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1.
岩溶化裂隙岩体是普遍发育于自然界中具有初始损伤的岩体。为了研究岩溶化裂隙岩体损伤破坏特征,本文以贵州某地赋存的溶蚀岩体为研究对象,运用损伤力学理论构建岩溶化裂隙岩体在单轴压缩条件下的损伤演化模型,并建立岩溶化裂隙岩体损伤演化方程。采用颗粒流数值软件进行单轴压缩数值试验,进一步研究岩溶化裂隙岩体试件在单轴压缩条件下的损伤演化特征,分析岩溶化裂隙岩体的微观损伤特征。结果表明:岩溶化裂隙岩体的初始损伤主要包括溶蚀损伤和裂隙损伤。岩溶化裂隙岩体的初始损伤随着溶蚀率的增加而增加,最终增加速率趋于平缓;岩溶化裂隙岩体的损伤演化曲线均呈“S”型变化,先缓慢增加,再迅速增加,最后缓慢增加至损伤值1;岩溶化裂隙岩体存在异构特征,导致破坏裂隙起源于具有初始损伤的溶蚀孔洞和裂隙处,随后裂隙经历萌发、扩张和剪切作用、数量和长度增加以及裂隙贯通4个阶段后发生宏观破坏。 相似文献
2.
裂隙岩体的渗透特性受控于裂隙的发育特征、连通特性和充填情况,并与岩体的地应力水平具有显著的相关性。基于裂隙岩体渗透性的影响因素,并考虑现有渗透系数估算模型的不足,利用钻孔压水试验和钻孔电视图像资料,建立考虑埋深(Z)、岩石质量指标(RQD)以及充填物指标(FSD)等3个指标的渗透系数估算ZRF模型,并应用到牙根二级水电站及其他工程区的渗透系数估算中。结果表明,与已有的渗透系数估算模型相比,ZRF模型较好地反映了岩体渗透性的影响因素,且模型参数物理意义明确,便于获取,对分析裂隙岩体渗透性具有一定的工程参考价值。 相似文献
3.
渗透系数是表征裂隙岩体透水性能的一个重要参数,当水压力较小时,岩体的渗透系数变化不明显,但在高水压力条件下,岩体的渗透系数会发生明显变化,这给我们在进行渗流分析时带来了一定的困难,因为多数情况下是将渗透系数当作定值来计算的。在高压水条件下,基于非达西流方程,推导了裂隙岩体的渗透系数与水压力之间的表达式,并给出了常规压水或低水压力、高压压水时水力劈裂前后渗透系数的计算公式。现场压水试验结果表明,当岩体发生水力劈裂后,渗透系数增加明显,此时可以通过压水量和水压力的变化量来计算裂隙岩体的渗透系数。通过几个抽水蓄能电站的高压压水试验结果验证了裂隙岩体水力劈裂前后渗透系数的变化规律,并与实际裂隙岩体的渗透系数进行了比较,其误差在10%左右,表明本文给出的渗透系数表达式的合理性和准确性,为水利水电工程的渗流分析及渗漏量的计算提供了渗透系数选择的依据。 相似文献
4.
A tracer tomographic laboratory study was performed with consolidated fractured rock in three-dimensional space. The investigated fractured sandstone sample was characterized by significant matrix permeability. The laboratory transport experiments were conducted using gas-flow and gas-tracer transport techniques that enable the generation of various flow-field patterns via adjustable boundary conditions within a short experimental time period. In total, 72 gas-tracer (helium) tests were performed by systematically changing the injection and monitoring configuration after each test. For the inversion of the tracer breakthrough curves an inversion scheme was applied, based on the transformation of the governing transport equation into a form of the eikonal equation. The reliability of the inversion results was assessed with singular value decomposition of the trajectory density matrix. The applied inversion technique allowed for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the interstitial velocity with a high resolution. The three-dimensional interstitial velocity distribution shows clearly that the transport is dominated by the matrix while the fractures show no apparent influence on the transport responses. 相似文献
5.
