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1.
西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩中不同产出的纯橄岩及成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
罗布莎蛇绿岩中的纯橄岩有三种产出情况,除了与豆荚状铬铁矿伴生的薄壳状纯橄岩外,还有产在方辉橄榄岩底部被认为是堆晶岩的厚层状纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩中的透镜状纯橄岩。厚层状纯橄岩约700～1000m厚,以橄榄石富镁(Fo93～95),单斜辉石低铝富镁(Al2O30.47%～0.85%,Mg#95～97),铬尖晶石高铬低镁(Cr#值平均77,Mg#平均51)为特征。该纯橄岩中的浸染状铬铁矿也是高铬低镁型,但Mg#值(平均59)高于厚层状纯橄岩的副矿物铬尖晶石。薄壳状纯橄岩与厚层状纯橄岩成分相近,其橄榄石Fo92～94,单斜辉石Al2O3<1%和Mg#95～97;铬尖晶石的Cr#值平均71,Mg#值平均52。与薄壳状纯橄岩伴生的块状铬铁矿为高镁高铬型,但Mg#值(平均68)相对更高些,Cr#值平均79。透镜状纯橄岩的特征是橄榄石Fo(91～92)和铬尖晶石Cr#(60左右)均低于前两类纯橄岩,但单斜辉石的Al2O3(1.41%～1.71%)则高于前两者。透镜状纯橄岩的矿物成分与方辉橄榄岩重叠,两者为渐变过渡关系。研究对比表明,罗布莎厚层状纯橄岩不同于经典的蛇绿岩的超镁铁质堆晶岩,认为将其成因解释为拉斑玄武质熔体与地幔橄榄岩的反应较为合理。透镜状纯橄岩与方辉橄榄岩存在成生联系,可能是地幔橄榄岩高度部分熔融的产物,或熔体和方辉橄榄岩在原位发生反应的产物;薄壳状纯橄岩成因与厚层状纯橄岩相同,但与其相伴的块状铬铁矿是否由拉斑玄武质熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应形成,值得商榷。 相似文献
2.
雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段加查县杰莎岩体主要由蚀变较强的方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩、豆荚状铬铁矿组成。铬铁矿矿体呈东西向,倾向北西,矿体的围岩为纯橄岩及方辉橄榄岩,长20~40m,宽1~3m。镜下特征和电子探针分析结果显示铬铁矿中铬尖晶石的Cr#=67.9~88.5,Mg#值变化在64.6~68.2之间,TiO2含量为0.06%~0.18%,Al2O3含量为13.1%~16.5%,表明杰莎铬铁矿为高铬型铬铁矿。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的矿物化学特征表明杰莎岩体既具有深海地幔橄榄岩特征,也具有岛弧地幔橄榄岩的特点。并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石/单斜辉石的矿物化学成分,识别出杰莎岩体至少经历了2期过程,包括早期部分熔融(20%~30%)和晚期的岩石/熔体反应作用(35%)。因此,杰莎地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿可能与雅鲁藏布江缝合带中其他岩体一样,经历了洋中脊及俯冲带的多阶段叠加的过程。 相似文献
3.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2018,(6)
为了研究蛇绿岩型豆荚状铬铁矿床的成因和构造环境,对西藏雅鲁藏布构造带中段的日喀则蛇绿岩大竹曲岩体中的铬铁矿化进行了研究。通过岩相学和地球化学研究,发现大竹曲地幔橄榄岩中铬尖晶石为不规则它形,且全岩的CaO和Al_2O_3含量与铬尖晶石Cr~#分别呈正相关和负相关关系,这表明地幔橄榄岩中铬尖晶石为地幔部分熔融的残余。然而,纯橄岩和矿石中铬尖晶石显示自形-半自形,并可见橄榄石包裹自形铬尖晶石,且纯橄岩与矿石的CaO和Al_2O_3和Cr~#均无相关性,均说明纯橄岩和铬铁矿石形成于岩石-熔体反应。高Cr~#矿石和纯橄岩的母岩浆性质接近于玻镁安山质熔体,而低Cr~#纯橄岩的母岩浆则类似于MORB,表明大竹曲铬铁矿可能形成于弧后扩张中心。 相似文献
4.
