首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
青藏高原北部常年冻土区沿活动断裂发育有移动冰丘,其对输油管道、桥梁、涵洞等工程设施具有破坏作用。应用ANSYS有限元通用程序,对移动冰丘引起的输油管道的破坏进行了三维非线性有限元数值模拟计算,揭示了移动冰丘冻胀产生的应力场、位移场与塑性变形,给出了移动冰丘冻胀导致输油管道拱曲变形及应力分布。移动冰丘导致输油管道拱曲变形,在管道内部产生的应力超过管道的强度,使管道产生塑性弯曲变形和破坏,导致输油管道局部报废。移动冰丘导致输油管道拱曲变形的三维有限元数值模拟能够为管道工程设计和地质灾害防治提供依据。在数值模拟的基础上,提出了灾害防治措施。  相似文献   

2.
青藏高原北部常年冻土地区部分断裂破碎带发育移动冰丘.青藏铁路沿线典型移动冰丘包括不冻泉活动断裂诱发移动冰丘、乌丽活动断裂诱发86道班移动冰丘、二道沟盆南断裂破碎带桥梁施工诱发雅玛尔河移动冰丘、断裂破碎带桥基施工诱发83道班移动冰丘和乌丽盆北断裂破碎带DK1202 668大桥中部桥墩施工诱发85道班移动冰丘.移动冰丘的形成演化与活动断裂、地下水运动、气温变化存在动力学成因联系,是青藏高原北部常年冻土地区内动力与外营力相互耦合的标志和产物.移动冰丘能够穿刺公路路基、拱曲破坏涵洞结构、导致桥梁墩台破裂和输油管道拱曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应,成为高寒环境地质灾害的重要类型.采用适当的工程措施,通过疏导、排放地下泉水,能够有效地防治移动冰丘及灾害效应.  相似文献   

3.
青藏高原北部常年冻土地区部分断裂破碎带发育移动冰丘.青藏铁路沿线典型移动冰丘包括不冻泉活动断裂诱发移动冰丘、乌丽活动断裂诱发86道班移动冰丘、二道沟盆南断裂破碎带桥梁施工诱发雅玛尔河移动冰丘、断裂破碎带桥基施工诱发83道班移动冰丘和乌丽盆北断裂破碎带DK1202 668大桥中部桥墩施工诱发85道班移动冰丘.移动冰丘的形成演化与活动断裂、地下水运动、气温变化存在动力学成因联系,是青藏高原北部常年冻土地区内动力与外营力相互耦合的标志和产物.移动冰丘能够穿刺公路路基、拱曲破坏涵洞结构、导致桥梁墩台破裂和输油管道拱曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应,成为高寒环境地质灾害的重要类型.采用适当的工程措施,通过疏导、排放地下泉水,能够有效地防治移动冰丘及灾害效应.  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原北部铁路沿线移动冰丘的特征及其灾害效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
青藏高原北部常年冻土地区部分断裂破碎带发育移动冰丘。青藏铁路沿线典型移动冰丘包括不冻泉活动断裂诱发移动冰丘、乌丽活动断裂诱发86道班移动冰丘、二道沟盆南断裂破碎带桥梁施工诱发雅玛尔河移动冰丘、断裂破碎带桥基施工诱发83道班移动冰丘和乌丽盆北断裂破碎带DK1202+668大桥中部桥墩施工诱发85道班移动冰丘。移动冰丘的形成演化与活动断裂、地下水运动、气温变化存在动力学成因联系,是青藏高原北部常年冻土地区内动力与外营力相互耦合的标志和产物。移动冰丘能够穿刺公路路基、拱曲破坏涵洞结构、导致桥梁墩台破裂和输油管道拱曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应,成为高寒环境地质灾害的重要类型。采用适当的工程措施,通过疏导、排放地下泉水,能够有效地防治移动冰丘及灾害效应。  相似文献   

5.
青藏高原北部不冻泉移动冰丘及灾害效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
不冻泉移动冰丘发育于青藏高原北部常年冻土区断裂破碎带,2001年仅在青藏公路东南侧形成1个小型冰丘,2002年在青藏公路西北侧形成低矮冰丘群,2004-2005年发展成为大型冰丘群,2006年移动冰丘的发育高度和分布范围进一步增大。不冻泉移动冰丘不仅穿刺青藏公路路基,破坏青藏公路桥涵结构,蚕食青藏公路路堤,影响青藏公路的交通安全;而且导致输油管道拱曲变形,诱发地面塌陷和地裂缝,产生显著的灾害效应。采用适当的工程措施,通过地下疏导或地表排放沿断裂破碎带上涌的地下泉水,能够有效减轻或防治不冻泉移动冰丘的灾害效应。  相似文献   

