its base is composed of ephemeral stream and aeolian sand sheet deposits that are overlain by cross‐bedded sandstones whose origin is ascribed to simple, locally composite, crescentic and complex linear aeolian dunes. Aeolian accumulation of the lower unit was possible as a result of the existence of a wide topographic basin, which caused wind deceleration, and a large sand availability that promoted a positive net sediment flux. The Upper Genetic Units comprise isolated sand bodies that occur in two different styles: (1) thin lenses (<3 m thick) formed by aeolian sand sheets; and (2) thick sand lenses (3–15 m) comprising cross‐bedded cosets generated by migration and climbing of simple to locally composite crescentic aeolian dunes. Accumulation of the aeolian strata was associated with wind deceleration within depressions on the irregular upper surface of the lava floods. The interruption of sedimentation in the Lower and Upper Genetic Units, and related development of supersurfaces, occurred as a result of widespread effusions of basaltic lava. Preservation of both wind‐rippled topset deposits of the aeolian dunes and pahoehoe lava imprints indicates that lava floods covered active aeolian dunes and, hence, protected the aeolian deposits from erosion, thus preserving the genetic units.  相似文献   

3.
大兴安岭中部哈拉哈河-绰尔河第四纪火山区分布有34座火山,这些火山总体呈北东向带状分布,火山岩分布面积约400 km2,岩性主要为碱性橄榄玄武岩.根据火山地质特征,结合火山岩K-Ar测年结果,哈拉哈河-绰尔河第四纪火山可进一步划分为早、中、晚更新世和全新世4期.早更新世火山岩,由于被后期火山岩覆盖,主要分布于火山区周边和出露在河谷中.中更新世火山活动最强,不论火山数量(27座)还是熔岩流规模都超过该区第四纪火山的一半以上.晚更新世时期火山活动趋弱,火山活动范围缩小,只局限于小范围区域.全新世火山活动又进入新的高峰期,强爆破式喷发和规模宏大的熔岩流,以及保存完好的熔岩流地貌是全新世火山之特点.  相似文献   

4.
松辽盆地改造残留的古火山机构与现代火山机构的类比分析   总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17  
现代火山机构形态有盾状、锥状和穹状,可按喷发样式进一步划分为7种类型。据此分类,在松辽盆地周缘剖面及其北部徐家围子断陷区可识别出4类火山机构：盾状火山机构,由喷溢相熔岩组成,可夹有薄层爆发相火山碎屑岩;层火山机构,由互层的熔岩与火山碎屑岩组成,喷溢相与爆发相交替的序列明显;火山碎屑锥,几乎全部由火山碎屑（熔）岩组成,爆发相为主;熔岩穹丘由高粘度的流纹质、英安质熔岩堵塞火山口后缓慢挤出形成,喷溢相和侵出相发育,兼有火山通道相。盆地内埋藏火山机构最小坡度为3°,最大坡度为25°,底部直径为2～14 km,分布面积为4～50 km2,火山岩厚度为100～600 m;总体上呈现出数目多、个体规模小、受区域大断裂控制、具裂隙式-多中心喷发、彼此相互叠置的特征。火山岩岩性和岩相是控制松辽盆地古火山机构类型及形态的主要因素。  相似文献   

5.
Mapping of heavy mineral associations and diagnostic accessories in Oligocene sediments of the eastern Ebro Basin has revealed two major provinces and several sub-provinces. The Pyrenean Province is characterized by an apatite-tourmaline-garnet association with diagnostic staurolite in the west (western Pyrenean Sub-Province) and micaceous composite grains plus chloritoid in the east (eastern Pyrenean Sub-Province). The Catalanides Province is characterized by an ultrastable angular brown tourmaline-staurolite association with kyanite in the south-west (Montsant Sub-Province), faceted garnets and rounded tourmalines in an intermediate position (St Miquel del Montclar Sub-Province) and in the north-east rounded and green tourmalines admixed with clinopyroxene, apatite and micas derived from the Pyrenees (Montserrat Sub-Province). Palaeodischarges have been estimated from 30 channels distributed throughout both major provinces. A gradual decrease in river discharge through Oligocene times is indicated for the rivers of Catalanides parentage, although the discharges of high-sinuosity streams alone remain uniform. This decrease through time of Catalanides drainage competitiveness is reflected in the greater areal extent of the Pyrenean petrological province together with a progressive displacement south or south-eastwards of basinal lacustrine facies. The increasing dominance of Pyrenean drainage during the Oligocene may be due to more prolonged tectonic activity in the Pyrenees compared to the more quiescent Catalanides.  相似文献   