丁青蛇绿岩体位于班公湖—怒江缝合带东段,该缝合带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带并列,是寻找我国铬铁矿床的重要地区。该蛇绿岩体呈近南东向展布,总面积近600 km2,主要由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩、硅质岩和泥质岩组成。根据空间分布,丁青蛇绿岩分为东、西两个岩体。在前人工作基础上,通过地质填图、实测剖面、探槽和钻孔编录,共发现豆荚状铬铁矿矿点83处,其中东岩体27处,西岩体56处。根据铬铁矿产出和围岩特征,丁青铬铁矿可分为4种产出类型。类型I:矿体呈脉状产出,围岩为条带状或透镜状纯橄榄岩和块状方辉橄榄岩;类型II:矿体呈透镜状、豆荚状或不规则团块状产出,围岩为薄壳状纯橄榄岩和斑杂状或块状方辉橄榄岩;类型III:矿体呈浸染状弥散分布于纯橄榄岩中,围岩为条带状纯橄榄岩和块状或斑杂状方辉橄榄岩;类型IV:矿体呈条带状产出,围岩为条带状或透镜状纯橄榄岩和具定向结构的方辉橄榄岩。根据矿石构造特征,主要分为块状、脉状、浸染状、浸染条带状4种类型。块状和脉状铬铁矿为矿石的主要类型,少量为浸染状和浸染条带状,局部纯橄榄岩中发育极少量瘤状或豆状构造。本研究选择了13处代表性铬铁矿点开展了详细的岩石学、矿相学、矿物学和矿物化学等工作。根据矿石中铬尖晶石的矿物化学特征,可将丁青铬铁矿矿体分为高铬(Cr#=78～86)、中高铬(Cr#=60～74)、中铬(Cr#2=30～51)和低铬(Cr#=9～14)4种类型(Cr#=100×Cr/(Cr+Al))。丁青东岩体赋存有中高铬型和中铬型铬铁矿,缺少高铬型铬铁矿;西岩体赋存有高铬型和中铬型铬铁矿,缺少中高铬型铬铁矿。同时在丁青东、西岩体内均发现存在一种Cr#极低的铬铁矿,暂定为"低铬型铬铁矿"。这些不同类型的铬铁矿体与野外产出有一定的对应关系,也可能后者制约了它们的成因。与罗布莎岩体中的典型高铬型铬铁矿对比,丁青豆荚状铬铁矿在矿物组合和矿物化学成分等方面具有许多相似性,认为存在较大的找矿空间。 相似文献
5.
阿尔巴尼亚布尔其泽纯橄岩壳非常新鲜,主要由橄榄石、尖晶石和单斜辉石等矿物组成.其中橄榄石存在单斜辉石和铬尖晶石（磁铁矿）共生包裹体现象,包裹体矿物粒度在1~10 μm,有些甚至为纳米级200~500 nm.纯橄岩橄榄石的Fo值为94.7~96.0,铬尖晶石的Cr#为76.5~82.4,远高于蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中常见纯橄岩的铬值（Cr#>60）.基于前人研究结果,提出这种现象是由于亏损方辉橄榄岩与含钛、铬、铁熔体发生交代作用,从而形成橄榄石的固溶体并存在Ti4+、Al3+、Ca2+、Fe3+,而部分Cr3+进入铬尖晶石结晶.后期由于岩体在抬升过程中降温,橄榄石中混溶的组分析出包裹体形成磁铁矿和铬尖晶石.并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石的矿物化学成分,识别出岩体内方辉橄榄岩相对较低的部分熔融程度约为30%~40%,纯橄岩部分熔融程度约为40%,表明不同岩相间其形成背景存在明显差异.因此,认为布尔奇泽蛇绿岩具有多阶段的过程,首先是在洋中脊环境下经历部分熔融作用形成了方辉橄榄岩,后受到俯冲环境（SSZ）的岩石-熔体反应生成更富Mg、Si和Cr等的熔体,致使地幔橄榄岩高度部分熔融,形成此类纯橄岩. 相似文献
6.