某水工隧洞裂隙岩体高水头作用下的渗透性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合某抽水蓄能电站高压引水隧洞裂隙岩体的高压压水试验、常规压水试验和室内试验,分析了裂隙岩体在高水头条件下渗透流量与压力关系所反映的岩体渗透特性变化规律;在定量计算基础上探讨了裂隙岩体渗透系数与压力的相互关系。通过对比高压压水试验、常规压水试验和室内试验得到的渗透系数,分析了环境应力状态和压力变化对渗透系数取值影响的原因。研究结果表明,高水头作用下裂隙岩体的渗透系数明显大于低水压条件下的渗透系数,室内试验渗透系数因应力解除影响而大于原位压水试验渗透系数值。 相似文献
6.
滑体渗透性及渗透系数取值对于水库滑坡渗流及稳定性分析计算具有非常重要的意义。本文通过三峡库区396个滑坡1188个试坑（样）的测试资料分析得出:（1）三峡库区滑坡体按物源岩性可分为白云岩和灰岩、泥灰岩、砂泥岩互层,按组成结构可分为均质细粒土、土含碎块石、土夹碎块石、碎块石土和裂隙岩体;（2）渗透性以中等和良好为主;且具有一定的区域分布特征,位于奉节、巫溪和忠县的滑坡体渗透性中等,其他区县滑坡体渗透性良好;渗透系数大小与滑坡土体中碎块石含量呈正相关,裂隙岩滑体渗透性则低于碎块石土滑体渗透性;（3）不同组成结构滑体的渗透系数平均值分别为均质细粒土1.28 m·d-1,土含碎块石1.41 m·d-1、土夹碎块石2.56 m·d-1、碎块石土3.84 m·d-1和裂隙岩体3.24 m·d-1。 相似文献
7.
This paper discusses the results of the engineering geological and geotechnical investigations that have been carried out
at the Daroongar dam site. According to the geomorphology and geological conditions and economic reason, the dam has been
designed as an earth dam with a clay core. The dam foundation is composed of a sequence of sandy limestone and limy marl of
the Upper Cretaceous period. This study is based on field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying,
drilled borehole data and permeability of dam foundation. The present studies include the evaluation of the dam foundation
by water pressure tests. The water pressure tests indicate the necessity to provide a grout curtain below the dam foundation.The
geology of the Daroongar dam foundation has a significant influence on the permeability and groutability characteristics.
The permeability of jointed rock masses is strongly depended on joint characteristics; degree of jointing, opening, continuity
and presence of filling materials. The laboratory tests included tests for unit weight, porosity, uniaxial, triaxial, tensile
strength and deformation parameters. The strength and modulus of elasticity of rock masses were determined using the Hoek–Brown
empirical strength criterion. The rock mass qualities and classifications of the dam site is assigned using the rock mass
rating (RMR), the rock quality (Q) and the geological strength index (GSI) classification systems. 相似文献
8.
借助损伤力学思想,基于统计强度理论,提出一种适用于深部工程破裂区破裂岩体的本构模型建立方法,并通过室内试验和数值试验进行了验证。将破裂岩体划分为无数微元立方体,微元立方体的强度与岩石破裂程度有关,且各立方体强度随机分布,故可用强度反映破裂岩体的破裂程度,据此提出一种破裂岩体本构模型建立方法。其中,根据岩石破裂面间的摩擦力做功等于材料破裂后释放的应变能,得到从力学角度定义的岩石破裂程度变量;另外,假定微元立方体强度分布服从Weibull分布,应力水平满足Hoek-Brown准则。利用泥质砂岩破裂岩体典型三轴试验结果,建立泥质砂岩破裂岩体本构模型,并进行了验证,结果表明模型计算曲线与试验曲线吻合度较好。利用离散元软件PFC进行了补充数值试验验证研究,证明了泥质砂岩破裂岩体理论模型的良好计算效果,进而证明提出的本构模型建立方法的可行性。 相似文献
9.
岩体的渗透结构控制着裂隙岩体的宏观渗透特征,而控制着岩体渗透结构类型的地质因素却是复杂多样。在实际工程岩体中,裂隙岩体的渗透结构通常是由基本渗透结构经过组合叠加而形成的复合渗透结构类型。本文通过野外调研和室内统计分析,总结了裂隙岩体中广泛存在的5种基本渗透结构类型及其4种组合形式的复合渗透结构类型及其渗流特征,分别归为Ⅰ-Ⅱ型、Ⅲ-Ⅳ型、Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ型和Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅳ型。并选择一工程实例,运用裂隙岩体复合渗透结构类型的分析方法,分析了西南某水电站主厂房和开关站边坡岩体的复合渗透结构类型以Ⅲ-Ⅳ型和Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅳ型为主,更符合实际情况。 相似文献
10.