6.
松辽盆地白垩系营城组古火山机构特征   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  
在系统总结Hawaiian等7种喷发方式、互层状火山等3种火山机构的岩性岩相和垂向序列特征与识别标志基础上,通过剖面火山机构剖析及其与盆内埋藏火山机构对比,总结出营城组2类古火山机构特征。营城组玄武岩火山机构自下而上为枕状、渣状集块熔岩（占总厚度30%）,气孔杏仁和致密块状熔岩（70%）,喷溢相为主,火山口附近隐爆角砾岩发育,为夏威夷式喷发。火山机构厚度以200~500 m居多,顶面盾状,相对高差100~250 m,以坡角小于10°为特征,属于盾状火山。营城组流纹岩火山机构的纵向序列300~700 m,内部结构呈现上中下三段式：下部火山碎屑（熔）岩为主（30%）,爆发相为主,以基浪（base surge）沉积为标志,喷发方式主要表现为高粘度岩浆强烈气射作用的培雷式喷发;中部主要为气孔、石泡和流纹构造流纹岩（60%）,构成火山机构的主体,喷溢相为主,火山口附近常见侵出相珍珠岩穹隆,喷发类型接近于斯通博利式;上部主要为细粒（层）凝灰岩（火山灰湖相沉积,10%）,爆发相为主,以普林尼式喷发为主。流纹岩火山机构顶面呈丘状,相对高差200~300 m,以坡角多大于15°为特征,属于互层状火山。  相似文献   

7.
Neogene to Quaternary volcanic/magmatic activity in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (CPR) occurred between 21 and 0.1 Ma with a distinct migration in time from west to east. It shows a diverse compositional variation in response to a complex interplay of subduction with rollback, back-arc extension, collision, slab break-off, delamination, strike-slip tectonics and microplate rotations, as well as in response to further evolution of magmas in the crustal environment by processes of differentiation, crustal contamination, anatexis and magma mixing. Since most of the primary volcanic forms have been affected by erosion, especially in areas of post-volcanic uplift, based on the level of erosion we distinguish: (1) areas eroded to the basement level, where paleovolcanic reconstruction is not possible; (2) deeply eroded volcanic forms with secondary morphology and possible paleovolcanic reconstruction; (3) eroded volcanic forms with remnants of original morphology preserved; and (4) the least eroded volcanic forms with original morphology quite well preserved. The large variety of volcanic forms present in the area can be grouped in a) monogenetic volcanoes and b) polygenetic volcanoes and their subsurface/intrusive counterparts that belong to various rock series found in the CPR such as calc-alkaline magmatic rock-types (felsic, intermediate and mafic varieties) and alkalic types including K-alkalic, shoshonitic, ultrapotassic and Na-alkalic. The following volcanic/subvolcanic forms have been identified: (i) domes, shield volcanoes, effusive cones, pyroclastic cones, stratovolcanoes and calderas with associated intrusive bodies for intermediate and basic calclkaline volcanism; (ii) domes, calderas and ignimbrite/ash-flow fields for felsic calc-alkaline volcanism and (iii) dome flows, shield volcanoes, maars, tuffcone/tuff-rings, scoria-cones with or without related lava flow/field and their erosional or subsurface forms (necks/ plugs, dykes, shallow intrusions, diatreme, lava lake) for various types of K- and Na-alkalic and ultra-potassic magmatism. Finally, we provide a summary of the eruptive history and distribution of volcanic forms in the CPR using several sub-region schemes.  相似文献   

