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西藏冈底斯带东段石炭纪构造环境讨论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
冈底斯带东段石炭纪构造环境存有争议。本文通过岩石地球化学分析,发现石炭纪诺错组和来姑组火山岩具有碱性系列向拉斑系列过渡的特征,具有双峰火山岩特点;石炭纪玄武岩样品的平均化学成分与大陆拉斑玄武岩的平均值较为接近;微量元素除Ti、Yb、Y之外,其他元素都富集,其中Rb、Th、Ce富集程度相对较高;稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土富集,铕、铈异常不明显。显示出石炭纪玄武岩的地球化学特征均与大陆拉斑玄武岩相似。构造环境判别图解显示,石炭纪玄武岩样品主要落入板内环境的大陆拉张带(或初始裂谷)玄武岩区。因而认为冈底斯东段在石炭纪属于陆内裂谷或被动陆缘裂谷环境。 相似文献
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藏北双湖地区海西期和印支期火山岩均以夹层形式产于海相沉积岩层中.海西期火山岩高度富集轻稀土元素和明显富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素与Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,无Nb、Ta、Ti亏损等特点,表明其具有大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩和洋岛碱性玄武岩的特征;以其不相容元素比值,相当于Gough岛EMⅠ OIB型洋岛玄武岩,其构造环境判别图进一步印证了海西期火山岩形成于洋岛碱性玄武岩环境.印支期火山岩贫轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,相对贫Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素;但Nb、Ta并不亏损以及稀土配分曲线较平缓等特点,表明其具有大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩特征;其微量元素、稀土元素的丰度及曲线特征可以与确定环境的红海88GTV岩样、东非大裂谷B10C岩样的丰度及曲线特征相类比,且构造环境判别图也共同印证了印支期火山岩形成于类似红海-东非裂谷型的大陆裂谷,初始洋盆的环境. 相似文献
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特提斯构造东南带的滇西南地区发育三个系列的晚古生代火山岩:碱性橄榄玄武岩系列,大陆拉斑玄武岩系列和类似MORB拉斑玄武岩系列。地质、地球化学特征反映它们可能是保山—掸邦地块东缘昌宁—孟连晚古生代裂谷(局部向初始洋盆转化),而不大可能是宽阔洋底和洋岛的火山作用产物。逐渐增强的前进式裂谷作用伴随陆壳的减薄(局部分离,洋壳诞生)和软流圈顶面的抬升,可能导致不同深度地幔产生不同程度熔融作用,形成本区三个系列岩浆。地幔对流可能引导陆缘裂谷、洋壳扩张、俯冲、微陆块碰撞以及岩石圈深部剪切作用,制约区域晚古生代至中生代早期的构造岩浆演化。 相似文献
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通过对碧口铜钱坝南—托河乡南区段变玄武岩的地球化学分析,结果表明该套岩石由碱性和亚碱性的拉斑系列玄武岩组成,岩石的Nb、Ta、Ce含量,Ba/Ce、Ti/Y、Zr/Y值显示了洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征。N-MORB标准化蛛网图和球粒陨石标准化图解表明,本区洋岛拉斑玄武岩和洋岛碱性玄武岩具有共同的岩浆源区。玄武岩的2Nb-Zr/4-Y、TiO_2-10MnO-10P_2O_5、Ti/Y-Ba/Zr与Ti/Y-Ba/Nb判别图解均表明,本区火山岩产生于大洋板内的构造环境,从而为该地区新元古代出现过洋盆提供了重要证据。 相似文献
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云南香格里拉县洛吉地区出露由洛吉组玄武岩和基性岩墙群组成的基性杂岩,其母岩浆起源于亚碱性-碱性系列的拉斑玄武系列,地球化学特征表明该基性杂岩体形成于构造变动的复杂环境,并与不同源区岩浆混合及一定程度的壳幔混染有关,其中的碱性玄武岩与基性岩墙属具有相似性OIB玄武岩,是深部地幔石榴石橄榄岩与尖晶石橄榄石小部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆内或陆缘裂谷转变为盆缘造山带的过渡环境,亚碱性玄武岩属于E-MORB并有向OIB过渡趋势,由源区相对浅的尖晶石橄榄石熔融形成,为洋中脊向大陆过渡环境的蛇绿岩质分子,属甘孜-理塘结合带残余产物。 相似文献
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青藏高原羌塘中部榴辉岩地球化学特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
羌塘中部榴辉岩主要呈透镜状、块状产于石榴子石白云母片岩中,均为低温型榴辉岩。榴辉岩SiO2为45.83%～48.94%,Na2O+K2O为1.88%～3.91%,Al2O3为10.34%～15.02%,TiO2含量变化较大,大致可分为中Ti和高Ti两种类型,变化范围分别为1.62%～1.87%和3.96%～4.82%。榴辉岩的原岩主要为拉斑玄武岩,部分样品具有碱性玄武岩的特征。原岩为拉斑玄武岩的样品大多具有中等TiO2含量和不明显的Eu异常、较缓的右倾稀土元素配分模式特征,在大量判别图解上均投在MORB和E-MORB区域,稀土元素标准化配分模式和微量元素蛛网图特征与典型的E-MORB相似而与N-MORB差别很大,其原岩很可能形成于E-MORB环境;少量原岩为碱性玄武岩的样品TiO2含量高、具有相对其他样品更高的∑REE和∑LREE含量,在大量判别图解上均投在OIB区域,其原岩可能形成于OIB环境。羌塘中部榴辉岩和区域内二叠纪蛇绿岩具有相似的地球化学特征,可能是其俯冲消减的产物;样品同时具备E-MORB和OIB的特征,说明古特提斯洋在漫长的演化过程中可能存在地幔柱岩浆和正常洋中脊亏损地幔岩浆的相互作用。 相似文献
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俞 《四川地质科技情报》1994,(1):46-46
据研究指出，滇西南地区发育有三个系列的晚古生代火山岩：碱性橄榄玄武岩系列、大陆拉斑玄武岩系列和类似MORB拉斑玄武岩系列。地质、地球化学特征反映它们可能是保山一掸邦地块东缘昌宁一孟连晚古生代裂谷(局部向初始洋点转化)，而不大可能是宽阔洋底和洋岛的火山作用产物。 相似文献
