共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
通过定量分析汾河上中游区降水的时空分布特征、地表和地下水资源量的分布规律,对流域的水资源特征及演变趋势进行全面的阐述和分析,从而总结出汾河上中游区水资源特点,为流域水资源规划配置提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
根据马莲河流域水资源总量极端贫乏、年际年内分配不均、常规水资源量低、水污染问题较严重等特点,利用系统分析理论和优化技术建立了流域的大系统、多目标水资源优化配置模型,并利用优化的NSGA-Ⅱ方法进行求解,得到流域2020年期望水资源配置下的最佳分配方案为:流域总供水量57 086×104m3,工业供水量21 690×104m3(总产值约为144.6亿元),能源基地供水量4 329×104m3(总产值约为346.32万元),农业供水量20 840×104m3,生活供水量9 452×104m3,生态供水量811×104m3。对比期望方案供水量增加了6 710×104m3,综合缺水率减少了11.41%。并根据预测的流域的分配方案和预测的流域需水量,进行了流域的水资源平衡分析,通过平衡分析的结果进行流域的综合管理研究。2020年在最优水资源分配方案下,工业缺水率3.21%、减少了4.51%;能源基地缺水率0.00%;农业缺水率4.64%、缺水率增加26.17%;生活缺水率0.00%;生态缺水率1.00%、缺水率增加了1.00%。配置方案实现了流域内水资源的最佳分配,使宝贵、有限的水资源产生最大的社会、经济及环境效益,为流域经济、能源产业的快速发展提供水资源保障。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
基于粒子群算法的水资源优化配置 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于可持续发展理论,以社会、经济和环境的综合效益最大为目标,建立了区域水资源优化配置模型.根据模型的特点,采用粒子群算法(PSO)对模型进行求解.针对粒子群算法的迭代原理,通过对粒子编码方法、适应度函数构造和约束条件处理等环节的改进,构成了用于多目标有约束条件模型求解的粒子群优化算法.不仅拓展了粒子群优化算法的应用领域,同时也为复杂多目标模型的求解提供了一种新途径.本文以北京市为例,借助本文提出的模型,得到了该市2010、2020和2030年三个水平年在50%保证率下的水量配置方案.优化结果表明,该算法应用于水资源优化配置中是合适的. 相似文献
6.
塔里木河是我国最长的内陆河,南疆人民的母亲河。随着人口增加和经济利益驱动,水资源过度开发、变相夺取河道水、用水效率低下以及抢占、挤占生态等问题已成为影响塔里木河流域经济和社会发展的制约因素。为合理利用水资源,解决水资源承载力不足问题,需要在流域内建立水权、水市场运行机制。本文从流域水量分配现状出发,分析了现阶段水权管理现状,提出通过流域水权的分配、转让等措施来对水资源进行优化配置,从而实现流域水资源的可持续发展,为今后塔里木河流域水权管理提出有关对策和建议。 相似文献
7.
8.
流域科学与水资源管理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
流域是水资源管理的基本单位。基于水资源文献的综合分析,讨论了自20世纪以来水资源管理概念、目标及途径的变迁,提出建立流域科学,以流域为研究对象,以揭示流域生态水文过程的客观规律为前提,采用现代管理科学理论和方法,应用先进工程技术手段优化配置水资源,满足人类活动及生态系统的多种需求,促进社会、经济及环境的可持续发展。并且指出流域科学的内涵应包括:①水资源的调查、监测和模拟;②水资源利用多目标设定;③水资源分配机制;④水资源管理指标的确定与评价;⑤水资源管理决策机构;⑥水资源管理反馈分析与人类活动调控。 相似文献
9.
山西高原是新石器时代末期龙山时代(公元前2900~1800年)具有重要历史地位的区域,研究该区域的史前农业发展状况对于理解其社会复杂化和文明化的经济基础有十分重要的作用。文章利用系统浮选的方法在山西高原的滹沱河上游、蔚汾河流域的考古调查和周家庄遗址的考古发掘过程中提取大植物遗存,获得龙山时期数量众多的以农作物为主的炭化植物种子。在山西高原两处流域的考古调查和周家庄遗址的考古发掘中,共采集、分析浮选样品218份,发现44500余粒炭化植物种子,包括19301粒粟(Setaria italica)、6697粒黍(Panicum miliaceum)、少量水稻遗存(Oryza sativa)以及18456粒杂草种子。出土的大植物遗存显示,山西高原龙山时期的农业经济是以种植粟和黍为主的旱作农业,粟居于主要地位;同时,在山西高原的不同区域农作物结构存在一定的区域差异,在滹沱河上游和蔚汾河流域黍的比例较晋南临汾-运城盆地更高;炭化水稻虽在各个区域均有出土,但在滹沱河上游和蔚汾河流域水稻的比例较晋南临汾-运城盆地要低很多。对山西高原各重要区域考古遗址出土大植物遗存的直接研究,填补了山西高原植物考古工作的空白,对理解山西高原史前社会的经济基础提供了重要的实物资料,为探寻史前人类的农业活动与自然环境、考古学文化之间的关系,深入研究人地关系提供了重要证据。 相似文献
10.
变化环境下缺水流域水资源演变与科学调控是国际上关注和研究的热点问题,也是中国水资源安全保障面临的重大难题。针对剧烈环境变化下黄河流域水资源显著减少、供需矛盾日益尖锐的问题,以提升流域水资源安全的调控能力为目标,识别了流域水资源供需演变认知—适应性评价—高效输沙—分水方案优化—协同调度的5大关键科学问题,从水资源供需演变机制分析、流域水量分配方案适应性综合评价、河库联动高效输沙水动力条件塑造技术、流域水资源动态均衡配置理论、复杂梯级水库群水-沙-电-生态多维协同调度等方面,提出了"黄河流域水量分配方案优化及综合调度"研究的总体架构和理论方法,构建了黄河流域水资源优化配置与协同调度技术体系,为提升缺水流域水资源管理能力与调度水平提供方法借鉴。 相似文献
11.