8.
火山岩顶、底地层中的微古化石组合研究表明:塔河油田火山岩的形成时代为二叠纪。岩石学、岩相学、地球物理测井与地震学综合研究结果显示,火山岩主要为英安岩和玄武岩。存在两次火山喷发旋回,形成下部玄武岩、上部英安岩或单一英安岩的垂向火山喷发序列。玄武岩呈带状分布于研究区西部和南部古地貌低洼区,以上平下凸的透镜状河谷充填式地震反射为特点;英安岩分布于北部及东北部地区,以下平上凸的丘形反射形态为特征。可划分出火山爆发相、火山溢流相和火山沉积相3个岩相带。火山爆发相位于火山喷发中心地带,研究区以火山熔岩溢流相为主,火山沉积相布范围局限,位于岩体边缘。火山活动具有喷发频率低、间隔时间短、以宁静的溢流式喷发为主间或伴随较强烈的爆发式喷发为特点。火山活动喷发中心可能是由西南逐渐向东北方向迁移的。  相似文献   

9.
The Nordic countries (known as 'Norden') are not immediately associated with volcanoes: Norway with folded mountains cut by fjords and its offshore oil and gas deposits, Sweden and Finland by the western part of the Baltic shield, a huge area of Precambrian rocks, of which gneisses form a large part, and Denmark, a country of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks, where glacial, superficial deposits are of major importance. But Norden also includes Iceland, where everyone immediately thinks of volcanoes and glaciers. Clearly volcanological research would be expected to be a major priority for the Icelandic nation. However, in the other Nordic countries old volcanic and other igneous rocks play a significant role, comprising a large part of the Precambrian and Caledonian terrains and being a key to many of the commercial mineral deposits which play a major role in the economies of Norway, Sweden and Finland. Even Denmark, a country of sedimentary rocks has an impressive sequence of Paleogene volcanic ashes and the Faeroe Islands, made up almost entirely of basalts, are part of Denmark.  相似文献   

10.
Gabal Abu Had is an exposure of a volcanosedimentary succession in the North Eastern Desert Basement Complex. This succession includes intercalation of two major rock units, which are Dokhan Volcanics and Hammamat Group with different styles of formation, deposition environments, and genesis. Gabal Abu Had succession (GHS) is a northward dipping, c. 700-m-thick volcanosedimentary succession that rests on metavolcanic and old granitoid rocks with erosion unconformity. The lower part of GHS is dominated by volcaniclastic mass flow deposits and andesitic lava with interbedded gravely sandstone, whereas the upper sequence is composed of pyroclastic flow deposits including welded to no welded ignimbrite intercalated with gravely sandstone and massive clast-support conglomerate toward the top. Facies analysis study of GHS presented eight lithofacies types, which grouped into five lithofacies associations. The GHS basin started with effusive eruption of silica-poor volcanic center, which produced andesitic lava. A part of lava underwent hyaloclastic fragmentation due to the presence of fluvial water in places producing the volcaniclastic mass flow deposits. Later, an explosive silica-rich volcanic center affected the GHS basin and created the pyroclastic plain deposits (ignimbrite and bedded tuff). The fluvial braided river is still in action since the first eruption, producing gravely sandstone, which is intercalated with the volcanic sequence. The upper GHS is characterized by thick, massive, and clast-supported conglomerate (well rounded clasts up to 100 cm) of alluvial fan facies. Several silica-rich and silica-poor subvolcanic intrusions were emplaced in the GHS. The GHS development displays a cycle from low- to high-energy sedimentation under humid climatic conditions, in addition to extension and down faulting of basin shoulders. In comparison with Gabal El Urf, located to the north of GHS and was studied by El-Gameel (2010), the GHS is a lava-rich succession rather than Gabal El Urf succession which is mainly pyroclastic rich.  相似文献   