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段发现高铬型和高铝型豆荚状铬铁矿体 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
豆英状铬铁矿按其矿物化学组分分为高铝型(Cr#值为20～ 60)和高铬型(Cr#值为60～80)两类(Thayer,1970),在全球已报道的豆英状铬铁矿中普遍为在一岩体内只存一种类型的矿体,而在同一岩体内发现两种类型的铬铁矿体较少见.位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰岩体中首次发现同时存在高铬型和高铝型铬铁矿,岩体由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、火山岩等组成.地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩.在方辉橄榄岩中发现7处透镜状的铬铁矿矿体露头,矿石类型主要有致密块状、稠密浸染状和稀疏浸染状等.矿体长2～6m,厚0.5～2m,矿体的最大延伸方向为北西-南东向,与岩体的展布方向一致,矿石的Cr#=52～88,高铬型铬铁矿包括Cr-2～5矿体,Cr#值为63～89,高铝型铬铁矿有Cr-1和Cr-6矿体,Cr#=52 ～55.矿石中脉石矿物主要为橄榄石、角闪石、蛇纹石等.普兰地幔橄榄岩的矿物结构显示,岩体经历了强烈的部分熔融以及塑性变形作用,地幔橄榄岩的地球化学特征显示岩体形成于MOR,后受到SSZ环境的改造.并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石/单斜辉石的矿物化学成分,识别出普兰地幔橄榄岩至少经历了3次不同的部分熔融,包括早期部分熔融(～10％)、晚期部分熔融(20％～30％)和局部的减压部分熔融作用(～15％).对比其他铬铁矿矿体和地幔橄榄岩的矿物组合,矿物化学和地球化学等,显示普兰豆荚状铬铁矿矿体与典型高铬型、高铝型铬铁矿具相似性,并存在较大的找矿空间. 相似文献
7.
东波超镁铁岩体:西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个甚具铬铁矿前景的地幔橄榄岩体 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
东波超镁铁岩体产在雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,与周边白垩纪沉积岩地层和火山岩以断层接触.航磁资料显示该岩体约400km2规模,地表出露连续,地下有一定延深.超镁铁岩体由亏损的地幔橄榄岩组成,主要有高镁的方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩.方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和斜方辉石属高镁型,分别为Fo=89.5～91.5和Mg#=90～91.5.但二辉橄榄岩中的Al2O3和CaO含量明显高于方辉橄榄岩.方辉橄榄岩中单斜辉石Mg#=92～95,二辉橄榄岩的Mg#=92～93,两者的值也重叠.二辉橄榄岩中的Al2O3和CaO含量要明显高于方辉橄榄岩.这些均为阿尔卑斯型地幔橄榄岩的典型特征.纯橄岩中的橄榄石Fo=92～93.2,其斜方辉石和单斜辉石的Mg#=～93,但Al2O3和CaO的含量比方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的低.三种岩石的成分变化规律,反映了地幔部分熔融程度的差异.二辉橄榄岩铬尖晶石的Cr#值20～30,反映为典型深海橄榄岩特征,指示MOR环境.与其不同的是,方辉橄榄岩的铬尖晶石的Cr#=20～75,指示MOR和SSZ两者兼有环境.岩石的原始地幔标准化的REE和微量元素蛛网图模式支持了上述的认识.东波地幔橄榄岩中的岩石学特征与产有大型铬铁矿床的罗布莎地幔橄榄岩可对比,岩体中已多处发现块状铬铁矿石,其铬铁矿的Cr2O3含量56％～59％,表明东波是寻找铬铁矿大矿和富矿甚具前景的一个超镁铁岩体. 相似文献
8.
