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1.
白云鄂博矿床成因的Mg同位素制约 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb矿床是世界著名的巨型多金属矿床,它的成因一直是个激烈争论的问题。近年来Mg同位素研究快速发展,在示踪幔源火成碳酸岩和沉积碳酸盐岩方面显示出一定的潜力,为白云鄂博矿床成因问题的究提供了新的途径。对白云鄂博矿床H8白云岩、碳酸岩墙白云岩,以及中元古代沉积白云岩,腮林忽洞微晶丘白云岩的Mg同位素进行了对比研究。研究结果表明:碳酸岩墙样品的δ26Mg-DSM3变化范围为-0.34‰~-0.14‰,平均值-0.24‰,落在地幔岩端元;中元古代沉积白云岩的δ26MgDSM3为-1.81‰~-1.53‰;H8白云岩的δ26MgDSM3变化范围为-1.13‰~-0.10‰,平均值-0.53‰,部分落在地幔岩范围,部分落在地幔岩和沉积白云岩之间;而腮林忽洞微晶丘白云岩的δ26MgDSM3最轻,为-1.99‰~-1.93‰。白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩的Mg同位素组成特征不支持正常白云岩沉积成因和微晶丘成因观点,更倾向于火成碳酸浆成因观点。 相似文献
2.
白云鄂博富稀土元素碳酸岩墙的
碳和氧同位素特征 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床东矿北东方向2 k m、切割白云鄂 博群H1及H3岩性段的细粒方解石碳酸岩岩墙的碳和氧同位素地球化学特征。结果表明,碳酸 岩的碳同位素组成变化范围较小(δ13C值为-6.6‰ ~ -4.6‰),与正常地幔碳δ 13C值-5±2‰一致;而氧同位素组成变化范围较大(δ18O值为11.9‰~17.7‰ ),显著高于地幔的δ18O值5.7±1.0‰,表明碳酸岩浆在结晶过程中或之后曾与 低 温热液流体发生了同位素交换。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于 0‰,处于不平衡状态,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,白云石可能 为次生成因的。 相似文献
3.
白云鄂博碳酸岩墙碳氧同位素地球化学 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
对内蒙古白云鄂博 REE- Fe- Nb矿床周围碳酸岩墙中共存的方解石和白云石进行了 C和 O同位素分析。结果表明,方解石和白云石的δ 13C值变化范围一致,均为- 3.5‰~- 7.3‰,落在正常地幔δ 13C值范围 (- 5‰± 2‰ )内;而它们的δ 18O值可分为两组,第Ⅰ 组为 9.5‰~ 18.0‰,第Ⅱ 组为 20.6‰~ 22.6‰,均远大于正常地幔δ 18O值范围 (5.7‰± 1.0‰ )。第Ⅰ 组低δ 18O值样品中共存白云石与方解石之间的 C和 O同位素分馏均为负值,因此处于热力学不平衡状态,指示它们自形成后受到过后期热液蚀变,与先前的岩石学观察一致。相反,第Ⅱ 组高δ 18O值样品中白云石与方解石之间的 C和 O同位素分馏均为正值,处于热力学平衡状态,指示它们自形成后未受到后期热液蚀变,因此可能沉淀于晚期低温高δ 18O值流体。第Ⅰ 组碳酸岩墙中白云石的 C和 O同位素组成不呈线性分布,指示碳酸岩浆并非由幔源碳酸盐与沉积碳酸盐混合形成。应用水-岩交换模型计算得到,第Ⅰ 组碳酸岩在侵位后经历了碳酸岩浆期后热液的不均一蚀变,蚀变温度约在 220~ 800℃之间,蚀变流体的 CO2/H2O比值较小 (1/500),但水 /岩比值变化较大 (10~ 400)。由于低温下方解石与热液之间的碳氧同位素交换速率大于白云石,导致这部分碳酸 相似文献
4.