11.
The Athesian Volcanic District (AVD), a thick sequence of andesitic to rhyolitic lava and ignimbrite, overlies both the Variscan basement of the Dolomites and, where present, the continental basal conglomerate of Upper Carboniferous(?) to Early Permian age. This volcanic activity is known to mark the margin of the intra-Pangea megashear system between Gondwana and Laurasia, the onset age of which is determined in this study.SHRIMP U-Pb dating on zircon from Ponte Gardena/Waidbruck (Isarco/Eisack valley) basaltic andesite yields an age of 290.7 ± 3 Ma, providing the oldest record of andesite volcanic activity yet documented in the AVD. Two younger dates (279.9 ± 3.3 and 278.6 ± 3.1 Ma) obtained for the andesitic necks of M. dei Ginepri (Eores/Aferer valley) and Col Quaternà (western Comelico), respectively, probably represent a second pulse of andesite magmatic activity.Near Chiusa/Klausen, the volcanoclastic deposits at the bottom of the Funes/Villnöss valley volcano-sedimentary complex only contain detrital zircons, dated at 469 ± 6 Ma; these probably derive from erosion of Paleozoic porphyroids. Other zircons from the same sediments and inherited cores of magmatic andesite crystals give Paleoproterozoic (1953.6 ± 22.1, 1834.6 ± 69.3, 1773.6 ± 25.1 Ma), Early Neoproterozoic (1015 ± 14 Ma) and Late Neoproterozoic (728.4 ± 9.6, 687.6 ± 7.6 Ma) ages. These ancient detrital and inherited zircon ages fit the model that envisages the Dolomite region as being tectonically coherent with Africa, at least until the Lower Permian.  相似文献   

12.
白志达  张进奎  史志伟  李天元 《岩石学报》2020,36(11):3257-3264
辉腾锡勒火山群位于内蒙古中部卓资县、察哈尔右翼中旗和后旗交界处的高山草原区。处于中国东部大同-阿尔山-诺敏河第四纪火山喷发带南段。火山群坐落在太古宙变质岩系、二叠纪花岗岩和新近纪汉诺坝玄武岩之上。平面上呈低洼的菱形台地，四周为山地，总面积约260km2。因上覆在汉诺坝玄武岩台地之上，故以往将其误归为新近纪汉诺坝玄武岩。火山群内发育近百座火山，大多数火山形貌保存基本完整。火山产物主要为一套碱性橄榄玄武岩，次为不同成因的火山碎屑物（岩）。碱性玄武岩覆盖在晚更新世坡积物和黄土之上。火山活动的时代主体为晚更新世，可进一步分为早、中、晚三期。早期为裂隙-中心式喷发，火口已剥蚀殆尽；中期主要形成"地池式"和玛珥式火山，火山形貌较完整，火口呈特征的圆形或椭圆形，大部分积水成湖，当地习称"九十九眼泉"或"海子"。晚期以熔浆的溢流为主，形成结构完整的盾片状火山。火山活动经历了沿裂隙的喷溢到中心式弱爆发、溢流-射汽岩浆爆发-溢流再到溅落堆积的演化过程。辉腾锡勒火山群是在新近纪汉诺坝玄武岩台地上新解体确定的第四纪火山群，这为研究蒙古高原南部地壳深部结构及其活动性提供了又一天然窗口，对了解新构造活动、环境及灾害预警研究都具有重要的理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

13.
Several basaltic lava flows have been identified in the study area in and around Linga, in the Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province (EDVP) on the basis of distinctly developed structural zones defined by primary volcanic structures such as columnar joints and vesicles. These basaltic lava flows are spatially distributed in four different sectors, viz., (i) Bargona–Gadarwara (BG) sector (ii) Shikarpur–Linga (SL) sector (iii) Arjunvari–Survir Hill (AS) sector and (iv) Kukrachiman–Morand Hill (KM) sector. A three-tier classification scheme has been adopted for the characterization and classification of individual lava flows. Each lava flow consists of a Lower Colonnade Zone (LCZ) overlain by the Entablature Zone (EZ) and Upper Colonnade Zone (UCZ). The LCZ and UCZ grade into a distinct/indistinct Lower Vesicular Zone (LVZ) and Upper Vesicular Zone (UVZ), respectively. The LCZ and UCZ of the flows are characterized by columnar joints while the EZ is marked by multi-directional hackly jointing. The geometry of different joint patterns corresponds to different styles of cooling during solidification of lava flows. Detailed petrographic studies of the investigated lava flows reveal inequigranular phenocrystal basalts characterized by development of phenocrystal phases including plagioclase, clinopyroxene and olivine, whereas groundmass composition is marked by tiny plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaque mineral and glass. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the olivine has a wide range ∼Fo22 to Fo66 revealing a wide spectrum of compositional variation. Pyroxene compositions are distinctly designated as Quad pyroxenes. Phenocrystal pyroxenes are mostly diopsidic, while the groundmass pyroxenes mainly correspond to augite with a minor pigeonite component. Pyroxene phenocrysts are characterized by a prominent Ti-enrichment. Phenocrystal plagioclase grains are calcic (An52.7–An72.9), whereas groundmass plagioclase are relatively sodic (An39.2–An61.6). Groundmass opaque minerals are characteristically found to be Ti–magnetite/ilmenite/pyrophanite. Pyroxene thermometry reveals a temperature span of 850°C to 1280°C for the studied lavas while olivine–clinopyroxene thermometry yields a temperature range from 1040°–1160°C. The variation of temperature for the lava flows is ascribed to their normal cooling history after eruption.  相似文献   