早侏罗世东巧蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带(班怒带)东段,蕴含较为丰富的豆荚状铬铁矿资源。东巧地幔橄榄岩主体由方辉橄榄岩组成,铬铁矿赋存在其内部的纯橄岩脉中。方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩均显示出弧前橄榄岩的特征。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为89.8~92.2,斜方辉石的和单斜辉石的Mg^(#)值分别变化于89.7~92.0和92.7~95.1,铬尖晶石的Cr^(#)值(Cr^(#)=100×Cr/(Cr+Al))为60.8~75.9;纯橄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为91.7~92.5,斜方辉石Mg^(#)值变化于91.7~92.1,单斜辉石的Mg^(#)值变化于94.0~94.6,铬尖晶石的Cr^(#)值为69.0~83.1。铬铁矿主要呈致密块状和浸染状构造,其中铬尖晶石的矿物包裹体有橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石和铂族矿物等。矿石中的铬尖晶石与橄榄岩中的铬尖晶石相比,具有较高的Cr^(#)值(72.5~86.9)和Mg^(#)值(52.8~70.5),较低的Al_(2)O_(3)(6.25%~13.6%)、TiO_(2)(0.06%~0.16%)和Zn(518×10^(-6)~714×10^(-6)),属于高铬型铬铁矿,平衡熔体与玻安质熔体有亲缘性。方辉橄榄岩中铂族元素(PGE)总含量(14.01×10^(-9)~32.81×10^(-9))近似于原始地幔,IPGE(Os、Ir和Ru)/PPGE(Rh、Pt和Pd)的比值均大于1;纯橄岩的PGE总量(13.36×10^(-9)~16.08×10^(-9))略低于原始地幔,IPGE和PPGE富集程度近似;铬铁矿的铂族元素总量(108.4×10^(-9)~645.7×10^(-9))远远高于原始地幔和地幔橄榄岩中PGE的含量,且IPGE以及Rh相对原始地幔富集,而Pt和Pd相对亏损,具明显右倾特征的配分模式,指示东巧地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿形成过程经历了熔体抽取和交代作用。通过与全球典型豆荚状铬铁矿矿床的特征对比,认为班怒带的蛇绿岩应该有良好的铬铁矿成矿背景。 相似文献
9.
藏南罗布莎铬铁矿床铬尖晶石矿物学与矿床成因研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床是我国目前研究程度最高、规模最大、地幔橄榄岩相对新鲜的豆荚状铬铁矿床,主要工业矿体产于蛇绿岩壳-幔边界(即岩石莫霍面)以下方辉橄榄岩相带一定层位中,主要有块状、浸染状和豆状等矿石类型。罗布莎铬尖晶石成分变化范围大,依据铬尖晶石的化学成分与矿物学研究至少可识别出3个期次铬尖晶石:(1)成矿前期铬尖晶石,主要以熔蚀残斑晶、出溶晶及少量自形晶形式产于方辉橄榄岩中,以富Al2O3为特征,Cr#值变化范围大(17.19~66.30),且大部分小于60,并与Mg#值呈负相关关系,由出溶晶,残斑晶到自形晶铬尖晶石,总体表现向富Cr、Fe的方向演变;(2)成矿主期铬尖晶石,可分为早、晚2个阶段。早阶段铬尖晶石主要以它形晶产于不同类型铬铁矿石中,部分呈自形-半自形晶产于铬铁矿体的纯橄岩外壳中,主要以富铬为特征,矿石中Cr#值变化范围小(70.08~87.03),均大于60,其中块状铬铁矿具有最高的Cr#和Mg#,由纯橄岩外壳中副矿物铬尖晶石向豆状、浸染状矿石以及块状矿石演变过程中,铬尖晶石化学成分总体向更富Cr、富Mg方向演变;晚阶段铬尖晶石:主要以自形-半自形晶产于具堆晶结构的纯橄岩相带中,成份上以更加富而贫Al2O3,且具有最低Mg#(18.79~44.77)值为特征;(3)成矿晚期铬尖晶石,主要以网状集合体产于豆状-网脉状(眼眉状)矿石中,以更贫Al、富Fe为特征,具有最高的Cr#值和低的Mg#值。综合研究表明,罗布莎铬铁矿中的铬主要来自原始地幔岩本身,且主要来自于地幔橄榄岩中2种辉石的不一致熔融和对副矿物铬尖晶石的改造,原始富铬矿物可能来自地幔深部的八面体硅酸盐矿物。罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿的成矿作用具有多期次、多成因、多种构造背景下成矿特征,成矿作用过程经历了由大洋中脊(MOR)扩张环境向岛弧体系俯冲环境的转变过程,洋内俯冲带之上(SSZ)的弧间盆地环境是形成冶金级豆荚状铬铁矿的最为有利构造环境。研究提出了罗布莎铬铁矿的"三阶段"成矿模式,即,经历了大洋中脊预富集阶段,俯冲带之上主成矿阶段及之后的构造抬升改造阶段。纯橄岩与方辉橄榄岩接触带之下的方辉橄榄岩相带是寻找较大规模铬铁矿床的有利地带。 相似文献
10.