The role of hydromechanical coupling in fractured rock engineering 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
This paper provides a review of hydromechanical (HM) couplings in fractured rock, with special emphasis on HM interactions
as a result of, or directly connected with human activities. In the early 1960s, the coupling between hydraulic and mechanical
processes in fractured rock started to receive wide attention. A series of events including dam failures, landslides, and
injection-induced earthquakes were believed to result from HM interaction. Moreover, the advent of the computer technology
in the 1970s made possible the integration of nonlinear processes such as stress–permeability coupling and rock mass failure
into coupled HM analysis. Coupled HM analysis is currently being applied to many geological engineering practices. One key
parameter in such analyses is a good estimate of the relationship between stress and permeability. Based on available laboratory
and field data, it was found that the permeability of fractured rock masses tends to be most sensitive to stress changes at
shallow depth (low stress) and in areas of low in-situ permeability. In highly permeable, fractured rock sections, fluid flow
may take place in clusters of connected fractures which are locked open as a result of previous shear dislocation or partial
cementation of hard mineral filling. Such locked-open fractures tend to be relatively insensitive to stress and may therefore
be conductive at great depths. Because of the great variability of HM properties in fractured rock, and the difficulties in
using laboratory data for deriving in-situ material properties, the HM properties of fractured rock masses are best characterized
in situ.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
11.
裂隙岩体的渗透性是地质灾害、水电工程、矿山工程等研究中需要考虑的重要因素之一。岩体裂隙本身的渗透性取决于它的空间几何参数,因此,可以通过直接测量裂隙的几何要素计算出岩体的渗透系数。岩体的结构及其透水性直接关系到建筑物围岩的稳定及安全.通过水力劈裂试验,可以真实地反映高水压作用下岩体的结构和渗透性的变化规律.以某水电站工... 相似文献
12.
基于复合单元法,结合三维热传导-对流方程和“充填模型”,提出了裂隙岩体不稳定温度场的复合单元模型。该模型前处理简便快捷,计算网格生成时无需考虑裂隙的存在,网格剖分不受限制,随后利用复合单元前处理程序,依据裂隙的位置和方位将其自动离散在单元内。对常规热传导-对流方程进行自伴随性调整,应用变分原理,推导出裂隙岩体不稳定温度场的复合单元算法,该算法可分别计算出岩块子单元和裂隙的温度值,且可真实反映裂隙中水流与相邻岩块间的热能量交换规律。将复合单元数值模型计算的不稳定温度场结果与相应的实测数据进行对比分析可知,数值计算结果与实测数据基本一致,验证了裂隙岩体不稳定温度场复合单元算法的可靠性与有效性。算例分析表明,裂隙中水流与相邻岩块间有明显的热传导和热对流作用。 相似文献
13.
It is not the purpose of this paper to propose a new rock mass classification system but rather to improve the existing ones by incorporating some simple quantitative interpretations. The geomechanics classification system of naturally fractured rock masses is modified to decrease personal judgement involved in its calculation. Instead of six parameters in the classical rock mass rating (RMR) system, only five basic parameters are considered in the proposed system, which are namely, rock quality designation (RQD) value with the underlying frequency distribution function of intact lengths; uniaxial or point load strength of intact rock material; conditions of the most unfavorable joints; groundwater condition; and joint orientation. Classical lump-rating system is replaced by continuous grading system which leaves no ambiguity for an inexperienced engineer in allocating grades based on quantitative field or laboratory measurements. Finally, necessary charts are presented for obtaining straightforward design values concerning average stand-up time and corresponding unsupported span of excavations in fractured rock mass; cohesion as well as friction angle of the rock mass. The continuous RMR system is very convenient for calculators or in writing computer software. The proposed methodology reduces the scale of subjectivity and leads to a unique rock mass design value. 相似文献
14.
