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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):131-146
The numerical challenges that arise in modelling shear bands in soft sensitive (SS) clays have not yet been fully resolved. Convincing and well-accepted solutions have yet to be found. This paper presents some novel information related to the shear band phenomenon in SS clays. In this study, the hypothesis is that the generation and dissipation of excess pore pressure from shear bands could regularise the strain softening and result in a mesh independent shear band thickness. The generation and dissipation of excess pressure is modelled by a coupled consolidation process. The simulation aims at modelling two counteracting mechanisms in the SS clay. First, the shear band narrows because of strain softening. Second, the internal pore water pressure drainage reduces the rate of strain softening. This counteracting mechanism provides an inherent regularisation technique for SS clays. This study presents some numerical results involving these two counteracting mechanisms. This study also shows that an inherent internal parameter applicable for SS clays can be defined by the ratio between soil permeability and the applied strain rate. In the case of SS clays, the range of this parameter varies from 0 to 0.0002 mm. 相似文献
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为研究层状黏性土在静压桩沉桩过程中桩土界面孔隙水压力的分布规律,依托山东东营某桩基工程开展了现场足尺静压桩试验,分析了桩土界面孔隙水压力的变化规律,探讨了桩土界面超孔隙水压力的分布特征,明确了桩土界面孔隙水压力和超孔隙水压力的消散特性,并结合水力压裂理论和孔穴扩张理论,揭示了沉桩过程中桩土界面沿桩长方向超孔隙水压力的分布形式。试验结果表明：孔隙水压力、超孔隙水压力与土层性质密切相关,二者均在粉土层中增长较慢,在粉质黏土层中增长较快;在同一深度处,两者均存在明显的消散现象,在粉土中的消散程度明显大于粉质黏土中;采用水力压裂理论结合孔穴扩张理论计算的超孔隙水压力沿桩长方向的变化规律与试验值相吻合;桩身贯入深度越大,超孔隙水压力理论计算值与现场实测值越接近。 相似文献
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《工程地质学报》2016,24(5):732-740
特大型近水平崩坡积层滑坡广泛发育于三峡库区重庆段万州城区及云阳地区。基于万州城区太白岩古滑坡以及云阳地区老药铺滑坡两个典型特大型近水平崩坡积层滑坡,分析了其结构特征及破坏特点;建立了强降雨作用下特大型近水平崩坡积层滑坡破坏的力学模型,解译了此类滑坡的破坏过程,并提出了滑带（面）超孔隙水压力是此类滑坡破坏的诱因。基于孔隙水压力与土体所处的应力状态的内在关系,推导了滑面处每个土条的孔隙水压力及水压力公式,并得出了考虑超孔隙水压力的滑坡稳定系数表达式。云阳地区老药铺滑坡算例表明,若将老药铺滑坡按zk5分为两个滑坡,两个滑坡的中心段是孔隙水压力值较高的区域;本文的孔隙水压力计算值略大于钻孔量测值,计算误差为5.8%～10%,原因在于滑面超孔隙水压力的消散;暴雨工况（含超孔隙水压力）下老药铺滑坡稳定系数为0.862,滑坡处于非稳定状态,并已发生破坏,验证了超孔隙水压力对滑坡体破坏的诱发作用;建议滑坡治理工程中应在按zk5分成的两个滑坡中间段打设排水孔,消除或降低滑面处的超孔隙水压力值,并结合滑坡周围及坡面的截排水工程以及封填裂隙治理老药铺滑坡。 相似文献
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Effects of pore water pressure dissipation on rate dependency of shear strength in localised failure of soils 
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下载免费PDF全文 The paper presents analytical solutions for the evolution of excess pore pressures in the vicinity of a shear band in a rate‐dependent, strain‐softening permeable soil, with the aim to explore, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the potential variation of failure shear stress in the shear band. The solutions encompass both dissipation of a pre‐existing pore pressure regime within the main soil domain, and the effects of generation of additional pore pressure within the shear band itself. The simplified analytical solutions were checked by numerical inversion of exact solutions in