共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
沉积物-水界面的生物地球化学作用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
沉积物－水界面是天然水体在物理、化学和生物特征等方面差异性最显著和负责水体和沉积物之间物质输送和交换的重要边界环境。对沉积物－水界面生物地球化学的定义、研究方法和它在水体微量物质循环中所起的作用、物质迁移方式、典型氧化还原敏感性元素转化反应（Ｃ、Ｏ、Ｎ）、界面扩散通量和表面扩散亚层的意义和估算等进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
湖泊沉积物—水界面营养元素的生物地球化学作用和环境效应：I.界面… 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
发生在沉积物－水界面的剧烈生物地球化学作用对沉积物和上覆水体具重要的环境效应，然而此方面研究很少，本文通过云贵高原四个湖泊湖水和孔隙水ＮＨ４和ＮＯ３剖面，沉积物柱芯不同结合态氮含量剖面分布，界面扩散通量，影响氮循环的因素及它们季节性变化规律等的对比研究，初步揭示了湖泊沉积物－水界面的氮循环及其环境效应。 相似文献
3.
SW—Shollow—1型浅水水体沉积物—界面水采样器的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
无扰动的完整的水体沉积物－界面水柱状样品的获取是提取沉积物记录的环境信息，研究沉积物－水界面物质迁移传输的地球化学过程原理的一项基本工作，本文介绍了一种新研制的用于5m以下深度的浅水水体沉积物－界面水采样器，该采样器由手柄杆、取样管、分析顶托三部分 组成，具有体积小、重量轻、材料廉价易得、加工简单、操作方便等特点，并且可以获得足够厚度的沉积物层和直径较大的柱状样，在运河样，是一种经济有效的浅水水体积积物－界面水采样工具。 相似文献
4.
5.
湖泊沉积物—水界面铁—锰循环研究新进展 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
通过云贵高原深水湖泊沉积物－水界面铁－锰循环研究，揭示了湖泊铁－锰循环不仅受氧化还原边界层化学界面的控制，而且受沉积物－水地质界面的制约；有机质生物氧化和硫酸盐还原构成界面铁－锰循环的重要机制并产生亚扩散层屏蔽效应；铁－锰循环伴随有微量金属元素地球化学形态的改变，从而影响其迁移行为；气候剧烈变化所中断的铁－锰循环，形成铁－锰富集层的古环境记录。 相似文献
6.
云贵高原湖泊沉积物——水界面铁,锰,硫体系的研究进展 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过对云贵高原湖泊沉积物－水界面铁,锰,硫体系的研究,揭示了湖泊铁,锰循环受氧化还原边界层、沉积物－水界面等多重界面的控制;湖水中硫酸盐的浓度制约着其扩散的物理过程,进而影响着硫酸盐还原作用,硫酸盐还原对铁、锰循环产生亚扩散层屏蔽效应,铁,锰的季节性污染等提供了科学依据。 相似文献
7.
扩散边界层是水环境沉积物与上覆水之间物质交换的必经区。通过无风和有风条件下两组沉积物盐分释放实验,研究海湾水库砂质沉积物-水界面扩散边界层的形成情况,并通过水动力扰动下穿过扩散边界层的实测盐分通量与Fick第一定律理论计算通量的比较,以及扰动与无扰动时通量的比较,探讨扩散边界层对沉积物盐分释放的影响。研究结果表明,在稳定风场条件下,沉积物-水界面处存在厚度约3.5 cm的扩散边界层,有风条件下的界面盐分交换通量略大于无风时的通量;分子扩散是边界层内盐分运移的主要机制,扩散边界层对沉积物盐分释放具有阻滞作用,并且边界层越厚,阻滞效应越显著。另外,由于扩散边界层的存在,限制了水动力对沉积物与上覆水之间物质交换的增强作用,所以海湾水库沉积物中蓄积盐分对上覆水的影响将是长期的过程。 相似文献
8.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2018,(5)
本课题组建立了天然放射性同位素新体系—~(224)Ra/~(228)Th不平衡法,用于研究沉积物-水界面物质交换。本文详细介绍了该方法的原理和现状,及其在沉积物-水界面溶解物质交换通量与机制、定量评估沉积物与水体间不同尺度传输方式(孔隙水交换和海底地下水排放)等方面的应用;探讨其潜在应用前景,指出近岸和陆架沉积物-水界面铁通量及其对冰期-间冰期大气CO_2周期变化的影响、沉积物作为水生环境"二次污染源"风险的定量评估是其潜在应用方向。 相似文献
9.