14.
A huge hydrothermal field, named the "Hakurei Sulfide Deposit" (HSD) was discovered in the North Myojin Rift (NMR), Izu–Bonin Back-Arc Rift (BAR) during the 2003 survey cruise of R/V Hakurei-maru No.2 . This paper investigates the geotectonic features and the tectonic setting of ore deposits between the NMR and the Hokuroku Basin, which is representative of kuroko fields in Japan. The topographic features of the NMR and the Hokuroku Basin are similar. Both have a clear ring structure surrounded by faults and the east–west width is almost the same. Many kuroko deposits were formed on the extrusion centers of the five pre-mineral acidic volcanic complexes, located in a loop inside the Hokuroku Basin. In the case of the NMR, seven submarine volcanoes are also located in a loop, and the HSD formed inside the summit caldera of Bayonnaise Knoll, which is one of the seven volcanoes. These topographic similarities highlight that the NMR is a modern analog of the Hokuroku Basin. Identifying such similarities is extremely useful when prospecting kuroko deposits on land equivalents as well as on the other segments of the Izu–Bonin BAR. The probability of finding kuroko deposits on land is expected to increase when the following are identified: (i) location of back-arc rift and the volcanic front; (ii) direction of the arc–trench system and intra-rift faults (and/or fracture zone); (iii) position of submarine volcanoes surrounding a back-arc rift; and (iv) intersections of a caldera fault and intra-rift fault (and/or fracture zone) inside the summit caldera of submarine volcanoes. Within these aforementioned points a ring structure, acidic volcanic complexes that circle the circuit and submarine calderas along the volcanic front, are an important indication of submarine hydrothermal deposits.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
The paper reports newly obtained stratigraphic, petrographic, and isotope-geochronological data on modern moderately acid lavas from the Keli Highland at the Greater Caucasus and presents a geological map of the territory, in which 35 volcanoes active in Late Quaternary time were documented by the authors. The total duration of volcanic activity at the highland was estimated at 250 ka. The volcanic activity was discrete and occurred in three phases: Middle Neopleistocene (245−170 ka), Late Neopleistocene (135−70 ka), and Late Neopleistocene-Holocene (<30 ka). Newly obtained lines of evidence indicate that certain volcanoes erupted in the latest Neopleistocene-Holocene. The first phase of volcanic activity was connected mainly with lava volcanoes, and eruptions during the later phases of volcanic activity in this part of the Greater Caucasus produced mainly lavas. The most significant eruptions are demonstrated to occur in the territory during the second phase. The major evolutionary trends of volcanic processes during the final phase in the Keli Highland are determined. It was also determined that the overwhelming majority of volcanoes that were active less than 30 ka B.P. are spatially restricted to long-liven local magmatic zones, which were active during either all three or only the final two phases of activity. These parts of the territory are, perhaps, the most hazardous in terms of volcanic activity.  相似文献   