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对阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的岩石学和地球化学的详细研究表明,该区辉绿岩墙群为拉斑系列岩石,其主量元素以中等TiO2(1.19%～1.59%)、高MgO(5.51%～7.88%)、贫K2O(0.04%～0.84%)和P2O5(0.10%～0.20%)、Na2OK2O为特征;高场强元素(HFSE)丰度特征显示其为E-MORB型或过渡型玄武岩质岩石;稀土元素总量相对较高,轻重稀土元素分馏不显著[(La/Yb)N=1.93～3.61,LREE/HREE=3.01～4.10],在球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈略富集型.结合玄武岩构造环境判别图解综合分析推测,它们可能形成于一种裂谷向MORB环境过渡的构造环境,即初始小洋盆构造环境. 相似文献
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甘肃天水地区红土堡变基性岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
红土堡变基性岩以灰绿色变质玄武岩为主，有少量同时代同成分的辉绿岩墙顺层侵入其中。变基性岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列。稀土元素分布型式呈LREE弱富集型，具有较高的∑REE，无明显的Eu异常或弱的正异常，有明显的Ce负异常。弱富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Sr、Ba)，富集Th，贫Cr、Ni，具有Ng、Ta负异常，La／Nb比值大于1，无明显Ti负异常这些微量元素特征及其构造环境判别显示该基性岩可能形成于汇聚板块边缘的弧后裂陷——小洋盆构造环境。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101319
Tectonic discrimination diagrams are a key tool for understanding ancient volcanic rock origins. In this contribution we compile over 15,000 whole rock compositions to re-evaluate the Ti-V discrimination diagram and compare it to another commonly used tool, the Nb/Yb-Th/Yb diagram. We have reformulated the Ti-V diagram into a log–log plot to distinguish samples more clearly at lower concentrations. The compilation shows that MORB are dominated by Ti/V = 20–43, whereas juvenile arc tholeiites and boninites are characterized by Ti/V < 20 generally, although there is minor overlap at the boundary (Ti/V = 20–22). Plume-related volcanic rocks (ocean island basalts, oceanic plateaux, and continental flood basalts) generally have Ti/V > 43, although there may be significant overlap with MORB-like ratios for ridge-centered OIB and for some oceanic plateaux. About 56% of alkaline OIB have Ti/V > 70. Back-arc basins are dominantly MORB-like. Melt models show that MORB and juvenile arc volcanics most likely formed under different ?O2 conditions, but are permissive of similar ?O2 if the arc rocks form by much higher melt fractions. The Nb/Yb vs. Th/Yb plot clearly distinguishes most oceanic basalts (MORB, plateaux, OIB) from subduction-related volcanic rocks (boninite, juvenile arc tholeiite, calc-alkaline) and from flood basalts. We propose here a new two-proxy diagram of Ti/V vs. Th/Nb, which incorporates the advantages of both. 相似文献
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Evolution of an intra‐oceanic island arc during the Late Silurian to Late Devonian,New England Fold Belt 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks in the Gamilaroi terrane and Calliope Volcanic Assemblage, New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia, indicate that the setting in which these rocks formed changed in both space and time. The Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian basalts of the Gamilaroi terrane show flat to slightly light rare‐earth element (LREE) depleted chondrite normalised patterns, depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE) relative to N‐MORB, low Ti/V and high Ti/Zr ratios, high Ni, Cr and large‐ion lithophile element (LILE) contents, features characteristic of intra‐oceanic island arc basaltic magmas. They are associated with low‐K, less mafic volcanics, showing moderate LREE enrichment, low Nb and Y contents and Rb/Zr ratios. The depletion of HFSE in the