万曦 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1994,(3)
阿哈湖沉积物─水界面Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ循环的微生物影响分析万曦（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词阿哈湖，沉积物，Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ循环，微生物微生物参与的湖泊沉积地球化学作用在沉积物－水界面物质循环中具有重要意义。本文通过贵阳阿哈湖沉积物－水界面Ｆ... 相似文献
10.
上扬子地区震旦系-早古生界黑色页岩的沉积和埋藏环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
上扬子地区震旦(伊迪卡拉)系-早古生界黑色页岩是我国南方震旦纪-早古生代“下组合”海相地层中的“三大优质烃源岩”,并普遍认为系缺氧、滞流环境下的沉积.本文从“下组合”黑色页岩的沉积构造以及生物生态的角度,探讨其沉积环境和埋藏条件,认为其中不仅产出有丰富的浮游和游泳类型的生物,也产出有底栖类型的生物,表明黑色页岩沉积环境中的上层水体为充氧的(oxic)环境,而下层水体中含有一定量的氧,为贫氧(suboxic)或稀氧(dysoxic)环境.上层水体的充氧环境有利于丰富生物的生长和繁殖,以提供丰富的沉积有机质;而下层水体的贫氧或稀氧阻碍着沉积有机质的分解,有利于有机质的保存.黑色页岩中的生物化石及其碎片均具有定向性排列等沉积构造,表明其沉积环境的下层水体中存在一定能量或周期性和间歇性的水动力条件,从而有助于水体中氧的扩散,维持底栖生物对氧的基本需求.黑色页岩沉积时为富含沉积水的泥质沉积物,随着富水泥质沉积物厚度的迅速加大,沉积水与水体中的氧交换减弱,沉积物内逐渐形成滞流还原的环境;而被埋藏的丰富生物遗体和排泄物等有机物质在腐烂和分解过程中促进了周围环境的还原性,导致有机物质得以保存而形成黑色的页岩. 相似文献
11.
三氮是我国地下水中典型污染物,其在包气带和含水层中的迁移转化过程受到高度关注。近几年,地下水位波动带中的三氮迁移转化已经成为新的研究领域。在综合运用文献计量分析法,定量分析相关研究趋势的基础上,系统总结地下水位波动带形成及特点,梳理波动带中三氮迁移转化过程及生物地球化学过程最新研究表述及成果,并对今后可能的研究热点和方向进行了展望。现有研究表明:水位波动带中环境指标如土壤含水率、氧化还原电位、溶解氧和有机质含量均表现出一定的分带性规律,微生物菌群结构和功能基因更多样化,并呈现一定的分布特征。随着地下水位波动,包气带中的三氮易浸溶进入地下水并发生迁移。地下水位上升,硝化作用减弱,反硝化作用增强;地下水位下降,硝化作用增强,反硝化作用减弱。为完善水位波动带三氮迁移转化过程研究,应进一步关注:（1）将水化学演化分析与分子生物学高通量测序方法相结合,深入探究水位波动带三氮转化与微生物作用机理;（2）除关注硝化、反硝化作用外,增加异化还原、同化还原和厌氧氨氧化等作用过程的研究;（3）细化分析更多情境、更多影响因素的水位波动过程,识别水位波动带三氮转化的关键影响要素。 相似文献
12.
海洋沉积物中的N和P随沉积物的粒度由粗到细,含量逐渐升高,而Si则降低;积物中N、P、Si的含量还随海区、输入源、季节、动力学过程及生物生产过程不同而变化.控制海洋沉积物-海水界面N、P、Si沉积、释放及循环的因素,包括有机质和溶解氧的浓度、有机质中C、N、P、Si的相对比例、沉积物-海水界面附近的氧化还原环境、生物扰动、温度、水深、pH值、不同形态S的浓度、金属离子以及水动力条件等.一般其综合作用的表现是,沉积物-海水界面之间NH+4、PO3-4和Si(OH)4从沉积物向上覆水扩散转移,而硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的通量方向相反,通量的大小随着海区的不同差别较大. 相似文献
13.