易门铜厂矿床是滇中易门铜矿带中的Cu品位较低的大型矿床,是矿带中的一种代表性矿床。矿区发育沉积-成岩型铜矿(铜厂式)和热液脉状铜矿(大尖山式)两种矿(化)体,成矿地质作用较特殊。本文系统分析两类矿体和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成。结果表明,铜厂式矿石中白云石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)=-3.7‰~1.4‰,平均值-0.1‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=19.7‰~21.7‰,平均值20.8‰,与赋矿碳酸盐地层(落雪组)中的白云石C、O同位素组成一致,均在正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩的范围,且受成岩期后作用的影响小,具有典型的沉积-成岩成因标志。尖山式矿体的脉石矿物方解石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)=-3.7‰~0.1‰(均值为-1.5‰),δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=11.9‰~17.0‰(均值为14.1‰),与沉积-成岩型矿体和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成明显不同,在δ~(13)C_(PDB)-δ~(18)O_(SMOW)图上集中于岩浆碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间的狭小范围内,指示其成矿流体与幔源或深部岩浆活动有关,为壳-幔混合流体。其中壳源组分可能主要由矿区碳酸盐地层提供,而幔源组分则可能与晋宁-澄江期基性岩浆活动过程中的去气作用有关。C、O同位素组成证据说明,铜厂矿区层状铜矿和脉状铜矿的成矿作用类型不同,成矿流体也不具同源性,是典型的沉积-成岩型+热液叠加型矿床。 相似文献
5.
研究了若尔盖铀矿田中灰岩、硅灰岩及方解石脉的碳氧同位素组成,结果表明产于地层中的灰岩、硅灰岩及方解石脉的δ13C值为-1.48‰~3.18‰,平均为1.51‰,为海洋沉积碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成特征;δ18O值为-12.81‰~-3.71‰,平均为-9.92‰,在铀矿田中δ18O值最高.与成矿作用关系最为密切的含矿方解石脉δ13C值为-2.78‰~-4.81‰,平均为-3.93‰,明显表现为地幔来源的特点;δ18O值为-13.14‰~-15.05‰,平均为-13.87‰,其值在铀矿田中介于地层中岩石(脉)与矿区方解石脉之间.矿区方解石脉的δ13C值为-3.53‰~-6.35‰,平均为-4.93‰,与含矿方解石脉的碳同位素组成相近,表明其亦是成矿作用的产物;δ18O值为-16.00‰~-24.75‰,平均为-19.36‰,在铀矿田中δ18O值最低,明显表现为深部来源特征.综合若尔盖铀矿田的碳氧同位素组成特征,暗示其成矿流体应当来源于地幔. 相似文献
6.
中国南方灯影峡期(晚前寒武纪)是白云岩广泛发育的海洋碳酸盐沉积时期,在灯影组.中部发育从海水直接沉积、沉淀的原生白云岩,目前仍保留其原始组构特征。从40个原生白云石(岩)中测得:泥晶白云石的δ13C值为3.64‰,δ18O值为-1.17‰(n=6);藻白云岩的δ13C值为3.52‰,δ18O值为-1.86‰(n=15);海水纤状白云石胶结物δ13C值为2.90‰,δ18O值为-2.65‰(n=8);海水刃状白云石胶结物的δ13C值为2.96‰,δ18O值为-2.41‰(n=8);泥晶纹层和海水纤状白云石胶结物的δ13C值为2.79‰,δ18O值为-3.13‰。40个岩样的δ13C平均值为3.25‰±0.44‰,δ18O平均值为-2.12‰±0.98‰(均以PDB标准)。对于灯影峡期海相白云岩的原始δ13C和δ18O值,不采用所有样品的平均值,而是采用原生白云石沉积物与海水白云石胶结物δ13C值和δ18O值两个图示分布区重叠部分的最重同位素值,即:δ13C值为4.43‰(PDB标准),δ18O值为-0.62‰(PDB标准),将其作为灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩的原始同位素组成。对海水原生白云石胶结物包裹体盐度进行了测定,海水δ18O计算值为2.90‰(SMOW标准),用原始δ18O值计算的原生白云石形成时的海水温度为40.8 ℃。这说明中国南方灯影峡期的海洋为炎热的较高的海水温度环境。 相似文献
7.