豆荚状铬铁矿是关键金属铬的重要来源之一,尽管豆荚状铬铁矿的研究取得了诸多进展,但对于发育于蛇绿岩壳-幔过渡带的铬铁矿成因却涉及较少。阿尔巴尼亚布尔齐泽岩体壳-幔过渡带中产出的Cerruja豆荚状铬铁矿矿床,其矿体及纯橄岩围岩普遍被辉石岩脉穿切,辉石岩脉与矿体接触带以及辉石岩脉中的铬尖晶石强烈破碎,在铬尖晶石的裂隙和包裹体中发育大量富Ti矿物相,如金红石、钛铁矿和榍石等,是研究壳-幔过渡带铬铁矿成因的理想对象。Cerruja豆荚状铬铁矿及纯橄岩围岩中铬尖晶石Cr#分别为0.56~0.58和0.52~0.55,属于高铝型铬铁矿。接触带及辉石岩脉中的铬尖晶石Cr#明显升高（分别为0.57~0.67和0.72~0.83）,且Ti、V、Mn、Sc、Co、Zn和Ga含量也升高。本文依据铬尖晶石的结构及矿物化学成分变化特征,提出布尔齐泽壳-幔过渡带铬铁矿经历多阶段演化叠加：首先,Mirdita-Pindos洋盆在侏罗纪（约165 Ma）发生洋内初始俯冲,软流圈物质上涌生成的MORB-like弧前玄武质熔体随着俯冲的进行逐渐向玻安质熔体演变,期间产生的过渡型熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应生成高铝型铬铁矿;然后,部分MORB-like弧前玄武质熔体随着堆晶间隙分离结晶往富Fe和Ti的方向演化,改造早期形成的高铝型铬铁矿并结晶高铬型铬铁矿,同时生成金红石、钛铁矿和榍石等富Ti矿物相。 相似文献
11.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1105-1123
ABSTRACTA chromite deposit was discovered in the Kudi ophiolite in the Palaeozoic western Kunlun orogenic belt. Chromite forms elongated (<2 m in width) and banded chromitite bodies (<0.1 m in width for each band) in dunite and podiform chromitite bodies (<1.5 m in width) in harzburgite. Dunite is classified into two types. Type I dunite hosting massive and banded chromitites shows low Fo in olivine (88.1–90.9), moderate Cr# [=Cr/(Cr + Al), 0.47–0.56] in chromite, and a positively sloped primitive mantle-normalized platinum group elements (PGE) pattern, suggesting that it is a cumulate of a mafic melt. Harzburgite and type II dunite show olivine with high Fo (>91.1) and chromite with moderate to high Cr# (0.44–0.61), and flat to negatively sloped primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns, indicating that they are residual mantle peridotite after partial melting. Chromite in all three types of chromitites has relatively uniform moderate values Cr# ranging from 0.43 to 0.56. Massive chromitite contains euhedral chromite with high TiO2 (0.40–0.43 wt.%) and has a positively sloped primitive mantle-normalized PGE pattern, suggesting that it represents a cumulate of a melt. Rocks containing disseminated and banded chromite show overall low total PGE, < 117 ppb, and a negatively sloped primitive mantle-normalized PGE pattern. Chromite grains in these two types of occurrences are irregular in shape and enclose olivine grains, suggesting that chromite formed later than olivine. We suggest that chromite-oversaturated melt penetrated into the pre-existing dunite and crystallized chromite. The oxygen fugacity (fO2 values of chromitites and peridotites are high, ranging from FMQ+0.8 (0.8 logarithmic unit above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer) to FMQ+2.3 for chromitites and from FMQ+0.9 to FMQ+2.8 for peridotites (dunite and harzburgite). The mineral compositions and high fO2 values as well as estimated parental magma compositions of the chromitites suggest that the Kudi ophiolite formed in a sub-arc setting. 相似文献
12.