Laplace transform space, confirming their high accuracy. The solutions show that it is possible for the failure shear stress to rise initially because of short‐term dissipation of the pre‐existing excess pore pressure at a faster rate than generation of new excess pore pressure within the shear band. This apparent strain hardening in a strain‐softening soil can be misleading in that it can temporarily slow down the sliding mass and create a false sense of stabilization of the slope. It can also result in additional temporary shear resistance for sliding foundations or pipelines on the seabed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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开展了近场和远场地震动作用下3跨3层地铁车站结构地基液化效应的振动台模型试验,测试了地铁车站结构的加速度、应变、水平位移反应和地基土孔隙水压力、加速度、震陷及其作用于模型结构侧墙的动土压力反应。分析和总结了地铁车站结构地基液化效应特征,结果表明：模型结构对其周围地基土孔隙水压力场的分布有明显影响,结构两侧和底部地基土中的孔压峰值小于相同深度离结构较远地基土中的孔压峰值;地基土中孔压的消散速度自下而上呈逐渐减慢的趋势;地震动作用过程中,模型结构产生向上的相对运动,强地震动作用时模型结构上浮现象明显;模型结构侧墙受到的动土压力随深度增大而减小,输入地震动特性对动土压力的大小有显著影响。 相似文献
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由于静压桩沉桩后桩周土重塑,静压桩承载力表现出随着休止期的延长而增长的特性。本文从静压桩沉桩后桩周土体内孔隙水消散固结的角度出发,对静压桩承载力时间效应的理论和试验分别进行归纳,结合孔隙水消散路径及固结模型,对桩周土体初始超静孔隙水压力大小及其分布特征进行总结,分析承载力各种测试方法的优缺点,对静压桩承载力的时效性进行深化研究,并探讨了不同地质条件、不同桩的类型对休止期内静压桩承载力的影响,进一步对基于实测数据得出的经验公式进行总结。讨论了基于不同本构关系模型的应力场及位移场解答和沉桩后孔隙水压力消散解答,在此基础上总结了桩基极限承载力理论公式;探讨了黏性土、砂土条件下,考虑超固结比、不排水抗剪强度和塑性指数比对桩基极限承载力系数A的影响,在此基础上归纳了桩基极限承载力经验公式。建议在经验公式基础上设置多重参数,以提升经验公式的精确度,并完善对不同桩、土类型的参数解答;利用BP神经网络,导入静压桩承载力相关参数,以得到针对不同地质条件、桩型、休止期的承载力最优解。 相似文献
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Field studies have shown that the driving of a displacement pile into cohesive soil generates large excess pore pressures in the vicinity of the pile. These pore pressures are often larger than the effective overburden pressure and facilitate the installation of the pile. The subsequent increase in bearing capacity of the pile is largely controlled by the dissipation of the excess pore pressures and a consequent increase in the effective stresses acting on the pile. The paper presents a closed formanalytical solution for the radial consolidation of the soil around a driven pile, assuming that the soil skeleton deforms elastically. This assumption is examined in the light of the predicted effective stress changes in the soil and is shown to lead to, a realistic model for the decay of pore pressure near the pile with time after driving. Although the solution may be applied to any initial distribution of excess pore pressure, attention is focussed on that due to the expansion of a cylindrical cavity in an ideal elastic, perfectly plastic soil. The resulting logarithmic variation of excess pore pressure with radius is considered to be close to that generated around a pile as a result of driving. In addition to giving estimates of the time needed for a driven pile to achieve its maximum strength, the solution may also be used in the analysis of pressuremeter tests to provide in-situ measurements of the coefficient of consolidation of the soil. 相似文献