白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造地球化学特征及成因:元素及同位素新证据 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过野外地质观察和室内镜下研究,利用XRF和ICP-MS对白云岩及其周围的板岩的主、微量元素进行分析,同时对硫化矿化的样品开展硫同位素测试。元素测试结果显示白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造白云岩既具有部分火成碳酸岩的地球化学特征,也具有部分沉积碳酸岩的地球化学特征,表明白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造赋矿白云岩不是典型的火成碳酸岩或沉积碳酸盐岩。硫同位素的测试结果表明,全岩的硫同位素组成不呈塔式模型分布,出现两个比较明显的峰值,一个在0‰左右,具有深源特征;另一个在+8‰左右,明显高于幔源硫,这个结果说明其来源可能有两个:地幔和海水。赋矿白云岩中Nb随着稀土的富集也发生富集作用,但是Ta的富集作用却十分微弱,显示了成矿热液强烈富REE和Nb及贫Ta的元素地球化学特征。据元素和硫同位素结果,我们认为白云鄂博赋矿白云岩是沉积碳酸盐受地幔碳酸岩岩浆及派生的流体交代的产物,而非直接源于火山碳酸岩喷发成因。地幔深部碳酸岩岩浆及其派生的富稀土流体沿区域性深大断裂上涌与沉积碳酸盐岩进行交代作用,形成了白云鄂博独特巨大的Fe-REE-Nb矿床及区域性的稀土矿床。 相似文献
8.
白云鄂博地区相关地质单元的铁同位素特征及其对白云鄂博矿床成因的制约 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb矿床是世界著名的巨型多金属矿床,它的成因一直是个激烈争论的问题,观点主要集中在沉积成因和岩浆成因上,而铁的物质来源问题是争论的焦点之一。近年来Fe同位素的快速发展为解决白云鄂博铁矿的成因提供了新思路。对白云鄂博地区发育的白云鄂博群尖山组铁质板岩、宽沟北沉积型铁矿、腮林忽洞微晶丘、灰绿岩墙这些相关地质单元的Fe同位素组成特征进行了研究,为白云鄂博矿床成因研究提供了最直接的参考。结果表明,尖山组铁质板岩的δ56Fe值为-0.49‰~0.48‰,平均值为-0.03‰±0.84‰,2SD,n=5;宽沟北沉积型铁矿的δ56Fe值为-0.68‰~0.23‰,平均值为-0.10‰±0.78‰,2SD,n=5;腮林忽洞微晶丘δ56Fe值为-0.64‰~0.12‰,平均值为-0.28‰±0.57‰,2SD,n=6;辉绿岩的Fe同位素组成δ56Fe值集中在0.11‰~0.16‰。腮林忽洞微晶丘总体上比白云鄂博赋矿白云岩富集Fe的轻同位素,Fe同位素组成变化也相对更大,表明两者可能有不同的成因。白云鄂博地区尖山组铁质板岩、宽沟北沉积型铁矿与世界其他地区含铁沉积建造的Fe同位素组成类似,其共同特征是,Fe同位素变化较大,总体上δ56Fe大于0‰。这一特征与白云鄂博铁矿的Fe同位素组成差别较大。白云鄂博矿床的δ56Fe集中在0‰附近,与白云鄂博地区灰绿岩、世界不同地区火成岩和岩浆型铁矿的Fe同位素组成特征一致。表明白云鄂博铁矿可能不是沉积成因的,更有可能与岩浆作用有关。 相似文献
9.