basalts indicates that the magmas were derived from a refractory source in a supra‐subduction zone setting. The presence of such a zone implies that the arc was associated with a backarc basin, the location of which was to the west where a wide backarc region existed from the Middle Silurian. This polarity of arc and backarc basin suggests that the subduction zone dipped to the west. In contrast to their older counterparts, Middle to Upper Devonian basalts of the Gamilaroi terrane have MORB‐like chondrite normalised patterns and higher Ti and lower LILE contents. Moreover, they have low Ti/Zr ratios and MORB‐like Ti/V ratios and HFSE contents, features typical of backarc basins. Dolerites of the Gamilaroi terrane also have predominantly backarc basin signatures. These features suggest that both the basalts and dolerites have been emplaced in an extensional environment produced during the rifting of the intra‐oceanic island arc lithosphere. A progressive increase in Ti/V ratios, and TiO2 and Fe2O3 contents at constant MgO, of stratigraphically equivalent basalts, towards the north‐northwest part of the belt, is consistent with either greater extension to the north or melting of a more fertile magma source. By contrast, basalts in the southeast part of the terrane have moderately high Ti/Zr and low Ti/V ratios and in some samples, exhibit depletion of HFSE, compositional features transitional between island arc and backarc basin basalts. The Lower to Middle Devonian mafic rocks in the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage show both LREE enriched and depleted chondrite normalised REE patterns. Further, the majority have high Ti/Zr ratios and low Zr contents as well as relatively high Th contents relative to MORB. These features are common to rocks of Middle Devonian age as well as those of Early Devonian age and are suggestive of eruption in an arc setting. Thus, the data from this study provide new evidence for the evolution of the New England Fold Belt from the Late Silurian to the Late Devonian and reveal a history more complicated than previously reported. 相似文献
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阿尔泰造山带南缘中泥盆世苦橄岩及其大地构造和岩石学意义 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
阿尔泰造山带南缘中泥盆世苦橄岩位于北塔山组地层的下部, 其上依次为玄武岩和安山岩.3种岩性共同的特点是贫钛、富铁, 具Nb和Ta的负异常以及高场强元素的丰度与MORB相当, 具有典型的岛弧火山岩系的特点, 是准噶尔洋板块向南西俯冲的结果.苦橄岩和玄武岩的Zr/Nb和Sm/Nd比值与MORB相当, 表明其源区为亏损的MORB源.然而玄武岩的Ti/V和Zr/Sm比值均高于苦橄岩, 而且玄武岩的稀土元素配分曲线呈平缓型, 而苦橄岩则显示出低的稀土总量以及弱富集轻稀土型, 指示了玄武岩是被从俯冲的洋壳释放的流体交代的含角闪石的尖晶石橄榄岩的地幔源区低程度部分熔融形成的, 苦橄岩则是在高温条件下被流体交代过的石榴石橄榄岩高程度熔融的产物.安山岩则可能是榴辉岩部分熔融形成的. 相似文献
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Mafic dikes of late Proterozoic age which cut Grenvillian crust in the northeastern Adirondack Mountains are mostly mildly alkaline basalts except for a few tholeiitic examples. All dikes are high in Ti, P, K, Zr, Y, and LREE, and plot in within-plate fields on tectonic discriminant diagrams. The dikes are similar in composition to Hudson Highland dikes in southern New York and New Jersey and to the Bakersville dike swarm in the southern Appalachians. They differ from the Grenville dike swarm in Ontario and Quebec in being alkaline and having higher Ti and P