6.
青藏铁路沿线断裂活动的灾害效应   总被引:26,自引:10,他引:16  
青藏铁路沿线发育大量不同方向、不同性质、不同类型和不同规模的活动断裂。这些活动断裂对地震分布具有显著的控制作用,形成了12条区域性地震构造带。一些重要的活动断裂的平均运动速度达4~15mm/a,能够孕育6~7级以上的强烈地震,导致严重的地震灾害。在青藏高原北部常年冻土区,断裂活动不仅导致路基变形、路面破裂和工程破坏,还诱发不均匀冻胀、构造裂缝和移动冰丘等地质灾害,对青藏铁路、青藏公路和输油管道等线路的工程安全产生不良影响。断裂蠕滑运动与地下水活动、不均匀冻胀的耦合效应使青藏公路安多段路基松动和路面强烈变形,对青藏铁路的工程安全造成潜在威胁。  相似文献   

7.
青藏铁路沿线发育6个典型移动冰丘,冰丘冻胀对线路工程具有严重破坏作用,导致桥墩扭裂、涵洞破裂与输油管道弯曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应。83道班移动冰丘发育于二道沟盆地南侧两组断层的交叉复合部位,属断层破碎带桥基施工诱发移动冰丘;夏季表现为上涌泉水,形成泉坑;冬季形成厚度达0.5m的冰幔和高达2.5m的冰丘,产生了比较严重的灾害隐患。在泉水富集部位,通过修筑堤坝、泉水池和排水通道,改变了泉水的运移路线,消除了移动冰丘及灾害隐患,确保了83道班铁路大桥的工程安全,为青藏铁路沿线移动冰丘的工程防治积累了成功经验。  相似文献   

8.
以宁夏羊场湾煤矿Y110207工作面为研究对象,采用无人机遥感技术、野外调查与有限差分软件模拟方法研究浅埋煤层开采的地面塌陷类型、发育规律及其形成机理。(1)浅埋煤层开采地面塌陷以地表裂缝发育为主,地表破坏严重。(2)平行切眼裂缝间隔性出现,展布于整个工作面内,间隔距离为10~120m,局部裂缝形成错台高度约为15cm。平行顺槽裂缝为拉张型裂缝,发育在顺槽至外围一定范围。(3)采煤活动导致地下形成采空区,上覆岩层发生移动破坏,破坏区分为剪切破坏区、拉张破坏区及剪-拉破坏区,分别对压应力区、拉应力区和压-拉转化区。(4)当应力扰动传递至地表,应力值超过覆盖层抗拉强度时地表产生裂缝。随着工作面推进,覆岩内部裂缝带上行裂缝与地表下行裂缝贯通,形成错台。研究成果丰富了该区浅埋煤层的地面塌陷理论知识,为地面塌陷防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
水压致裂的基本计算原理是以最大张应力准则为基础的。一般认为水压致裂过程中,孔壁在水压力的作用下只会发生拉张破坏。最近的实践表明,孔壁的破坏不仅会产生张性破坏还会产生剪切破坏。本文基于摩尔-库伦准则,通过理论推导得出水压致裂过程中孔壁不仅产生张性破坏,也产生剪切破坏,同时验证了摩尔-库伦准则在水压致裂孔壁破坏机理研究中的适用性;利用数值模拟的手段以莫尔-库伦准则来说明水压致裂应力测量中裂缝并不总是拉张破坏引起的,也有可能是剪切破坏,且起裂位置与应用最大拉应力准则时重合;由于围压对莫尔-库伦剪切破坏准则破裂应力有较大影响,因此即使同一种岩石在不同的应力状态下的破裂对应正应力也将不同,该研究为摩尔-库伦准则在水压致裂中的应用有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

10.
人工冻土围压SHPB试验与冲击压缩特性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB),以铝质套筒作为围压装置,分别研究温度为-8、-12、-16 ℃在不同应变率下的人工冻结黏土围压状态变形特征和轴向动态应力-应变关系。研究结果表明:在围压状态下,冻土呈黏塑性破坏特征;当人工冻结黏土温度为-16 ℃、平均应变率分别为410、457、525、650、827 s-1时,其最大应力分别为10.76、12.18、14.27、20.24、23.34 MPa,最大应变分别为0.081 7、0.097 2、0.105 0、0.131 0和0.166 0,表现出较强应变率效应;-12 ℃和-16 ℃时在应变率为457 s-1下的最大应力分别为8.28 MPa和12.18 MPa;当应变率相同时,温度越低,最大应力越大,冻结黏土表现出较强的温度相关性。人工冻土的动力学特性为冻土开挖方法的研究提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
Small seasonal pingos formed in Quaternary deposits along active fault zones in permafrost of the northern Tibetan Plateau exert destructive forces to oil pipelines, bridges, culverts and other engineering facilities along the Golmud–Lhasa railway and highway. The pingos are particularly hazardous as they change position, or migrate, nearly every year. Three-dimensional finite element modeling reveals the enormous force from exerted by a pingo at the 86th station of the highway. A good representation of the stress and strain fields resulting from an expansion of a pingo and bending of an oil pipeline at the station are calculated after due consideration of the interaction between permafrost, pingo and pipeline. This followed establishing an engineering-geologic model from the field data and determining the mechanical properties of the media from field and laboratory tests. The maximum, intermediate and the minimal principal compressive stresses are calculated as well as those for the plastic strain. Concentrations of principal stress and plastic strain occur beneath the pipeline bend and both the principal compressive stress and resulting plastic strain become very small away from the pingo. Also, the bottom of the pingo is dominated by minimal values of principal stress and strain and the potential bending of a buried pipe caused by an expansion of a pingo is indicated to decrease as depth of burial increases.The pingo growth at the 86th station resulted in the bending upward of a 20m section of a buried oil pipeline, but it did not break and spill oil. Analysis of the pipe within the bend found the maximum, intermediate, and minimal principal compressive stress ranges that leads to plastic strain within the bent pipe. Compressive stress and plastic strain concentrations form in the inner sides of inflexions in the pipe bend, and tensional stress and plastic strain concentrations form in their outer sides where stress exceeds the yield limit of the pipe, but many irregularities are present. Such numerical modeling of stress and strain may offer key parameters for designing oil pipelines and engineered facilities to decrease the hazard from migrating pingos in similar geologic settings in the permafrost of the northern Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