中国南方灯影峡期(晓前寒武纪)是白云岩广泛发育的海洋碳酸盐沉积时期.在灯影组中部发育从海水直接沉积、沉淀的原生白云岩。目前仍保留其原始组构特征。从40个原生白云石(岩)中测得:泥晶白云石的δ^13C值为‰,δ^18O值为-1.17‰(n=6);藻白云岩的δ^13C值为3.52‰,δ^18O值为-1.86‰(n=5);海水纤状白云石胶结物δ^13C值为2.90‰,δ^18O值为-2.65‰(n=8);海水刃状白云石胶结构的δ^13C值为2.96‰,δ^180值为-2.41‰(n=8);泥晶纹层和海水纤状白云石胶结物的δ^13C值为2.79‰,δ^18O值为-3.13‰。40个岩样的δ^13C平均值为3.25‰±0.44‰,δ^18O平均值为-2.12‰±0.98‰(均以PDB标准)。对于灯影峡期海相白云岩的原始δ^13C和δ^18O值,不采用所有样品的平均值.而是采用原生白云石沉积物与海水白云石胶结物δ^13C值和δ^18O值两个图示分布区重叠部分的最重同位素值,即δ^13C值为4.43‰(PDB标准),δ^18O值为-0.62‰(PDB标准),将其作为灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩的原始同位素组成。对海水原生白云石胶结物包裹体盐度进行了测定,海水δ^18O计算值为2.90‰(SMOW标准),用原始δ^18O值计算的厚生白云石形成时的海水温度为408℃。这说明中国南方灯影峡期的海洋为走热的较高的海水温度环境。 相似文献
10.
多彩地玛铅锌矿位于青藏高原东北缘的青海玉树地区,夹持于西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带与班公湖-怒江缝合带之间,属于"三江"北段铜铅锌银多金属成矿带。结合区域地质调查及研究现状,对矿区围岩碳酸盐岩和两期热液方解石脉开展了C-O同位素组成分析,对硫化物矿石矿物和重晶石进行了S同位素组成分析。结果表明:赋矿围岩中方解石的δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O值范围分别为-1.6‰~+3.0‰和+21.2‰~+27.6‰,属于正常海相碳酸盐岩沉积,C和O来自海水;方解石脉体的δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O的值范围分别为-1.5‰~+2.1‰和+15.2‰~+20.3‰,C来自海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,~(18)O因热液蚀变碳酸盐岩在水/岩反应中同位素交换作用的影响而明显亏损;硫酸盐重晶石的δ~(34)S值范围为+12.3‰~+15.7‰,硫化物方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值范围为-8.2‰~+5.7‰,峰值为-2.0‰~-3.0‰,反映了总体富轻硫的特征,硫源主要为盆地热卤水萃取地层蒸发岩中硫酸盐,并通过有机质热分解反应还原为低价硫分馏而得到;硫化物较宽的δ~(34)S变化范围反映了成矿物质在盆地内流体活动期间与不同地层单元发生相互作用,盆地内富有机质地层中沉积或生物成因S也有可能为成矿提供了部分硫源。 相似文献
11.
The isotopic compositions of oxygen and carbon and trace concentrations of magnesium and strontium in speleothems formed in
limestone caves respond to climate changes outside the caves. Measurements of these properties on a stalagmite from Shihua
Cave near Beijing, China, allowed reconstruction of the regional changes in precipitation, temperature and nature of vegetation.
Over the last ∼ 500 years, there were fourteen precipitation cycles with a periodicity of 30–40 years, which may well reflect
fluctuations in the strength of the East Asian summer monsoons reaching northeastern China. Relative to the mean temperature
of this time interval, the period 1620–1900 AD was cold and periods 1520–1620 and 1900–1994 were warm. Over the last ∼ 3000-years,
about eight wet/cool-dry/warm climatic cycles of 300–400 years duration occurred, the latest wet/cool half cycle corresponding
to the Little Ice Age. The δ13C record registers the anthropogenic activities of fossil fuel CO2 combustion in recent decades and regional deforestation between 13 and 16 centuries when Beijing was bustling with palatial
constructions and being developed into the world’s most populated city. 相似文献
12.
