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裂隙岩体的渗透特性受控于裂隙的发育特征、连通特性和充填情况,并与岩体的地应力水平具有显著的相关性。基于裂隙岩体渗透性的影响因素,并考虑现有渗透系数估算模型的不足,利用钻孔压水试验和钻孔电视图像资料,建立考虑埋深(Z)、岩石质量指标(RQD)以及充填物指标(FSD)等3个指标的渗透系数估算ZRF模型,并应用到牙根二级水电站及其他工程区的渗透系数估算中。结果表明,与已有的渗透系数估算模型相比,ZRF模型较好地反映了岩体渗透性的影响因素,且模型参数物理意义明确,便于获取,对分析裂隙岩体渗透性具有一定的工程参考价值。 相似文献
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裂隙岩体的防渗加固是影响工程稳定和安全的关键技术问题之一。在以往微生物加固砂土技术基础上,将微生物加固技术应用于裂隙岩体灌浆加固,研究结果表明,(1) 加固前围压对裂隙岩样的水力开度影响很大,加固后裂隙被碳酸钙沉积物充填,岩样的渗流由裂隙渗流转变为孔隙渗流,单位渗流量和渗透系数由围压和渗透水压共同控制;(2) 微生物灌浆加固后,不同围压和渗透水压力作用下裂隙岩样的单位时间渗流量减小了80.12%～90.04%,渗透系数可达到10–6 cm/s数量级;(3) 裂隙岩样灌浆加固过程中微生物诱导产生的CaCO3沉积物具有较好胶结作用,将劈裂岩样胶结为一个整体,达到了加固防渗效果。研究成果可为裂隙岩体的灌浆加固提供较好的参考。 相似文献
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为了解高压水渗流作用对裂隙岩体应力和变形的影响,结合黑麋峰抽水蓄能电站岩体高压压水试验的渗压及变形测试成果,采用多孔连续介质全耦合理论,研究了试验区岩体测点在压水孔加压和卸压过程中的孔隙压力和位移变化过程。通过对测点位移和渗压随时间变化过程的计算值和实测值对比研究,验证了所采用的水-岩耦合数值模型的合理性。研究表明：在压水孔内的水压力和岩体孔隙压力的共同作用下,岩体内的应力大幅度增加;压水过程中,岩体因渗流作用产生了较大的位移,停止压水后的一段时间内,由于岩体中还存在一定的孔隙水压力和水压力梯度,从而导致岩体内仍存在部分变形值,且该部分变形值并非是压水孔卸载后岩体内的塑性残余变形;高压水渗流作用下的岩体耦合效应对工程应力和围岩变形有重大影响,考虑水-岩耦合效应的岩体稳定性评价结果对工程设计更具指导意义 相似文献
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为探讨寒区裂隙岩体含冰裂隙在冻融循环作用下的冻胀力演化规律,进而揭示疲劳冻融对岩体结构劣化的影响机制,采用自行设计的8通道冻胀力实时监测系统开展了不同岩性、不同裂隙几何形态下的冻胀力测试试验,获取了多次冻融循环中冻胀力演化曲线,并分析了岩性和裂隙几何形态对冻胀力演化规律的影响。研究表明:(1)冻融循环造成岩体结构劣化是冻胀力引起岩体疲劳损伤的过程,每个冻融循环的冻胀力演化过程都经过孕育阶段、暴发阶段、跌落回稳阶段、回升阶段和消散阶段,并且发现了冻胀力回升这一现象;初始冻胀力峰值可作为裂隙岩体抗冻融损伤指标;(2)在多次冻融循环作用下岩体裂隙冻胀力不断暴发、积聚和释放,期间产生的裂隙累积损伤驱动着裂隙持续扩展,引起岩体进一步的疲劳劣化;疲劳冻融作用下,初始冻胀力峰值与二次冻胀力峰值变化趋势可作为裂隙岩体受冻融影响损伤劣化程度的判断依据;(3)岩体结构特性影响冻胀力演化规律,岩体基质的微细观结构影响冻结过程中水分迁移;宏观预置裂隙几何形态影响冻胀力演化规律,扩展程度越大的裂隙积聚出的冻胀力越大。疲劳冻融下冻胀力演化规律的研究可为寒区岩体工程长期冻融稳定性预测及工程建设提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为考察孔隙气体压力对高放废物地质处置中的热-流-固耦合过程的影响,借用Leiws等建立的可变形孔隙介质中非等温空气流和水流模型,在其水连续性方程中加入了温度梯度引起的水分扩散项,研制出相应的热-水-气-应力耦合弹塑性二维有限元程序。针对一个假定的高放废物地质处置库模型,在相同的初始温度、孔隙水压力和岩体应力条件下,取3种缓冲层中的初始孔隙气体压力,通过数值模拟考察了处置库近场的主应力、饱和度、气和水的流速、温度和孔隙压力的分布与变化。结果显示,当缓冲层中的初始孔隙气压力较高时,其对围岩中应力影响较大。 相似文献
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The stability problem of natural slopes, filled slopes, and cut slopes are commonly encountered in Civil Engineering Projects. Predicting the slope stability is an everyday task for geotechnical engineers. In this paper, a study has been done to predict the factor of safety (FOS) of the slopes using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). A total of 200 cases with different geometric and shear strength parameters were analyzed by using the well-known slope stability methods like Fellenius method, Bishop’s method, Janbu method, and Morgenstern and Price method. The FOS values obtained by these slope stability methods were used to develop the prediction models using MLR and ANN. Further, a few case studies have been done along the Jorabat-Shillong Expressway (NH-40) in India, using the finite element method (FEM). The output values of FEM were compared with the developed prediction models to find the best prediction model and the results were discussed. 相似文献
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Deterioration Characteristics of Pre-flawed Granites Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Compression
Qiao Chen Wang Yu Tong Yong-jie Yang He-ping Li Chang-hong Qiao C. 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(8):5907-5916