在金沙江溪洛渡水电站坝区玄武岩中,进行了3种水力试验,探讨玄武岩渗透性及其尺度效应。平硐渗水试验的试验尺度为1～2 m,渗透系数为10-4～101 m/d,非常离散;地下水示踪试验的尺度为70～145 m,渗透系数为10-0.5～100.5 m/d,非常集中;压水试验的试验尺度为4～7 m,渗透系数值10-2～100 m/d。试验结果显示渗透系数随着试验尺度的增加而增大,笔者认为产生尺度效应的原因在于非均质性。小尺度试验常作用在局部基质段或单条裂隙上,而大尺度试验常穿越几条大裂隙,所获得的渗透系数值要大于前者。在进行裂隙岩体地下水渗流研究时,针对不同尺度的研究对象,应选择不同尺度的野外水力试验来求取渗透系数。 相似文献
15.
针对某水电站地下洞室裂隙灰岩的渗漏问题,现场采集岩样和库水,设计进行了两种方案的水-岩作用试验,历时360 d,其中,方案1在浸泡过程中定期更换浸泡溶液,模拟地下水的长期浸泡和流动更新现象,方案2主要模拟长期浸泡过程。综合水-岩作用下裂隙面微观形貌特征以及浸泡溶液中离子浓度变化,分析水-岩作用下裂隙灰岩的渗流特性变化特征及机制。研究结果表明：在浸泡过程中,单裂隙灰岩的渗透系数呈“先快后慢”的增大趋势,浸泡360 d后,2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0 MPa等4种侧向应力在两种方案下单裂隙灰岩的渗透系数分别增大了729.90%～384.17%、549.04%～297.45%,侧向应力越小,裂隙岩样的渗透系数增大趋势越明显,增长趋势分别在120 d和90 d后趋于稳定。比较而言,方案1裂隙灰岩的渗透系数增长速率和幅度明显较大,为方案2的1.34～2.07倍。方案1定期更换浸泡库水,保持了浸泡溶液的不平衡状态,使得岩样与浸泡溶液间形成了较大的浓度梯度,增加了反应化学势,加快了裂隙表面矿物溶解、溶蚀速率,而方案2中,长期浸泡使得溶液中离子浓度逐渐接近平衡状态,导致裂隙面矿物溶解、溶蚀速率明显低于方案1。长期水-岩作用使得裂隙面粗糙度和波动性明显减小,局部坡度和起伏度逐渐减小,整体溶蚀深度逐渐增加,据此,建立了水-岩作用下单裂隙灰岩渗流通道演化模型,在长期水-岩作用下裂隙岩样的渗流通道逐渐向吻合度低、开度大的方向演化,从而导致了裂隙岩样等效水力开度及渗透系数的大幅度增长。相关研究思路和成果为裂隙岩体的水-岩作用模拟提供了较好的参考。 相似文献
16.
This paper describes the results of the engineering geological investigations and geotechnical studies performed in the Nargesi dam site. The dam foundation located on the sedimentary rocks of Neogen period. To conduct this study, the steps including field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying, drilled borehole data, and permeability were performed on dam foundation. Besides, the evaluation of the dam foundation was carried out by water pressure tests, which indicate the necessity of creating a grout curtain below the dam foundation. The permeability and groutability characteristics of the Nargesi dam foundation are significantly affected by geology of the site. The rock mass properties of the test section obtained from secondary permeability index (SPI) completed with the degree of jointing of the drill core acts as a useful reference for ground treatment design. Here, the performed laboratory tests were as: determination of density, moisture percent, porosity percent, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, Point-load strength index (Is50), p-wave velocity (Cp), s-wave velocity (Cs), deformability, and triaxial tests. The rock mass properties and classifications of the damsite is assessed using rock mass rating, the rock quality (Q), and the geological strength index classification systems. The strength and modulus elasticity of rock masses were determined through the equations proposed by different researchers. According to the findings of this work, except for some cases, there is a reasonable correlation between SPI and rock quality designation values. Based on these results, grout type and composition was suggested for the design of grout curtain. 相似文献
17.
Stress-Dependent Fluid Flow and Permeability in Fractured Media: from Lab Experiments to Engineering Applications 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
J. Zhang W. B. Standifird J.-C. Roegiers Y. Zhang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(1):3-21
Summary. Permeability is a physical property in rocks of extreme importance in energy engineering, civil and environmental engineering,
and various areas of geology. Early on, fractures in fluid flow models were assumed to be rigid. However, experimental research
and field data confirmed that stress-deformation behavior in fractures is a key factor governing their permeability tensor.