Analyses of environmental isotopes (18O, 2H, and 87Sr/86Sr) are applied to groundwater studies with emphasis on saline groundwater in aquifers in the Keta Basin, Ghana. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundwater and surface water of the Keta Basin primarily reflect the geology and the mineralogical composition
of the formations in the catchments and recharge areas. The isotopic compositions of 18O and 2H of deep groundwater have small variations and plot close to the global meteoric water line. Shallow groundwater and surface
water have considerably larger variations in isotopic compositions, which reflect evaporation and preservation of seasonal
fluctuations. A significant excess of chloride in shallow groundwater in comparison to the calculated evaporation loss is
the result of a combination of evaporation and marine sources. Groundwaters from deep wells and dug wells in near-coastal
aquifers are characterized by relatively high chloride contents, and the significance of marine influence is evidenced by
well-defined mixing lines for strontium isotopes, and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, with isotopic compositions of seawater
as one end member. The results derived from environmental isotopes in this study demonstrate that a multi-isotope approach
is a useful tool to identify the origin and sources of saline groundwater.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
13.
The Pb-isotope composition of soils and sediments has been measured from both highly contaminated and non-contaminated regions
of Bayou Trepagnier, a bayou in southern Louisiana that has had oil refinery effluent discharged into it over the past 66 years.
Spoil banks created by the dredging of the bayou bottom approximately 50 years ago are the main source of contamination within
the ecosystem. The 206Pb/207Pb isotope composition of the contaminant is relatively constant averaging 1.275 ±0.008. A literature search reveals that
such radiogenic values are typical of ores from southeastern Missouri. When surficial soil 206Pb/208Pb and 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios are plotted against each other, a straight line is defined (r2=0.99). The linear correlation suggests mixing between Pb from the spoil banks and Pb from a natural source. The latter source
may consist of Pb in soil that has been leached of its natural radiogenic component during weathering processes. Mixing calculations
indicate that transport of contaminant Pb is widespread and occurs several hundred meters from the spoil banks. Despite the
low Pb concentrations of some of the soils, the isotope data demonstrate that a significant amount of the Pb is derived from
the pollutant source.
Received: 12 July 1999 · Accepted: 14 September 1999 相似文献
14.
硫酸根离子(SO42-)是海洋沉积物孔隙水中的重要组分之一。硫酸盐还原菌利用孔隙水中SO42-作为氧化剂氧化沉积物中有机质或甲烷,造成孔隙水中SO42-离子浓度降代,同时使溶解在孔隙水中CO2的碳同位素组成降低。研究表明,在有天然气水合物出现的地区,强烈的甲烷缺氧氧化作用使孔隙水SO42-浓度急剧下降,表现为海底沉积物中硫酸盐-甲烷界面(SMI)较浅。如布莱克海台区,SMI界面为5.1~23.9m,界面附近深解于孔隙水中CO2的δ13C值低达-39%。笔者发现南海北京海区几个站位具有类似于布莱克海台区的较浅的SMI界面(7.5~17.2m)和极低的δ13C值(-29‰),结合其他地质、地球物理和地球化学证据,推测这些站位处可能赋存有天然气水合物,值得开展进一步详查工作。 相似文献
15.
The geochemical and isotopic signature of Quaternary alluvial sediments filling a post-orogenic basin along the Tyrrhenian coasts of Italy (Cornia Plain, Tuscany) was investigated to unravel possible interactions with geothermal fluids from the Larderello geothermal field. Two cores located in the upper (UCP) and lower (LCP) sector of the plain were sampled to depths of up to 80 m. A third core in a neighbouring area not affected by geothermal activity was also sampled (Arno plain at Pisa), and its sediment composition was used as reference. The Cornia sediments (fraction < 65 μm) show high B, Cs and Sb concentrations related to a peculiar chemical enrichment of the clay fraction. They also show remarkable enrichments in As (up to 1000 μg g− 1) reflecting a contribution from local ore deposits.87Sr/86Sr ratios, ranging from 0.71022 to 0.71698, reveal the nature of the weathered mother rocks of the alluvial sediments, whereas the boron isotopic composition, varying from − 20‰ to − 10‰, suggests an interaction between the clay fraction and boron-rich fluids at temperatures greater than 50 °C. This implies that hydrothermal fluids widely circulated within the Cornia basin in the past, ultimately leading to the geochemical anomalies currently recorded in local sediments.Although natural (geogenic) in origin, these anomalies cause severe problems to the regional water management (groundwater exploitation) through leaching of trace elements into circulating groundwater, a phenomenon which has to be carefully studied and monitored. 相似文献
16.