The ultramafic massif of Bulqiza, which belongs to the eastern ophiolitic belt of Albania, is a major source of metallurgical chromitite ore. The massif consists of a thick (> 4 km) sequence, composed from the base upward of tectonized harzburgite with minor dunite, a transitional zone of dunite, and a magmatic sequence of wehrlite, pyroxenite, troctolite and gabbro. Only sparse, refractory chromitites occur within the basal clinopyroxene-bearing harzburgites, whereas the upper and middle parts of the peridotite sequence contain abundant metallurgical chromitites. The transition zone dunites contain a few thin layers of metallurgical chromitite and sparse bodies are also present in the cumulate section. The Bulqiza Ophiolite shows major changes in thickness, like the 41–50 wt.% MgO composition similar with forearc peridotite as a result of its complex evolution in a suprasubduction zone (SSZ) environment. The peridotites show abundant evidence of mantle melt extraction at various scales as the orthopyroxene composition change from core to rim, and mineral compositions suggest formation in a forearc, as Fo values of olivine are in 91.1–93.0 harzburgite and 91.5–91.9 in dunite and 94.6–95.9 in massive chromitite. The composition of the melts passing through the peridotites changed gradually from tholeiite to boninite due to melt–rock reaction, leading to more High Cr# chromitites in the upper part of the body. Most of the massive and disseminated chromitites have high Cr# numbers (70–80), although there are systematic changes in olivine and magnesiochromite compositions from harzburgites, to dunite envelopes to massive chromitites, reflecting melt–rock reaction. Compositional zoning of orthopyroxene porphyroblasts in the harzburgite, incongruent melting of orthopyroxene and the presence of small, interstitial grains of spinel, olivine and pyroxene likewise attest to modification by migrating melts. All of the available evidence suggests that the Bulqiza Ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone mantle wedge. 相似文献
13.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(1):130-152
The chrome ores of the abandoned Eretria mine of the East Othris ophiolite occur within a pervasively serpentinized and sheared harzburgite body. They consist of massive chromitites with mylonitic fabric in imbricate shaped pods. Modal analyses of these ores average at about 90–95% chromian spinel (Cr-spinel) and 5–10% secondary silicates. Chromian spinel compositions vary in Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al) × 100] and Mg# [Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) × 100] from 44 to 62 and from 59 to 81, respectively. Trace element (Ti, Ni, V, Mn, Zn, Sc, Co and Ga) contents in Cr-spinel do not show significant variations from grain cores to grain boundaries. However, Cr-spinel compositions show depletions in Ti, Zn and Sc when compared to the composition of accessory Cr-spinel from typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Mineral inclusions hosted in Cr-spinel comprise a range of (hydrous and anhydrous) silicate and base metal (BM) minerals occasionally intergrown with phosphate minerals and rare intermetallic compounds. A number of these inclusions have Cr-spinel rims with higher Cr# (63–68) than those of the enclosing Cr-spinel grains.The absence of dunite sheaths around chromitites is interpreted as an artifact of dunite structural obliteration during prolonged ductile shearing within harzburgite. The microtextural characteristics of a number of inclusions in Cr-spinel imply that they were initially fully molten. Furthermore, primary hydrosilicate (amphibole, phlogopite) inclusions in Cr-spinel indicate that chromitites crystallized from a water-bearing melt. Chromian spinel rims around silicate inclusions probably represent early crystals generated from a primitive magma produced by melting of a depleted mantle source.Geochemical calculations demonstrate that the parental melts of chromitites had intermediate affinity between MORB and arc-related magmas. Our preferred hypothesis for the genesis of the Eretria chromitites is that they were formed from a melt originated within the hydrated mantle wedge beneath a nascent forearc basin during subduction initiation. 相似文献
14.