17.
In this work, the Upper Eopleistocene coarse deposits of the Fore-Caucasus (containing 30–50% or more of gravel-pebble-boulder material), are discussed. These compose the Belorechenskaya and Novokubansk suites, Neberdzhai and Andree-Dmitrievskaya formations in the western Fore-Caucasus; the Lysogorskaya, Elkhotovskayaovskaya, Rukhs-Dzuar suites, the Kendzhinskaya and Seivenduk formations and their analogs in the eastern areas of the central Fore-Caucasus. The genesis of continental coarse deposits is regarded as mainly alluvial. These deposits are part of the Fore-Caucasus piedmont molasses, formed during two stages. At the first stage (late Miocene) coarse deposits of the Lysogorskaya suite formed in the eastern areas of the central Fore-Caucasus (modern Kabardin, Ossetian and Chechen depressions). At the second stage (late Pliocene-Eopleistocene) these formations deposited throughout the territory of the Fore-Caucasus, but the intensity of processes varied considerably in different areas. In the central Fore-Caucasus, compared with the western part, coeval deposits are coarser in texture; their thickness is several times greater. Study of the Late Miocene coarse molasses of late Eopleistocene of the Fore-Caucasus allows us to clarify the history of the formation of the Great Caucasus in the most intense periods of its development.  相似文献   

18.
Sweet 《Sedimentology》1999,46(1):171-187
The Permian Upper Rotliegend Group in offshore UK Quadrants 42, 43, 47 and 48 comprises a sequence of mixed aeolian/fluvial/playa deposits. These deposits are up to 300 m thick and contain a record of the interaction between desert fluvial systems and adjacent aeolian and playa environments. The relative dominance of water vs. wind transport and deposition in this stratigraphic package was a function of fluctuations in the discharge of ephemeral fluvial systems and changes in water table/playa level driven by a combination of climatic change and syndepositional tectonics. The Rotliegend sedimentary record is punctuated by numerous surfaces recording erosion by wind and water. The origin of these surfaces is mostly climatic, with periods of increased runoff resulting in fluvial incision, especially near active faults. During periods of reduced runoff, wind erosion of fluvial deposits occurred, with fluvially derived sand being reworked into expanding aeolian dune fields. Wind erosion also occurred as a rising water table isolated dunes from their sediment supply, resulting in deflation of dunes down to the water table. These surfaces formed in a basin that was subsiding. Thus, even in a background of overall increasing accommodation space, climatically driven falls in the water table allowed for periods of erosion. The occurrence of significant erosion, especially near syndepositional fault zones, resulted in a sedimentary record that shows pronounced lateral as well as vertical facies variations.  相似文献   

19.
云南腾冲大六冲火山机构的发现及意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
腾冲火山群位于我国云南省西部和缅甸交界处的腾冲县境内,是我国著名的第四纪火山群,既有黑空山、打鹰山、马鞍山等一系列晚第四纪新期火山,也有早更新世以来有过喷发活动的大六冲、余家大山、来凤山等老火山。其中,位于腾冲火山区中东部的大六冲山势高峻,其顶峰是本区内的最高峰。野外地质调查发现,大六冲山体由一系列巨厚层爆发相火山碎屑堆积物和少量溢流相熔岩类岩石构成,喷发物类型极其丰富。在大六冲最高峰以南约100m处,首次发现存在着一个直径超百米的火山通道,可能是区内早期火山喷发的主通道,火山颈、熔岩穹丘、岩墙、爆发相与溢出相堆积物构成了大六冲完整的火山机构,在其周边多处地方还发现了因山体岩石破碎后形成的垮塌和滑坡堆积物。大六冲火山机构及其滑塌物的发现,不仅可以解释腾冲火山区大范围分布的火山碎屑岩的来源,也为防治以后类似大规模喷发可能造成的次生地质灾害提供了理想的研究样本和未来灾害预警。  相似文献   

20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1150-1158
Lower and Middle Jurassic coal-bearing deposits occur in the western part of the region under consideration (the Irkutsk basin, the Trans -Baikalia depressions). Far to the east these are found only in the Upper Aldan basin. Upper Jurassic sediments are more widespread, occurring within the southern part of the Lena basin as well as in the Upper Aldan, Amur-Zeya and Bureya basins. The principal coal-forming stage dates back to the earlier Cretaceous; with this are associated most thick and productive strata of the Lena and Bureya basins as well as all coal-bearing strata of the Zyryansk, Suchansk and Suifansk basins. Age determinations of individual coal-bearing suites are chiefly based upon the study of plant remains and establishing leading paleofloristical complexes. At the present the complexes of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments are best known. ,The composition of one-age complexes varies with the movement from N to S conditioned by the then existing botanic-geographical zonality. — Auth. English summ.  相似文献   

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