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叶传贤 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1988,(3)
X-荧光分析基本参数法基于严格的理论计算对被分析样品的基体效应进行有效的校正,从而提高分析的准确性。地化所丰梁垣开发的基本参数法FLY-FPM软件系数,适用于元素系统各种合金、素化合物等、氧化物系统(硅酸盐等)以及混合样品系统(如元素-氧化物系统),可以测定样品中Na(11)—U(92)间所有元素, 相似文献
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岩石侵蚀速率测算方法研究综述及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论了目前应用比较广泛的几种测算岩石侵蚀速率的方法,将目前岩石侵蚀速率测算方法分为2类:一类为质量测算法,包括公式计算法、流域水化学监测法、样品称重法;另一类为几何测算法,包括微侵蚀测量仪法、对比计算法和宇宙成因核素法.探讨了各方法的测算原理、优缺点及其适用领域,质量测算法中的公式计算法和流域水化学监测法比较适用于大面积的国土监测工作;样品称重法和3类几何测算法适用于尺度较小的地学研究和文物保护、工程技术等应用领域.最后,总结了岩石侵蚀速率研究者和案例地的地理分布规律,并对岩石侵蚀速率测算研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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利用X射线荧光光谱分析硅酸盐地质样品,取样的重量通常要几百毫克(一般情况下400—1000毫克)。但是在某些情况下,由于没有足够数量的样品用于通常的X射线荧光分析,因此必须利用某些特殊的方法。在这些特殊的方法中,除了使用X射线荧光探针法之外(Rose等,1969),通常采用各种薄样法。其中最简便的方法是将磨细的样品粉末,均匀地 相似文献
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我们试用了北京第二光学仪器厂新近研制成功的7502型ICP—AES光量计。用于地质样品分析,进行了硅酸盐类样品中24个元素的同时测定。对该仪器的计算机软件提出了较大的修改,使其能适应于各种类型样品分析。实验结果表明,该仪器在检出限、精确度方面都达到或超过国外同类仪器的水平。这标志着我国的大型精密仪器已跨入世界仪器制造业的先进行列。我们很高兴地向国内的主管部门和同行们推荐该新产品。 本工作仅对硅酸盐类样品进行测试。采用HF, 相似文献
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X射线荧光光谱法分析地质样品的应用技巧 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)具有制样简单、绿色环保、可同时测定多个元素等特点,被广泛应用于勘查地球化学分析领域中,其中粉末压片XRF是快速经济的主导方法。然而在大批量实际样品测试中,如果分析者选择测量条件不当或者校正标准曲线不合理,就会导致测量结果的粗大误差甚至测出不合逻辑的数据。本文对地质样品中的主要元素在测试中容易出现的技术问题作一具体分析:以钒元素为例,用实验说明探测器的选择对于测量结果的重要性,采用SC探测器可将V Kα线与Ti Kβ线分开,而采用SC+PC探测器两元素的谱线发生重叠;以硅酸盐中铁元素为例,描述了不同的回归标准曲线对测量结果的影响;对地质样品中低含量铌、钽的测定,标准曲线要根据实际情况合理回归,并将测试后的样品与化学方法对照,结果相符。同时提出了硅酸盐、碳酸盐等地质样品的测量问题。对于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石地质样品,一些元素之间会产生相互干扰,以常见的造岩元素钛为例,用实验证明铝和铁对钛的谱线确实有增强和吸收效应;对于常见的碳酸盐类样品,氯和铬的测量要考虑氧化钙的吸收增强效应,必须添加氧化钙作为其吸收增强校正项,才能保证测量结果可靠。针对硫元素的测定,除了受到硫赋存状态的影响,样品污染问题也是影响因素之一,需要避免空气、实验室环境以及分析过程中对样品的污染。本文针对一些典型元素XRF分析提出的具体测量方案,应用于实际地质样品测试可以获得满意的效果。 相似文献
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主要针对宝石材料进行了激光诱导离解光谱技术定量分析方法的总结以及对比研究。选择外标法、自由定标法和归一化的外标法三种较为适用于宝石材料分析的方法进行了介绍。选取陨石玻璃、绿辉石、紫色翡翠以及硅酸盐玻璃等成分较为均匀的样品作为分析对象,使用中国地质大学（武汉）珠宝学院自制的激光诱导离解光谱设备,分别运用三种方法对其进行了定量分析的计算。定量分析结果显示,外标法易受成分变化及结构差异而造成的基体效应的影响,分析的准确度不高;自由定标法在分析成分复杂的样品时,其影响因素十分复杂,会产生较大的误差;归一化的外标法可有效校正基体效应的影响,其定量分析结果要优于前两者,虽然在微量元素分析准确度上尚需改进,但不失为一种较好的快速定量分析宝石材料的定量分析方法。 相似文献
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基于支持向量机的喀斯特山区土壤环境质量评价——以贵州北部一茶叶园区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州北部一茶叶园区80个表层土壤样品为研究对象,对其Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr和Cu含量进行测定,在MATLAB中应用支持向量机构建土壤环境质量评价模型,并与模糊综合评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法的评价结果对比分析,探究支持向量机模型在喀斯特山区土壤环境质量评价中的适用性,其结果表明:研究区土壤质量Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类样品比例为33∶7,土壤环境质量大多数为I类;支持向量机方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法结果的相同率分别达到82.5%和80.0%,并分析结果有差异的样品,发现支持向量机评价结果更符合实际情况,这说明该模型适用于土壤环境质量的评价。 相似文献
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阐述了关于微量相X射线衍射定量分析的一种简便方法———近似线性关系法,它适用于二相体系(或基体吸收系数基本恒定的多相体系)材料中微量相的定量分析。该方法不需要在待测样品中加入参考物相,分析时仅需对一条衍射线进行测定,因而分析时间很短,其测定结果与实际含量的相对误差为-10.2%～ 21.4%,与外标法和内标法的测量结果的精度相当。 相似文献
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不同熔（溶）矿方法对硅酸盐岩石中氧化钛分析结果的影响苗升明江苏省东海县环境监测站，东海，２２２３００关键词：熔（溶）矿法，硅酸盐岩石，氧化钛，化学分析，江苏东海ＥｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｏｆＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＭｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆＭｅｌｔｉｎｇｏｒＤｉｓ... 相似文献
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本文研究了用流动注射-光度法测定硅酸盐岩石中硅的实验条件,建立了一个可靠的测定高含量硅的方法,精密度和准确度良好。对标准参考岩石样品分析结果与推荐值吻合。 相似文献
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Silver content of silicate rook samples rarely exceeds 200 ppb. For determining such low levels of silver, a solid sampling flame atomic absorption method has been developed and has been applied to the analysis of several silicate rock reference samples. These results are compared with the sparse published data. Using silver as an example, the usefulness of solid sampling procedures for testing the repartition of volatile trace elements during the processing of new rock reference samples is illustrated. 相似文献