contents. Mesozoic alkaline dikes in the same geographic area as the Proterozoic ones are strongly enriched in Ba, K, Rb and LREE, and approach lamprophyre in composition. The Proterozoic dikes have low La/Nb and La/Ta ratios, suggesting that subduction-modified mantle lithosphere was not substantially involved in their genesis. This contrasts with certain Mesozoic tholeiitic dikes, associated with the opening of the Atlantic, which show sharp negative Nb or Ta anomalies relative to La indicating they were derived from subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. The trace element chemistry suggests that the source for the Proterozoic dikes was trace element-enriched asthenosphere (OIB-like source), as postulated for certain basalts erupted in the East African Rift system, and in parts of the Basin and Range Province of the southwestern United States of America. Finally, the Proterozoic dikes are chemically similar to rift volcanics from the western Vermont Appalachians, and thus they are thought to represent magmatism associated with extension of the Grenvillian crust prior to opening of the Iapetus ocean. 相似文献
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新疆西准噶尔北部地区的早泥盆世马拉苏组出露有少量富钠低钾的拉斑质中基性熔岩,这些分布于谢米斯台断裂北侧的玄武安山岩和玄武岩多呈夹层状断续产出于火山碎屑岩之中。马拉苏中基性熔岩的Mg#与主、微量元素协变关系及Th-Th/Nd图反映了其并非同源岩浆演化的结果。马拉苏火山岩中的玄武安山岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,具有较高的Th含量及较低的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,显示出弧火山岩的地球化学特征。其中的玄武岩则具有略为平坦的稀土元素分配样式,较低的Th含量及较高的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,此同MORB地球化学特征极为相似;虽然其也显示有轻微的LILE富集、HFSE亏损,但是较高的La/Nb比值则暗示这同地壳或俯冲物质组分的卷入有关,且一系列构造环境判别图解也进一步印证了马拉苏组内的玄武岩应属似MORB基性熔岩。此外,两类岩石的高场强元素比值Zr/Nb、Hf/Ta同全球平均大洋中脊玄武岩的相应比值极为接近,反映了马拉苏组中基性火山岩的物质源区主体均为MORB地幔物质源区。La/Yb-Gd/Yb原始地幔标准化比值的模拟计算进一步显示了马拉苏组玄武安山岩与受改造(俯冲沉积物或地壳物质的混染)的石榴子石或尖晶石-石榴子石地幔橄榄岩物质源区的部分熔融作用有关,而似MORB型玄武岩则源自尖晶石地幔橄榄岩源区的部分熔融。结合区内同期的蛇绿岩、火山岩和碱性花岗岩的地球化学研究,我们可以进一步推断此类兼具有似MORB和弧火山岩地球化学特征的早泥盆世马拉苏火山岩应当是西准噶尔地块北部在早古生代受后期俯冲作用影响下经历弧后扩张形成的火山-岩浆地质记录。 相似文献
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Seth Sadofsky Kaj Hoernle Svend Duggen Folkmar Hauff Reinhard Werner Dieter Garbe-Schönberg 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):901-913
New geochemical data from the Cocos Plate constrain the composition of the input into the Central American subduction zone
and demonstrate the extent of influence of the Galápagos Hotspot on the Cocos Plate. Samples include sediments and basalts
from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1256 outboard of Nicaragua, gabbroic sills from ODP Sites 1039 and 1040, tholeiitic
glasses from the Fisher Ridge off northwest Costa Rica, and basalts from the Galápagos Hotspot Track outboard of Central Costa
Rica. Site 1256 basalts range from normal to enriched MORB in incompatible elements and have Pb and Nd isotopic compositions
within the East Pacific Rise MORB field. The sediments have similar 206Pb/204Pb and only slightly more radiogenic 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios than the basalts. Altered samples from the subducting Galápagos Hotspot Track have similar Nd and Pb isotopic
compositions to fresh Galápagos samples but have significantly higher Sr isotopic composition, indicating that the subduction