Jacques Boulegue Charles J. Lord Thomas M. Church 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(3):453-464
The pore waters of sediments from a salt marsh along the Delaware estuary have been analyzed for sulfur species and associated trace metals. Since the sediment interface is usually in contact with the atmosphere, the sulfur species are dependent on the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate reduction and subsequent oxidation by diffusing oxygen. The most important species observed are hydrogen sulfide, polysulfide ions and thiosulfate. Secondary reactions of hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides with decomposing organic matter yield significant concentrations of both thiols and organic polysulfides. Upon isolation of the sediment from the atmosphere due to tidal inundation, bacterial sulfate reduction becomes the dominant process. This results in the reduction of the polysulfides in agreement with thermodynamic predictions, and suggests that the redox couple sulfide/polysulfide is a good redox indicator under such reducing environments.The concentrations of trace elements Cu and Fe in the pore waters are mainly controlled by sulfide formation. Calculations show that copper is strongly complexed probably with organo-sulfur ligands. Iron might be complexed as such sulfur species to a much lesser extent than copper. 相似文献
14.
砂岩型铀矿床层间氧化带前锋区稀有元素富集机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在深入研究砂岩型铀矿床层间氧化带各地球化学分带中铀及其伴生元素的分布规律时,发现一些单价态(不变价)元素也常常富集在层间氧化带前锋区,其典型代表是钪(Sc)、钇(Y)和稀土元素(REE)等。作者在综合分析前苏联众多砂岩型铀矿床各地球化学分带中各种元素大量测试数据的基础上,论述了层间氧化带前锋区Eh值和pH值的变化规律以及它们所导致的变价元素(U、Se、Mo和V)和不变价元素(Sc、Y和REE)的分布规律和富集机制。实际上,层间氧化带前锋区既是氧化-还原电位(Eh值)又是酸碱度(pH值)的急剧变化区,两者大致同步消长。层间氧化带前锋区有两类地球化学障:单纯的还原障和还原-碱性综合障。两种地球化学障的发育与强度取决于原始未氧化岩石中硫化物、有机质和碳酸盐的含量。 相似文献
15.
Florian Einsiedl Norbert Hertkorn Moritz Frommberger Boris P. Koch 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(22):5474-5482
The study of molecular transformation processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the environment significantly contributes to a better understanding of the global biogeochemical organic matter cycle. In an oxic karst groundwater system, in which the most powerful abiotic DOC degradative reactions, photodegradation and metal-mediated redox chemistry, are at best marginal contributors, a near complete turnover of fulvic acids (FAs) has been observed within decades (∼60 years). Depletion of oxygen for a very extensive range of aliphatic and aromatic carbon chemical environments has been confirmed as well as the formation of novel classes of compounds, suggesting a major contribution from biotic processes. From these results we infer that FAs must be perceived as a rather active participant in the global carbon cycle. Molecular-level alterations of such magnitude and rapidity on such short-time scales ought to be considered as widespread in the processing of “refractory” DOC in the environment. 相似文献
16.
洪水庄组沉积时期的海洋氧化还原条件及其对有机质保存的影响目前仍有较大的争议.通过对辽西地区洪水庄组页岩的稀土和微量元素进行分析,探究了该时期海洋氧化还原条件.研究区稀土元素丰度较高,分布范围为167.57×10-6~316.95×10-6.稀土元素分布具有典型的海水特征,轻稀土较为亏损而重稀土相对富集.Ce负异常较为明显,基本不具有Eu异常,Y/Ho比值较低.微量元素（V、Cr、Ni、Co、Th和U）及其比值基本分布在一个较宽的范围内,说明该时期海洋具有不均一氧化的特征.稀土和微量元素指标均指示该时期海洋部分氧化和部分还原的特征,且部分地区属于硫化环境.综合华北北部其他地区洪水庄组氧化还原指标表明,该时期的海洋含氧量在空间上具有明显的不均一性,还原性较强的环境基本处于TOC较高的区域,与该区域的高生产力和丰富的营养元素有较好的关联性. 相似文献
17.
Isabelle M. Cozzarelli Robert P. Eganhouse Mary Jo Baedecker 《Environmental Geology》1990,16(2):135-141
The transformation of benzene and a series of alkylbenzenes was studied in anoxic groundwater of a shallow glacial-outwash aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, U.S.A. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons, the most water-soluble components of crude oil, were transported downgradient of an oil spill, forming a plume of contaminated groundwater. Organic acids that were not original components of the oil were identified in the anoxic groundwater. The highest concentrations of these oxidized organic compounds were found in the anoxic plume where a decrease in concentrations of structurally related alkylbenzenes was observed. These results suggest that biological transformation of benzene and alkylbenzenes to organic acid intermediates may be an important attenuation process in anoxic environments. The transformation of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons to a series of corresponding oxidation products in an anoxic subsurface environment provides new insight into in situ anaerobic degradation processes. 相似文献
18.