12.
Most pingos in the permafrost region of the high northern Tibetan Plateau form along active fault zones and many change position annually along the zones and thus appear to migrate. The fault zones conduct geothermal heat, which thins permafrost, and control cool to hot springs in the region. They maintain ground-water circulation through broken rock in an open system to supply water for pingo growth during the winter in overlying fluvial and lacustrian deposits. Springs remain after the pingos thaw in the summer. Fault movement, earthquakes and man's activities cause the water pathways supplying pingos to shift and consequently the pingos migrate.

The hazard posed to the new Golmud–Lhasa railway across the plateau by migrating pingos is restricted to active fault zones, but is serious, as these zones are common and generate large earthquakes. Pingos have damaged the highway and the oil pipeline adjacent to the railway since 2001. One caused tilting and breaking of a bridge pier and destroyed a highway bridge across the Chumaerhe fault. Another has already caused minor damage to a new railway bridge. Furthermore, the construction of a bridge pier in the North Wuli fault zone in July–August 2003 created a conduit for a new spring, which created a pingo during the following winter. Measures taken to drain the ground-water via a tunnel worked well and prevented damage before the railway tracks were laid. However, pier vibrations from subsequent train motion disrupted the drain and led to new springs, which may induce further pingo growth beneath the bridge.

The migrating pingos result from active fault movement promoting artesian ground-water circulation and changing water pathways under the seasonal temperature variations in the permafrost region. They pose a serious hazard to railway construction, which, in turn can further disturb the ground-water conduits and affect pingo migration.  相似文献   


13.
Pingos are large frost mounds which develop in permafrost as the result of the segregation of massive ground-ice lenses. At least two genetic varieties of pingos, open- and closed-systems, form under differing conditions of climate, topography, and groundwater occurrence. Active pingos are known to occur in many high latitude regions. Pingo scars are the degeneration products of pingos. Ideally they are ramparted, circular depressions, although they may be expressed in a variety of divergent forms due to differing conditions of topography, substrate materials, degree of thermokarst overprint, and erosional/depositional histories. Pingo scars occur in many modern permafrost regions. Presumed pingo scars have also been identified in many regions beyond the present permafrost limit and therefore may have utility in reconstructing former permafrost environments.  相似文献   

14.
华北地块北缘及邻区显生宙不同时期存在不同类型的造山作用,古生代以陆缘俯冲造山为主,中生代以陆内挤压造山为主,新生代以陆内伸展造山为主。不同造山阶段存在不同的区域构造应力场。晚古生代陆缘俯冲造山阶段,区域最大主压应力方向以近南北向为主。中生代陆内挤压造山阶段,南北向边界挤压力的作用不断减弱,而北西—北西西向边界挤压力的作用不断增强;在中东地段,印支期—早燕山期—晚燕山期,区域最大主压应力方向发生自南北向—北西向—北西西向规律性变化。新生代陆内伸展造山阶段,区域最大主压应力方向以北东向为主。不同造山阶段区域构造应力的量值也存在明显差别,构造应力大小与造山作用强度、构造—岩浆活动性存在良好正相关关系  相似文献   

15.
李宏  马元春  王福江 《岩土力学》2007,28(2):253-257
压磁套芯解除法是20世纪50年代开始发展起来的原地应力测试技术。为了实现在单一钻孔中进行三维地应力测量研制了单孔全应力计。在简单介绍压磁全应力计结构和计算原理的基础上,通过现场测试,对在锦屏二级水电站地下厂房洞群区压磁套心解除3孔交汇法三维地应力测量和单孔三维地应力测量及水压致裂地应力测量进行了比较分析研究。测量结果表明,在探洞浅部,受局部地形影响,测点的应力分布主要受自重和地形地貌控制,形成特有的“V”型河谷岸坡内的局部应力状态,最大主应力为11 MPa左右,作用方向NNW基本近水平;在探洞深部地应力应力值较高,最大主应力为40 MPa左右,作用方向近直立;随水平埋深的增大最大主应力由近水平状态转变为近直立状态,说明在洞深部自重应力起主导作用。通过三种方法测量结果的对比分析,说明压磁套心解除单孔三维地应力测试技术与压磁套心解除3孔交汇法和水压致裂地应力测试技术具有相同测试精度。  相似文献   

16.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号