REE and PGE Geochemical Constraints on the Formation of Dunites in the Luobusa Ophiolite, Southern Tibet 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
ZHOU MEI-FU; ROBINSON PAUL T.; MALPAS JOHN; EDWARDS STEPHEN J.; QI LIANG 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(3):615-639
The Luobusa ophiolite, Southern Tibet, lies in the Indus–YarlungZangbo suture zone that separates Eurasia to the north fromthe Indian continent to the south. The ophiolite contains awell-preserved mantle sequence consisting of harzburgite, clinopyroxene(cpx)-bearing harzburgite and dunite. The harzburgite containsabundant pods of chromitite, most of which have dunite envelopes,and the cpx-bearing harzburgites host numerous dunite dykes.Dunite also exists as a massive unit similar to those of themantle–crust transition zones in other ophiolites. Allof the dunites in the ophiolite have a similar mineralogy, comprisingmainly olivine with minor orthopyroxene and chromite and tracesof clinopyroxene. They also display similar chemical compositions,including U-shaped chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Mantle-normalizedPGE patterns show variable negative Pt anomalies. Detailed analysisof a chromite-bearing dunite dyke, which grades into the hostcpx-bearing harzburgite, indicates that LREE and Ir decrease,whereas HREE, Pd and Pt increase away from the dunite. Thesefeatures are consistent with formation of the dunite dykes byinteraction of MORB peridotites with boninitic melts from whichthe chromitites were formed. Because the transition-zone dunitesare mineralogically and chemically identical to those formedby such melt–rock reaction, we infer that they are ofsimilar origin. The Luobusa ultramafic rocks originally formedas MORB-source upper mantle, which was subsequently trappedas part of a mantle wedge above a subduction zone. Hydrous meltsgenerated under the influence of the subducted slab at depthmigrated upward and reacted with the cpx-bearing harzburgitesto form the dunite dykes. The modified melts ponded in smallpockets higher in the section, where they produced podiformchromitites with dunite envelopes. At the top of the mantlesection, pervasive reaction between melts and harzburgite producedthe transition-zone dunites. KEY WORDS: melt–rock interaction; REE; PGE; hydrous melt; mantle; ophiolite; Tibet 相似文献
15.
The Bir Tuluha ophiolite is one of the most famous chromitite-bearing occurrences in the Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia, where chromitite bodies are widely distributed as lensoidal pods of variable sizes surrounded by dunite envelopes, and are both enclosed within the harzburgite host. The bulk-rock geochemistry of harzburgites and dunites is predominately characterized by extreme depletion in compatible trace elements that are not fluid mobile (e.g., Sr, Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr and heavy REE), but variable enrichment in the fluid-mobile elements (Rb and Ba). Harzburgites and dunites are also enriched in elements that have strong affinity for Mg and Cr such as Ni, Co and V. Chromian spinels in all the studied chromitite pods are of high-Cr variety; Cr-ratio (Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio) show restricted range between 0.73 and 0.81. Chromian spinels of the dunite envelopes also show high Cr-ratio, but slightly lower than those in the chromitite pods (0.73–0.78). Chromian spinels in the harzburgite host show fairly lower Cr-ratio (0.49–0.57) than those in dunites and chromitites. Platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromitite pods generally exhibit steep negative slopes of typical ophiolitic chromitite PGE patterns; showing enrichment in IPGE (Os, Ir and Ru), over PPGE (Rh, Pt and Pd). The Bir Tuluha ophiolite is a unimodal type in terms of the presence of Ru-rich laurite, as the sole primary platinum-group minerals (PGM) in chromitite pods. These petrological features indicates that the Bir Tuluha ophiolite was initially generated from a mid-ocean ridge environment that produced the moderately refractory harzburgite, thereafter covered by a widespread homogeneous boninitic melt above supra-subduction zone setting, that produced the high-Cr chromitites and associated dunite envelopes. The Bir Tuluha ophiolite belt is mostly similar to the mantle section of the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic ophiolites, but it is a “unimodal” type in terms of high-Cr chromitites and PGE-PGM distribution. 相似文献
16.
The Guleman ophiolite,one of the most important ophiolitic massifs of the Southeast Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt,consists of a core of serpentinized mantle rocks overlain by an ultramafic sequence,layered and isotropic gabbro,and sheeted dykes.The ophiolite structurally overlies the Lower Miocene Lice Formation and is overlain by young sandstones and shales of the Upper Maashtrichtian-Lower Eocene Hazar Complex and Middle Eocene Maden Complex.The Guleman ophiolite tectonically overlain by Precambrian to Upper Triassic Bitlis metamorphic massif.The mantle peridotites compose mainly of fresh and in place serpentinized harzburgite tectonite with local bands and lenses of dunites with large-sized chromitite pods.The Guleman peridotites commonly show porphyroclastic texture,high-temperature fabrics such as kink-bands in olivines.According to microprobe analyses,the harzburgite and dunite have low Ca O and Al2O3 abundance similar to Mariana forearc,and their average Cr-(=Cr/(Cr+Al)atomic)ratio of Cr-spinelsis surprisingly high(0.63)besides Fo content of olivine is between 90.9 to 92.3 in peridotites.According to Mg#(Mg/(Mg+Fe2+))versus Cr#in spinel diagram,the degree of partial melting is higher than 35%and spinel values plot in the forearc peridotites field.The Gulemanharzburgites have low Ca O,Al2O3 and Ti O2 contents in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene lammelles,resembling those of depleted harzburgites from modern forearcs and different from moderately depleted abyssal peridotites.Consequently,we propose that the Guleman peridotites form in a forearc setting during the subduction initiation that developed as a result of northward subduction of the southern branch of the Neo-Tethys in response to the convergence between Arabian and Anatolian plates. 相似文献
17.