Pollution vulnerability of the Quaternary aquifer near Cairo, Egypt, as indicated by isotopes and hydrochemistry 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
The present study was conducted to delineate the pollution vulnerability of the Quaternary aquifer in two areas, Imbaba and
Shobra El-Khima, near Cairo, Egypt. Environmental isotopes combined with hydrochemistry were used for this purpose. The groundwater
in the Imbaba area (average total dissolved solids about 900 mg/L; sodium/chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate water types)
is more mineralized than groundwater in the Shobra El-Khima area (average total dissolved solids 500 mg/L; calcium and sodium/bicarbonate
water type). A high nitrate content and significant mineralization in the groundwater are probably due to contamination of
recharge to the aquifer by irrigation drainage, deteriorated sewage networks, and septic tanks. The deuterium and oxygen-18
compositions of the groundwater are depleted compared to Nile River water, which is the main source of aquifer recharge. This
less isotopically enriched water probably represents older Nile water recharge that flooded the region before construction
of the Aswan High Dam in 1963, or it is a mixture of a young water and originally deposited paleowater that was in deeper
horizons at a time of cooler and more humid climate. Intensive pumping has moved the paleowater higher in the aquifer. Groundwater
in the Shobra El-Khima area has higher residence time, based on the tritium concentration, than groundwater in the Imbaba
area. The percentage of the isotopically depleted water equals 75% in the Shobra El-Khima and 35% in Imbaba, and the thickness
of the clay cap above the aquifer is 38 m in Shobra El-Khima and 20 m in Imbaba. These factors are indicative of the rate
of recharge to the aquifer and were used to evaluate the pollution vulnerability in the two areas.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
17.
The current use of untreated river water for drinking purposes by the population of French Guiana has important impacts on public health. Consequently, groundwater is of major importance as a possible alternative drinking water supply to reduce these impacts. Since French Guiana belongs to the Guyana Shield, sustainable water management can be expected to depend increasingly on water from fissured aquifers in hard rocks. Groundwater samples were collected from shallow drill holes in the densely populated coastal area, and deeper wells in the basement (around Cayenne and along the Maroni and Oyapock rivers). This study reports on major and trace elements for which Na+ and Ca2+ excess with regard to Cl reflect the role of water-rock interaction, as well as Sr and Nd isotopes that reflect the role of the different lithologies. δ18O and δD in waters give constraints on the water cycle (recharge and evaporation processes). 相似文献
18.
The Holocene carbonate sequence of perennial North Stromatolite Lake, located adjacent to the Coorong Lagoon near Salt Creek, South Australia, includes a prominent sapropelic unit (7 – 12% total organic carbon), in places more than 2 m thick, that was sampled for the purpose of radiocarbon dating and documenting its diatom and ostracod biostratigraphy. The recovered ostracods were also subjected to carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis. The bulk organic matter at the base of the sapropel yielded an uncalibrated 14C age of 6080 ± 60 y BP. Diatoms, where preserved, are almost exclusively benthic. Stratigraphic variation of the proportions of key indicator species in diatom assemblages records a marked oscillation between oligosaline and eusaline conditions in the hypolimnion during deposition of the sapropel. Ostracod carbon isotope data indicate that the lake at this time was eutrophic, thereby enriching the dissolved inorganic carbon of the hypolimnion in 13C. However, the observed secular variation in δ13C implies a mid-sapropel drop in productivity, caused by a freshening of the lake. Ostracod δ18O values display an overall increase through the sapropel consistent with the rising salinity of the hypolimnion. The existence of a flourishing benthic ostracod community, together with the valve ornamentation of Osticythere baragwanathi, indicates that the bottom waters were well oxygenated. Thus, anoxia was not a prerequisite for sapropel accumulation. The biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the sapropel concur in suggesting a lack of climatic uniformity during its deposition, a period of ~1200 years. This study therefore highlights the potential of diatoms and ostracods in shallow perennial alkaline lakes along the Coorong coastal plain as proxies for short-term (102 – 103 years) Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in southeastern Australia. 相似文献