In order to reveal the evolution characteristics of the frost heaving pressure caused by the water–ice phase transition and volume expansion of the fractured rock mass subjected to the periodic freeze-thaw cycles, and the degradation effect of the freeze-thaw cycle on the mechanical properties of the fractured rocks, the long-term frost heaving pressure monitoring and uniaxial compression test were carried out on saturated fractured granite with different crack size. The results show that the evolution curve of frost heaving pressure can be divided into five stages. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the peak frost heaving pressure decreases exponentially. The peak frost heaving pressure increases linearly with the increase of crack length. The influence of size effect on frost heaving pressure decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the rate of P-wave velocity decreases gradually. The peak stress loss rate of rock with different crack length increases in the form of power function with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. The peak strain changes in the form of quadratic polynomial function with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. The research results can provide reference for theoretical calculation and numerical analysis of frost heaving pressure of fractured rock mass in cold regions.
相似文献9.
岩爆由于其发生的突然性和猛烈性,常给地下工程建设带来灾害性破坏,因此,岩爆预测研究具有重大的工程意义.岩爆由于影响因素众多且关系复杂,采用传统的指标和评价办法很难系统地考虑诸多因素,而采用灰色关联分析方法可建立起各种影响因素的相关性.灰色关联系统通过分析洞室围岩应力、岩性条件和能量条件等影响岩爆的主要因素,选取岩石抗压... 相似文献
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在自主研制的孔隙介质热-水-应力耦合有限元程序中引入Taron等提出的颗粒聚集体的压力溶解模型,针对一个假设的实验室尺度且位于非饱和石英颗粒聚集岩体中的高放废物地质处置模型,拟定两种计算工况：（1）孔隙率和渗透系数是压力溶解的函数;（2）孔隙率和渗透系数均为常数,进行4 a处置时段的数值模拟,考察了岩体中的温度、颗粒界面水膜及孔隙中的溶质浓度、迁移和沉淀质量、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力、地下水流速和应力的变化、分布情况。研究结果表明：工况1计算终了时,压力溶解使得孔隙率和渗透系数分别下降到初始值的43%～54%、4.4%～9.1%。在核废料释热温度场的作用下,工况1、2中的负孔隙水压力分别为初始值的1.00～1.25倍、1.00～1.10倍,前者表现了压力溶解的明显影响;两种工况的岩体中的应力量值及分布基本相同。 相似文献
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准确预测洞室涌水量和库区渗流场的空间分布特征是确保地下水封油库施工期安全性和运行期经济性的基础性工作之一。为真实地反映地下水封油库围岩随机分布裂隙的渗流效应对涌水量预测和渗流场空间分布特性的影响,提出了一种基于嵌入裂隙单元模型（EFE模型）的裂隙岩体渗流分析方法,并采用该方法对湛江水封油库的三维渗流场进行了计算分析,通过对比工程实测资料,验证了所提出方法的可靠性,进而预测了实例工程在运行期的涌水量。计算结果表明,EFE模型能够较好地模拟裂隙对洞室岩体局部渗流场的影响,反映库区渗流场及洞室涌水量空间分布不均匀的特性。研究成果可为水封洞库渗控措施的精准设计以及运行期污水处理设施配套设计工作提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Effect of excavation stages on stress and pore pressure changes for an underground nuclear repository 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A. K. Verma M. S. Saini T. N. Singh Avi Dutt R. K. Bajpai 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):635-645
This paper provides a brief overview of evolution of deformations, stresses, and pore pressures due to different excavation stages during construction of an URL. Excavation of a rockmass develops damage zone of finite width around the excavated zone which is associated with changes in permeability and affect the fluid flow mechanism. In this study, a coupled hydromechanical (HM) analysis for a water saturated porous rock mass has been done which is caused by sequential excavation and backfill of vertical disposal pit of an URL. For this purpose, an Atomic Energy of Canada Limited’s in-floor concept for a deep geologic repository suitable for Indian condition has been used. Changes in rock deformations, stresses, strains and mechanically induced pore pressure in an undrained condition, during excavation, as well as those caused by mechanically induced rock deformations after backfill of the disposal pit have been modeled. A three-dimensional finite difference tool FLAC3D (Itasca Consulting Group Inc. FLAC-3D 1997) has been used for the analysis. 相似文献
13.