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软黏土层一维有限应变固结的超静孔压消散研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据土力学固结理论计算分析软黏土层固结过程的超静孔隙水压力值,确定软黏土体固结过程的强度增长,对排水固结法处理软土地基至关重要。软黏土层固结过程中土体变形较大时,有限应变固结理论和小应变固结理论计算分析软黏土固结所得结果差异较大。利用非线性有限元法及程序,通过对软黏土层固结工程算例的计算结果分析,研究了有限应变固结理论和小应变固结理论计算分析软黏土层一维固结超静孔压值消散的差异;探讨了软黏土体一维固结过程中,几何非线性、土体渗透性变化和压缩性变化对超静孔隙水压力消散的影响。研究结果表明,当土体的变形较大时,有限应变固结理论计算出的超静孔压要比小应变固结理论得到的值消散的更快。考虑土体固结过程中渗透性的变化时,超静孔压消散变慢;可用软黏土渗透性变化指数ck 反映渗透性变化对超静孔压消散的影响,渗透性变化指数ck值越小、超静孔压消散越慢。固结过程中软黏土压缩性的大小及变化也影响超静孔压的消散,可用软黏土的压缩指数cc反映固结过程中压缩性的大小及变化对超静孔压消散的影响,软黏土的压缩指数cc越小,固结过程软黏土层中的超静孔压消散越快。 相似文献
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沉桩引起的超静孔隙水压力消散是产生管桩极限承载力时效性的主要因素之一。结合天津东疆保税港区物流加工区二期工程,利用有限元模拟分析沉桩后超孔压的消散规律及管桩的极限承载力随时间变化的规律,提出吹填土中管桩时效承载力公式供工程参考使用,并进行吹填土现场各测点沉桩过程及沉桩后孔隙水压力的监测,验证模拟结果的同时探讨超静孔隙水压力的分布及消散规律。模拟得到沉桩后桩底超孔压随时间消散, 20d后消散率达到97%; 管桩的时效承载力随时间增长,并与超孔压的消散有着明显的对应关系; 得到吹填土中管桩承载力的时效公式以供工程参考使用。现场孔压监测表明深度增加,超孔压增大; 离桩越近,超孔压越大; 土层渗透系数越小,超孔压消散越慢。施工对土体的有效影响范围为9~10倍桩径。 相似文献
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将饱和软黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性问题视为半无限体内柱形孔的卸荷收缩问题。基于SMP准则改进的修正剑桥模型,采用应力空间变换方法推导了柱孔卸荷收缩问题的弹塑性解答,得出了孔壁临塑支护荷载和孔壁颈缩的解析表达式。在此基础上,提出了维持孔壁稳定所需最小泥浆重度和孔壁稳定安全系数的计算方法,并对影响钻孔稳定性的因素进行了研究。研究结果表明,饱和软黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁卸荷屈服后,孔壁周围土体处于弹塑性状态,钻孔颈缩量大,孔壁稳定安全系数较小;在泥浆支护条件下,饱和软黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性取决于土体重度、超固结比、土体内摩擦角及泥浆重度等因素,而与钻孔深度和孔径无关;土体超固结比和内摩擦角越大,维持钻孔稳定所需的临界支护压力和最小泥浆重度越小。在实际工程中,应在保证最小泥浆重度的条件下结合工程具体情况合理选取泥浆比例。 相似文献
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假设桩周土体为饱和黏弹性介质,采用Burgers流变模型进行描述,同时考虑竖向和径向固结,建立了固结控制方程。根据不排水和自由排水情况,将边界条件分为3类并分别得到超孔隙水压力消散的级数解答,该解答能够为孔压静力触探反求固结系数提供一定的理论依据。在此基础上编制了应用程序,对Burgers流变模型中主要参数进行了分析。结果表明,地基表面自由排水、桩端地基不排水条件下,在一定深度以内的桩周土体的固结速度随深度降低,但超过某一范围后固结速度趋于稳定;上、下边界均自由排水条件下,固结速度随深度增加呈现下降、稳定、升高;上、下边界均不排水条件时,孔压消散速度不随深度变化,可简化为本解答仅考虑径向固结的特例。同时土体的流变特性对超孔隙水压力消散的影响比较显著,流变参数G1/1的变化使超孔隙水压力趋于某不为0的定值,且该值随G1/1比值的增大而增加;其他参数不变时,土体剪切刚度比G1/G2的增大会引起孔压消散速度的下降。 相似文献
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本文介绍了对以饱和粘性土为介质的模型槽中所进行的孔压静力触探(CPTU)试验,通过对试验数据的分析,得出探头贯入时周围土体的轴向附加应力和径向附加应力的变化及分布,锥尖、侧壁摩阻力以及超孔隙水压力的变化,以及停止贯入后孔压消散过程中探头周围土体的超孔压变化,从这些方面来探讨土中应力场的变化,附加应力的影响范围,临界深度现象以及超孔隙水压力的变化规律。 相似文献
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A solution is derived for the heat flow and consolidation which occur when a heat source is buried deep in a porous thermoelastic soil having anisotropic flow properties. This solution is used to examine the pore pressure generation and dissipation near both point and cylindrical heat sources. An increase in temperature will tend to generate an increase in excess pore pressure. However, the pore water will tend to flow from regions of high excess pore pressure to regions of low excess pore pressure, and so consolidation will occur, and temperature-generated excess pore pressures will tend to dissipate. Many natural soils exhibit horizontal layering and so have a higher horizontal than vertical permeability. It is shown that in soils the excess pore pressure generated by a heat source is significantly less than that in an isotropic soil having an equal vertical permeability. 相似文献