input will have a distinct geochemical signature from Galápagos-type mantle material that may be present in the wedge beneath
Costa Rica. Gabbroic sills from Sites 1039 and 1040 in East Pacific Rise (EPR) crust show evidence for influence of the Galápagos
Hotspot ∼100 km beyond the morphological hotspot track. 相似文献
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The Tethyan plume: geochemical diversity of Middle Permian basalts from the Oman rifted margin 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
H. Lapierre A. Samper D. Bosch R. C. Maury F. Bchennec J. Cotten A. Demant P. Brunet F. Keller J. Marcoux 《Lithos》2004,74(3-4):167-198
According to palinspastic reconstructions, the Neo-Tethys opening took place during the Permian between the Cimmerian fragments in the north and the Indo-Arabian margin in the south. Igneous remnants of this opening are exposed in Oman within either the Hawasina nappes or the para-autochtonous Arabian platform exposed in the Saih Hatat tectonic window. They consist predominantly of pillowed basaltic flows among which three groups have been distinguished. Group 1 is tholeiitic and characterized by low TiO2 and incompatible trace element contents, and a large range of Ndi values. Group 1 basalts are associated with distal sediments and plot near the boundary of or within the MORB field in the Pb–Pb correlation diagrams and between the MORB and Bulk Silica Earth (BSE) fields in Ndi–(206Pb/204Pb)i diagram. Group 2 basalts are alkaline and differ from Group 1 ones by their higher TiO2, La and Nb contents, and lower and more homogeneous Ndi values (+3 to +5). Group 2 volcanics are similar to alkali basalts from oceanic islands and share with Group 1 similar initial Pb ratios. Group 3 consists of tholeiitic and alkali basalts which are interbedded either with carbonate-platform sediments from the Saih Hatat window or with distal sediments from the Hawasina Nappes. This group differs from Groups 1 and 2 by its low to negative Ndi (+1.6 to −2). Group 1 likely derived from the mixing of depleted and enriched sources while Group 2 derived exclusively from an enriched source. There is no indication that continental crust was involved in the genesis of both Groups 1 and 2. In contrast, the low to negative Ndi values of Group 3 suggest that the magmas of this group were contaminated by the Arabian continental crust during their ascent. The geochemical features of the Middle Permian plume-related basalts suggest thus that the basement of the Hawasina basin was not genuine oceanic crust but either the thinned Arabian rifted continental margin or the continent–ocean transition zone of the Neo-Tethys. 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰山南缘玛音鄂博断裂南侧变质基性岩的发现及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
位于额尔齐斯-玛音鄂博大断裂带南侧的阿热勒托别变质基性岩产于下石炭统姜巴斯套组一套细碎屑沉积岩中.岩石组成以变质玄武岩为主, 它们具有相对高的TiO2、MgO和低SiO2、K2O的特点; 在稀土元素组成上, 显示轻稀土弱富集的配分模式, 无明显Eu异常; 微量元素组成显示大离子亲石元素富集, 并具有明显的正Th异常和弱的Nb负异常、高的Nb含量(> 2×10-6) 以及HFSE基本上和MORB相当的特点; 其Zr/Nb比值落在MORB范围之内, 而Ti/V比值略比MORB高, 表明其为MORB源的亏损地幔在相对较低熔融程度下熔融的产物.其εNd(t) 值为+7.40~+8.35, 略低于MORB, 但高于洋岛以及大陆板内玄武岩.因此该变质基性岩总体上兼有火山弧和洋中脊玄武岩特征, 因而其可能形成于弧后环境, 代表了弧后盆地扩张早期的产物. 相似文献