M. Antonellini T. Dentinho A. Khattabi E. Masson P. N. Mollema V. Silva P. Silveira 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1839-1853
The assessment of freshwater resources in a drainage basin is not only dependent on its hydrologic parameters but also on the socio-economic system driving development in the watershed area; the socio-economic aspect, that is often neglected in hydrologic studies, is one of the novelties of this study. The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) presenting an integrated working methodology and (2) studying a local case of a North African watershed where scarce field data are available. Using this integrated methodology, the effects of climate and land use change on the water resources and the economic development of the Tahadart drainage basin in Northern Morocco have been evaluated. Water salinization, tourism, urbanization, and water withdrawals are a threat to water resources that will increase with future climate change. The Tahadart Basin (Morocco 1,145 km2) is characterized by rain-fed agriculture and by the presence of two water retention basins. Assessment of the effects of climate and land use change on this drainage basin was based on current and future land cover maps obtained from spatial interactions models, climate data (current and future; scenario A1b for the period 2080–2100), and hydrological models for water budget calculations. Land use suitability maps were designed assuming a A1b Special Report on Emissions Scenarios socio-economic development scenario. The most important conclusions for the period 2080–2100 are the following: (1) Freshwater availability within the watershed will likely be affected by a strong increase in evaporation from open water surface bodies due to increased temperature. This increase in evaporation will limit the amount of freshwater that can be stored in the surface reservoirs. (2) Sea level rise will cause flooding and salinization of the coastal area. (3) The risk for drought in winter is likely to increase. The methodology used in this paper is integrated into a decision support tool that is used to quantify change in land use and water resources. 相似文献
12.
13.
矾山磷矿是我国北方唯一的大型磷矿。西区矿坑疏干排水困难,影响矿产资源开发利用,同时。矿坑若大量疏干排水必将破坏整个矾山盆地地下水环境,当地旅游风景皇帝泉和蚩尤泉面临枯竭的威胁。在分析矾山盆地地下水系统特征的基础上,根据区域水文地质条件,提出矿山预先疏干排水不可行、帷幕堵水难度大,预留顶板并注浆加固方案基本可行,但需要进一步深入研究。 相似文献
14.
The significance of morphometric analysis for obtaining groundwater potential zones in a structurally controlled terrain 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Watershed development and management plans are more important for harnessing surface water and groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions. To prepare a comprehensive watershed development plan, it becomes necessary to understand the topography, erosion status and drainage patterns of the region. This study was undertaken to determine the drainage characteristics of Pageru River basin using topographical maps on a scale of 1:50,000. The total area of the Pageru River basin is 480 km2. It was divided into X sub-basins for analysis. The drainage patterns of the basin are dendritic and include a sixth order stream. The quantitative analysis of various aspects of a river basin drainage network characteristics reveals complex morphometric attributes. The streams of lower orders mostly dominate the basin. The development of stream segments in the basin area is more or less affected by rainfall. The elongated shape of the basin is mainly due to the guiding effect of thrusting and faulting. The erosional processes of fluvial origin have been predominately influenced by the subsurface lithology of the basin. 相似文献
15.
16.
从若干方面的研究结果揭示了黄河流域水循环发生的巨大变化.水循环是水资源科学评价与合理开发利用的基本依据.水循环主要要素的变化取决于气候条件的变化与人类活动的影响.对前者宜采用适应性对策,在研究气候变化的基础上,分析水循环变动的规律并预测其趋势,制定相应的适应性措施;对于后者则应加强水资源开发利用的科学管理,以维持流域天然水资源的可更新(可再生)性. 相似文献
17.
18.
Chowdhury Sarwar Jahan Md. Ferozur Rahaman Riad Arefin Shamser Ali Quamrul Hasan Mazumder 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(5):613-620
Demand for irrigation water increases day by day along with meteorological vagaries and extension of irrigated area in the drought-prone Barind area of Bangladesh. This increasing stress on water resource is gradually making the area water scare. The study is aimed at studying the morphometric parameters of the Atrai-Sib river basin in the Barind area and on their relevance in water resource management based on satellite images and SRTM DEM. Computation and delineation of linear and areal aspects of the river basin and its morphometric components reveals that stream order ranges from first to eighth order showing dendritic drainage pattern. The basin represents homogeneity of soil texture; possibility of flash flood after heavy rainfall with low discharge of runoff; and is not largely affected by structural disturbance. Moderate drainage density of the river basin area indicates semipermeable soil lithology with moderate vegetation. Mean bifurcation ratio of the basin is calculated as 3.92 and elongation ratio 0.75, which indicate elongated shape of the river basin with low to moderate relief bounded in the east and west by ‘moderate to steep’ sloping land area. It reveals a flatter peak of runoff flow for longer duration and gravity flow of water. The gentle but undulating slope of the basin represents ‘excellent’ category for groundwater management as the site is favorable for infiltration due to maximum time of runoff water percolation. The east facing slopes of the basin show higher moisture content and higher vegetation than the west-facing slope. The land use pattern of the area shows that major part (95.29%) comes under the cultivated land which will support future river basin development and management. Results obtained from the study would be useful in categorization of river basins for future water resource development and management, and selection of suitable sites for water conservation structures such as check dam, percolation tank, artificial recharge of groundwater through MAR technique etc. 相似文献
19.