Intense pyrite formation under low-sulfate conditions in the Achterwasser lagoon, SW Baltic Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thomas Neumann Nicole Rausch Thomas Leipe Zsolt Berner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(14):3619-3630
In comparison to similar low-sulfate coastal environments with anoxic-sulfidic sediments, the Achterwasser lagoon, which is part of the Oder estuary in the SW Baltic Sea, reveals unexpectedly high pyrite concentrations of up to 7.5 wt%. Pyrite occurs mainly as framboidal grains variable in size with diameters between 1 and 20 μm. Pyritization is not uniform down to the investigated sediment depth of 50 cm. The consumption of reactive-Fe is most efficient in the upper 20 cm of the sediment column, leading to degrees of pyritization (DOP) as high as 80 to 95%.Sediment accumulation in the Achterwasser takes place in high productivity waters. The content of organic carbon reaches values of up to 10 wt%, indicating that pyrite formation is not limited by the availability of organic matter. Although dissolved sulfate concentration is relatively low (<2 mmol/L) in the Achterwasser, the presence of H2S in the pore water suggests that sulfate is unlikely to limit pyrite authigenesis. The lack of free Fe(II) in the pore waters combined with the possibility of a very efficient transformation of Fe-monosulfides to pyrite near the sediment/water interface suggests that pyrite formation is rather controlled by (i) the availability of reactive-Fe, which limits the FeS formation, and by (ii) the availability of an oxidant, which limits the transformation of FeS into pyrite. The ultimate source for reactive-Fe is the river Oder, which provides a high portion of reactive-Fe (∼65% of the total-Fe) in the form of suspended particulate matter. The surficial sediments of the Achterwasser are reduced, but are subject to oxidation from the overlying water by resuspension. Oxidation of the sediments produces sulfur species with oxidation states intermediate between sulfide and sulfate (e.g., thiosulfate and polysulfides), which transform FeS to FeS2 at a significant rate. This process of FeS-recycling is suggested to be responsible for the formation of pyrite in high concentrations near the sediment surface, with DOP values between 80 and 95% even under low sulfate conditions.A postdepositional sulfidization takes place in the deeper part of the sediment column, at ∼22 cm depth, where the downward diffusion of H2S is balanced by the upward migration of Fe(II). The vertical fluctuation of the diffusion front intensifies the pyritization of sediments. We suggest that the processes described may occur preferentially in shallow water lagoons with average net-sedimentation rates close to zero. Such environments are prone to surficial sediment resuspension, initiating oxidation of Fe-sulfides near the sediment/water interface. Subsequent FeS2 formation as well as postdepositional sulfidization leads to a major pyrite spike at depth within the sediment profile. 相似文献
19.
In the summer of 1993, a number of chemical parameters (H2S, O2, pH, TA, TCO2, NH
4
+
, PO
4
3–
, SiO2, Mn2+ and Fe2+) were measured in the Framvaren Fjord, a permanently super-anoxic fjord in southern Norway. The extremely steep gradient of sulfide near the interface suggests that other than downward flux of oxygen, three other possible oxidants, particulate manganese and iron oxides, phototrophic sulfur oxidation bacteria and horizontally transported oxygen account for the oxidation of the upward flux of H2S. Water intrusion through the sill accounts for the temperature inflection above the interface, which, together with internal waves (Stigerbrandt and Molvaer, 1988), may cause fluctuations of the depth of interface. Significant gradients of hydrographic properties and chemical species between 80–100 m suggest that there is a second interface at about 90 m that separates the deep and older bottom waters. A stoichiometric model is applied to examine the biogeochemical cycles of S, C, N and P in the Framvaren. High C:S, C:N and C:P ratios are found while the nutrients (N, P) have Redfield ratio. Based on the C:N:P ratio of 155:16:1 in organic matter, about 30% of sulfide produced by sulfate reduction is estimated to be removed by processes such as oxidation, formation of FeS2, degassing and incorporation into organic matter. The rates of oxidation of H2S by Mn and Fe oxides in the water near the interface were slightly faster than the observed values in the laboratory, probably due to the presence of bacteria. 相似文献