依拉山蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中部,主要由蚀变较强的方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩及豆荚状铬铁岩组成。铬铁矿矿体集中分布在依拉山岩体北部,围岩以纯橄岩为主,少量为方辉橄榄岩。铬铁岩中铬尖晶石的电子探针分析结果表明Cr~#值为64.2～73.9,Mg~#值为46.9～71.6,TiO_2为0.03%～0.31%,Al_2O_3为4.5%～18.7%,指示依拉山铬铁矿为高铬型铬铁矿。方辉橄榄岩的稀土元素及微量元素配分模式指示其具有深海地幔橄榄岩的特征,铬铁矿的铂族元素具有IPGE富集而PPGE亏损的特点,呈现出右倾的配分模式,且Pd/Ir与Pt/Pt~*之间不存在明确的相关性,反映出依拉山岩体经历了岩石-熔体反应的演化过程。结合其他岩体内铬铁矿的对比研究,提出依拉山铬铁矿可能是在俯冲带环境下,由玻安质熔体与岩石反应形成,并经历了多阶段的演化过程,即早期的洋中脊(MORB)环境以及后期的俯冲带(SSZ)的改造。 相似文献
18.
Summary ?Many ultramafic complexes, some of which have chromitite bodies, are exposed in the Sangun zone in central Chugoku district,
Southwest Japan. Harzburgite is always dominant over dunite, but the dunite/harzburgite ratio varies from complex to complex.
Large chromitite bodies are exclusively found in relatively dunite-dominant complexes or portions.
The degree of roundness, DR#=[area/(round-length)2] (normalized by a circle’s value: 1/4π), of chromian spinel is variable, depending on lithology of the peridotites. Chromian
spinel is mostly anhedral or even vermicular (less than 0.4 in DR#) in harzburgite, and is most frequently euhedral or rounded
(within the range of 0.7 to 0.9 in DR#) in dunite.
The morphology of spinel is correlated with chemistry: the DR# is positively correlated with Ti content and Fe3+#(=Fe3+/(Cr + Al + Fe3+)), but is not related to Cr#. When chromitite is present in dunite, the spinel is relatively anhedral (vermicular) and low
in Ti and Fe3+# in the dunite whereas it is relatively euhedral and high in Ti and Fe3+# in surrounding harzburgite. We define these spinels as “extraordinary” spinels, which are commonly found in Wakamatsu mine
area in the Tari-Misaka complex, which exploits the largest chromite body in Japan. The rocks with the “extraordinary” spinels
show transitional lithologies (a gradual boundary, one meter to several tens of meters in width) between dunite and harzburgite
with “ordinary” spinels.
The formation of dunite and chromitite is interpreted as a result of the reaction of harzburgite with a relatively Ti-rich
magma (back-arc basin or MORB-like magma) and related magma mixing, as discussed by Arai and Yurimoto (1994). The dike-like occurrence of the dunite and chromitite indicates that the reaction took place along melt conduits
(=fractures) less than 200 m in width. Podiform chromitites were formed only when the reaction zone was relatively wide (several
tens of meters in width), that is, only when the degree of interaction was relatively high. The magma modified by the reaction
percolated, possibly by porous flow from the reaction zone outward, and changed the texture and chemistry of chromian spinel,
on the scale of several tens of meters. This type of melt transport, or melt flow through fractures with a melt percolation
aureole, may be prevalent in the uppermost mantle.
Received February 8, 2000;/revised version accepted December 22, 2000 相似文献