19.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101478
The Ediacaran to early Cambrian Blovice accretionary complex, Bohemian Massif, hosts abundant chert bodies that formed on an oceanic plate and were involved in subduction beneath the northern margin of Gondwana. Field relationships of cherts to their host, their microstructure and elemental as well as isotopic compositions revealed diverse processes of chert petrogenesis reflecting depositional environment and position on the oceanic plate. The deep-water cherts formed through a hydrothermal precipitation of silica-rich gels on outer trench swell of the subducted slab with none or only minor addition of terrigenous material. On the contrary, the shallow-water cherts formed in lagoons on seamount slopes, and at least some of them represent a product of hydrothermal replacement of former carbonate and/or evaporite precursors. For both chert types, the hydrothermal fluids were of low temperature and continuous pervasive hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust, together with an elevated Si content in Neoproterozoic seawater, served as the major source of silica. On the other hand, minor carbon enrichment in chert is mostly linked to variable incorporation of organic matter that was deposited on the seafloor. Rare earth element (REE) systematics of the cherts indicate predominantly oxygenated environment for the shallow-water cherts whereas the deep-water cherts were deposited in diverse redox conditions, depending on their distance from hydrothermal vent. Using these data, we demonstrate that the cherts once formed a part of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) now dismembered and mixed with terrigenous siliciclastic material to form OPS mélanges. Combining our data with those from the existing literature, we show that cherts can serve as significant markers of OPS since the Archean, recording a complex interplay between seafloor-related volcanic (production of MORB- and OIB-like magmas) and sedimentary processes, hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges and seamount chains as well as at outer slopes of subducting slabs. However, the cherts also exhibit a secular change in composition and petrogenesis most profoundly affected by an overturn in seawater silica cycle across the Precambrian–Phanerozoic boundary. 相似文献
20.
The Trigonodus Dolomit is the dolomitized portion of the homoclinal ramp sediments of the Middle Triassic Upper Muschelkalk in the south‐east Central European Basin. Various dolomitizing mechanisms, followed by recrystallization, have been previously invoked to explain the low δ18O, high 87Sr/86Sr, extensive spatial distribution and early nature of the replacive matrix dolomites. This study re‐evaluates the origin, timing and characteristics of the dolomitizing fluids by examining petrographic and isotopic trends in the Trigonodus Dolomit at 11 boreholes in northern Switzerland. In each borehole the ca 30 m thick unit displays the same vertical trends with increasing depth: crystal size increase, change from anhedral to euhedral textures, ultraviolet‐fluorescence decrease, δ18OVPDB decrease from ?1·0‰ at the top to ?6·7‰ at the base and an 87Sr/86Sr increase from 0·7080 at the top to 0·7117 at the base. Thus, dolomites at the top of the unit record isotopic values similar to Middle Triassic seawater (δ18OVSMOW = 0‰; 87Sr/86Sr = 0·70775) while dolomites at the base record values similar to meteoric groundwaters from the nearby Vindelician High (δ18OVSMOW = ?4·0‰; 87Sr/86Sr = >0·712). According to water–rock interaction modelling, a single dolomitizing or recrystallizing fluid cannot have produced the observed isotopic trends. Instead, the combined isotopic, geochemical and petrographic data can be explained by dolomitization via seepage‐reflux of hypersaline brines into dense, horizontally‐advecting groundwaters that already had negative δ18O and high 87Sr/86Sr values. Evidence for the early groundwaters is found in meteoric calcite cements that preceded dolomitization and in fully recrystallized dolomites with isotopic characteristics identical to the groundwaters following matrix dolomitization. This study demonstrates that early groundwaters can play a decisive role in the formation and recrystallization of massive dolomites and that the isotopic and textural signatures of pre‐existing groundwaters can be preserved during seepage‐reflux dolomitization in low‐angle carbonate ramps. 相似文献