This study investigated localized responses, such as circumferential stresses, on corrugation and pipe deflections. Also, this study examined the effect of corrugation geometry on the overall and localized response of corrugated pipes with refined three‐dimensional modeling of the entire soil–pipe interaction system, including corrugation. To investigate the availability of the traditional two‐dimensional method, the results from the three‐dimensional finite element method (FEM) were compared with those from the two‐dimensional FEM. The soil–pipe modeling techniques of this study were verified by comparing the FEM results by Utah State University and analytical results. An artificial neural network (ANN)‐based model to predict vertical deflections of buried corrugated pipes was developed to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods and obtain results that are close to the level of accuracy of FEM results. In order to train an ANN, analyses on a large amount of data were executed with various standardized pipe geometries and burial depths regulated by the Korea Highway Corporation using the two‐dimensional FEM verified in this study. The widely used back propagation algorithm was adopted. The ANN‐based model developed in this study was shown to be an effective tool by comparing the results with test data and sensitivity analyses were executed based on the data from the developed ANN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
以地下水位线以下的石楼隧道典型三趾马红土围岩段为例,通过现场监测对三趾马红土围岩的体积含水量、孔隙水压力、围岩应力（土压力）、拱顶沉降与水平收敛进行了分析。在此基础上,通过原位大剪试验获得了可靠的围岩抗剪强度参数,并建立了隧道三维有限元数值模型,分别对考虑水-力耦合效应、不考虑水-力耦合效应的三趾马红土围岩变形规律进行了探讨,分析了孔隙水压力随着隧道开挖的变化和三趾马红土围岩位移场、应力场受水-力耦合效应的影响程度,并提出了围岩破坏变形机制。结果表明:（1）实测拱顶下沉大于围岩水平变形,围岩应力可分为增长期（ < 20d）、调整期（20~60d）、稳定期（>60d）3个阶段,且整体应力水平较高,下台阶含水量大于上台阶,孔隙水压力经历了由负变正的过程。（2）现场剪切试验所测围岩的黏聚力为64.0kPa,内摩擦角为27.7°。（3）数值分析表明,隧道开挖后孔隙水压力场变化十分明显,这是由地下水流速场的改变引起的,水力坡降在衬砌面附近最为明显,渗透动水压力导致土体产生一定的渗透变形;考虑水-力耦合后围岩剪应力、最大剪应变、拱顶沉降、水平收敛、底板隆起均较大。（4）受开挖及支护的影响,地下水产生渗流并依次经过拱顶、边墙,最终汇集于隧底;受开挖、地下水渗流的影响,围岩节理裂隙进一步扩张,成为地下水良好的运移通道;围岩的有效应力随着孔隙水压力的减小而增大,围岩的力学强度在土体趋于饱和状态时骤降,反过来,高有效应力、低围岩强度以及贯通性节理裂隙三者共同改变着地下水渗流场的状态。（5）为保障围岩整体稳定性,建议及时排出隧道底部积水并施做仰拱。 相似文献
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Currently available models of CaCO3 scale formation during flow in porous media, provide simply a scaling tendency. We present a new tool that proceeds further to predict the distribution of scale precipitation in a one-dimensional porous medium and the consequent pore blocking. The innovative feature of this model is the combination of thermodynamics, kinetics and hydrodynamics for the prediction of scale deposition along and around the production wells. The development of the geochemical model was based on scale reaction calculations attempting to simulate/interpret dynamic tube-scale laboratory experiments. In this work, we present the equation scheme with the basic assumptions employed and some results with relevance to the experimental work. The paper also considers some of the issues associated with the generation and reliability of the laboratory data used in the construction of the geochemical model. The new laboratory scale data have been acquired from a series of sandpack blocking experiments using for the first time a radiotracer technique. 相似文献
16.