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考虑固结的透水管桩沉桩全过程有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用透水管桩技术加快沉桩后桩周土体内超静孔隙水释放,进而消除沉桩施工中超静孔压的不利影响。基于有限元数值计算法,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立透水管桩模型,实现透水管桩贯入过程以及桩周土体固结过程模拟。对比CEM圆柱孔扩张理论验证数值计算结果;阐述透水管桩贯入过程中位移场以及超静孔压场变化规律;对比分析静压桩和透水管桩桩周土体固结性状,结果表明透水管桩能加速超静孔压消散,短期内实现桩基承载力的快速提升。 相似文献
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针对目前量测土体膨胀力的主要方法所存在的不足,提出近似完全限制条件下测量土体膨胀力的改进方法。以压实红黏土为研究对象,测到不同初始状态（含水率、干密度）试样的膨胀力,并与膨胀反压法测得的膨胀力进行对比分析,发现限制膨胀方法测得的膨胀力要小于膨胀反压法的试验值。同时,显现出限制膨胀法测膨胀力具有3个主要优点：试验过程中保持土体不发生变形,更加符合膨胀力的物理定义;试验耗时少、占空间少;能测较宽含水率范围内的膨胀力。最后,利用压汞法和氮吸附法测得不同状态下土体的细观孔隙结构分布特征。结果表明：相同干密度试样,制样含水率对压实土体的孔隙分布影响显著;黏土晶间和粒间吸水自由膨胀后发生“不可逆”膨胀变形;土体发生“不可逆”膨胀变形程度是引起限制膨胀法和膨胀反压法所得试验结果出现差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压相互作用研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文通过实验、实测和理论分析研究了开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压力之间的相互作用,结果表明,随着开采的进行,土体的应力变形发生变化造成了超静孔隙水压力的产生和消散,反映在土体变形上出现随开采时间延续而发展的附加压缩和膨胀变形,这种压缩或膨胀在土体的不同部位相互叠加,有时还叠加了底部含水层水位下降引起的地面下沉。这些结果揭示了厚松散含水层地区开采沉陷特殊性的机理,对开采沉陷预测及水体下采煤具有重要意义。 相似文献
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An experimental study of the water transfer through confined compacted GMZ bentonite 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
GMZ bentonite has been considered as a possible material for engineered barrier in the Chinese program of nuclear waste disposal at great depth. In the present work, the hydraulic conductivity of this bentonite was determined by simultaneous profile method. A specific infiltration cell equipped with five resistive relative humidity probes was designed for this purpose. The water retention properties were studied under both confined and unconfined conditions; the results show that at high suctions (> 4 MPa) the water retention capacity is independent of the confining condition, and by contrast, at low suctions (< 4 MPa) the confined condition resulted in significant low water retention. Furthermore, the microstructure was investigated at mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) in different states: on oven-dried powder, bentonite slurry, as-compacted and wetted samples. It has been observed that the soil powder is constituted of aggregates of various sizes; these aggregates are destroyed by full saturation at a water content equal to the liquid limit; compaction at the initial water content of 11–12% and a dry density of 1.7–1.75 Mg/m3 led to a microstructure characterized by a dense assembly of relatively well preserved aggregates; saturation of the compacted sample under constant volume condition defined a non-homogeneous microstructure with the presence of well preserved aggregates. This non-homogeneous microstructure would be due to the non uniform distribution of the generated swelling pressure within the soil sample upon wetting. The hydraulic conductivity determined has been found decreasing first and then increasing with suction decrease from the initial value of about 80 MPa to zero; the decrease can be attributed to the large pore clogging due to soft gel creation by exfoliation process, as observed at ESEM. 相似文献