Although extensive research was conducted in the past, the three-dimensional stress-permeability relationships, particularly
in the inelastic deformation stage, still remain unclear. In this paper, laboratory experiments conducted on large concrete
blocks with randomly distributed fractures and rock core samples are reported to investigate fluid flow and permeability variations
under uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial complete stress-strain process. Experimental relationships among flowrate, permeability
and fracture aperture in the fractured media are investigated. Results show that the flowrate and stress/aperture exhibit
“cubic law” relationship for the randomly distributed fractures.
A permeability-aperture relationship is proposed according to the experimental results. Based on this relationship, stress-dependent
permeability in a set of fractures is derived in a three-dimensional domain by using a coupled stress and matrix-fracture
interactive model. A double porosity finite element model is extended by incorporating such stress-dependent permeability
effects. The proposed model is applied to examine permeability variations induced by stress redistributions for an inclined
borehole excavated in a naturally fractured formation. The results indicate that permeability around underground openings
depends strongly on stress changes and orientations of the natural fractures. 相似文献
18.
本文提出了一种既能反映裂隙岩体的渗透特性,又相对准确的确定裂隙岩体渗透张量的方法。首先通过裂隙在空间展布状况的测量,用统计学方法初步确定裂隙岩体的渗透张量,获得渗透主值及主方向,然后根据野外压水试验得到的岩体透水率,利用巴布什金公式计算各试段岩体的渗透系数,求出修正系数,从而得到研究区裂隙岩体的修正渗透张量。并运用上述方法对蒲石河抽水蓄能电站上水库坝址区裂隙岩体的渗透张量进行了计算。结果表明,该方法能较好地刻画裂隙岩体渗透性的各向异性特征,可为岩体渗透性分区及防渗帷幕的优化提供科学依据。 相似文献
19.
基于岩石弹性波特性的地震方法是目前地球物理勘探中最主要的方法,岩石中弹性波传播速度是联系岩石物理力学特性与地质学的有效桥梁。对于海相生物成因的珊瑚礁灰岩而言,其弹性波特性研究是了解珊瑚礁体内部整体性质的有效途径。研究表明,珊瑚礁灰岩的弹性纵波速度与干密度、回弹值呈线性正相关关系,与孔隙度呈线性负相关关系。不同结构类型珊瑚礁灰岩弹性波特性表现出显著的差异性,珊瑚骨架灰岩和珊瑚砾块灰岩均匀性较好,珊瑚砾屑灰岩和珊瑚砂屑灰岩离散性较大。基于珊瑚礁灰岩纵波速度与干密度、孔隙度以及回弹值之间的关系,结合某珊瑚礁体钻孔岩芯沿深度变化的回弹值信息以及岩芯薄片光学检测结果,提出一个基于纵波速度的珊瑚礁灰岩质量等级的划分标准,具有一定的可靠度和适用性。运用岩石二相体模型基本原理,建立了修正的时间平均公式,而不同结构类型珊瑚礁灰岩弹性波特性均符合雷莫亨特-加德纳方程。 相似文献
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随机连续模型分析裂隙岩体耦合行为 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用能够反映岩体水力性质空间变异特性的随机连续模型对隧洞开挖过程中的裂隙岩体渗流-应力耦合过程进行了数值分析。随机渗透系数场通过顺序指示模拟方法生成。顺序指示法是一种非参数地质统计学技术,他允许输入任何形式的渗透系数概率分布而不需要对分布做任何假设。由随机模拟生成的渗透系数场被投影到有限元计算网格中进行耦合分析。力学响应使用基于连续介质的节理本构模型来反映岩体中软弱面的影响。结果表明,随机连续模型能够较好地预测裂隙岩体的稳定入渗率,水力性质的空间变异性对裂隙介质的耦合过程起着重要作用。在不排水条件下,隧洞每次开挖开始时,由于岩石应力重分布,孔隙水受到扰动,短时间内不能流动平衡,因此孔压会迅速上升,这对于围岩稳定是不利的。 相似文献