Yao Yao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(3):375-387
Hydraulic fracturing technology is being widely used within the oil and gas industry for both waste injection and unconventional
gas production wells. It is essential to predict the behavior of hydraulic fractures accurately based on understanding the
fundamental mechanism(s). The prevailing approach for hydraulic fracture modeling continues to rely on computational methods
based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). Generally, these methods give reasonable predictions for hard rock hydraulic
fracture processes, but still have inherent limitations, especially when fluid injection is performed in soft rock/sand or
other non-conventional formations. These methods typically give very conservative predictions on fracture geometry and inaccurate
estimation of required fracture pressure. One of the reasons the LEFM-based methods fail to give accurate predictions for
these materials is that the fracture process zone ahead of the crack tip and softening effect should not be neglected in ductile
rock fracture analysis. A 3D pore pressure cohesive zone model has been developed and applied to predict hydraulic fracturing
under fluid injection. The cohesive zone method is a numerical tool developed to model crack initiation and growth in quasi-brittle
materials considering the material softening effect. The pore pressure cohesive zone model has been applied to investigate
the hydraulic fracture with different rock properties. The hydraulic fracture predictions of a three-layer water injection
case have been compared using the pore pressure cohesive zone model with revised parameters, LEFM-based pseudo 3D model, a
Perkins-Kern–Nordgren (PKN) model, and an analytical solution. Based on the size of the fracture process zone and its effect
on crack extension in ductile rock, the fundamental mechanical difference of LEFM and cohesive fracture mechanics-based methods
is discussed. An effective fracture toughness method has been proposed to consider the fracture process zone effect on the
ductile rock fracture. 相似文献
17.
TSP在公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
根据TSP技术的特点,将TSP技术应用于掌子面前方不良地质对象的预报工作中,同时比较了基于地质雷达和基于TSP的预报结果。水平地质钻探与现场开挖的实际情况表明,基于TSP技术的隧道超前预报,在预报距离,预报的准确性,以及对围岩的判别等方面,均明显优于传统的地质雷达。文章最后还指出了该技术存在的一些待进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
18.
岩体裂纹的水力劈裂是岩体开裂渗漏甚至施工涌水的重要影响因素之一,也是岩土工程界的研究热点。从断裂力学角度分析了爆破开挖对岩体含水裂纹扩展的扰动作用,结果表明,爆破开挖扰动下,岩体含水裂纹的扩展,与爆炸应力波强度及其入射角、地应力的大小与方向、孔隙水压大小、裂纹的倾角及断裂韧度等因素相关;爆炸应力波的作用,相当于增大了岩体裂纹中的孔隙水压力,每1 cm/s的峰值振动速度相当于增大100 kPa的孔隙水压力,爆破振动速度越大,所产生的爆破扰动荷载越大;岩体开挖引起的岩体裂纹近区地应力及其孔隙水压力的变化,对裂纹的失稳与扩展具有较复杂的影响,可改变裂纹的失稳扩展模式。 相似文献
19.
Manoj Khandelwal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):205-217
The purpose of this article is to evaluate and predict the blast induced ground vibration using different conventional vibration
predictors and artificial neural network (ANN) at a surface coal mine of India. Ground Vibration is a seismic wave that spread
out from the blast hole when detonated in a confined manner. 128 blast vibrations were recorded and monitored in and around
the surface coal mine at different strategic and vulnerable locations. Among these, 103 blast vibrations data sets were used
for the training of the ANN network as well as to determine site constants of various conventional vibration predictors, whereas
rest 25 blast vibration data sets were used for the validation and comparison by ANN and empirical formulas. Two types of
ANN model based on two parameters (maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point) and multiple
parameters (burden, spacing, charge length, maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point)
were used in the present study to predict the peak particle velocity. Finally, it is found that the ANN model based on multiple
input parameters have better prediction capability over two input parameters ANN model and conventional vibration predictors. 相似文献