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R. Fuge 《Chemical Geology》1973,12(1):61-66
Vanadium is determined in geological samples utilising the red complex formed between V5+ and 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol. The determination is performed with the Technicon Auto Analyzer. The method has been applied to the determination of the element in standard rock and mineral samples after fusion with sodium carbonate and magnesium oxide. Using this sensitive method, it is possible to determine as little as 1 p.p.m. vanadium in a 200-mg sample of silicate rock or mineral. 相似文献
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We have developed a rapid and accurate method to determine Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta (denoted as HFSE) in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry fitted with a flow injection system (FI-ICP-MS). The method involves sample decomposition by HF followed by HF dissolution of HFSE coprecipitated with insoluble M and Ca fluoride residues formed during the initial HF attack. This HF solution was directly nebulized into an ICP mass spectrometer. An external calibration curve method and an isotope dilution method (ID) were applied for the determination of Nb and Ta, and of Zr and Hf, respectively. Recovery yields of HFSE were > 96% for peridotite, basalt and andesite compositions, apart from Zr and Hf for peridotite (> 85%). No matrix effects for either signal intensities of HFSE or isotope ratios of Zr and Hf were observed in basalt, andesite and peridotite solutions down to a dilution factor of 100. Detection limits in silicate rocks were 40, 2, 1 and 0.1 ng g-1 for Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta, respectively. This technique required only 0.1 ml of sample solution, and thus is suitable for analysing small and/or precious samples such as meteorites, mantle peridotites and their mineral separates. We also present newly determined data for the Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta concentrations in USGS silicate reference materials DTS-1, PCC-1, BCR-1, BHVO-1 and AGV-1, GSJ reference materials JB-1, -2, -3, JA-1, -2 and -3, and the Smithsonian reference Allende powder. 相似文献
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作为长江中下游防洪的骨干工程,长江堤防的兴建防改写了中下游平原“三年两淹”的历史,发挥了巨大的防洪效益.同
时,堤防的存在也引发了新的流域环境问题.基于“人-水-地和谐”流域治水理念,分析了堤防建设对自然状态下河流地质过
程和水文环境的干预与改变,以及由此引发的新的水环境问题.提出堤防建设应充分考虑地质背景条件和地学演化规律,适应
水文环境,以人-水-地和谐为宗旨.未来长江堤防建设的重点应该放在适应地质条件和顺应地质作用规律上.在新的防洪形
势下,长江堤防的功能与作用需要重新定位.随着三峡及上游水利工程的建设和运用,长江中下游的防洪形势发生了重大变
化,长江中下游的水问题(水多、水少、水浑、水脏)的重要性排序正在悄然发生变化,即由水多(洪灾)、水浑(水土流失与泥沙淤
积)转向水少(干旱)和水脏(水污染).长江堤防的功能相应由防洪骨干工程转变为水资源合理利用与生态环境保护的骨干工
程,其主要作用应该由“挡水”转为“控水”和“导水”.以长江堤防为依托的防旱、排水、江湖连通、湿地生态保护等系统工程构建
应成为未来长江中下游水利工程的重点. 相似文献
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Akio Makishima Katsura Kobayashi Eizo Nakamura 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2002,26(1):41-51
A simple and accurate method for the determination of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn at μg g?1 levels in milligram‐sized bulk silicate materials is reported using isotope dilution high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS) with a flow injection system. Silicate samples with Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn spikes were digested with HF‐HBr and Br2, and subsequently decomposed at 518 K in a Teflon bomb. In this procedure, all sulfides and chromite, major hosts of these elements, were completely decomposed, thus allowing for isotope equilibration between the sample and spike. Magnesium and Al fluorides formed after the digestion of the sample were removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant was directly aspirated into a HR‐ICP‐MS at a mass resolution of 7500, where interfering oxide ions, ArO+, CaO+, TiO+, CrO+ and VO+, were separated from Cr+, Ni+, Cu+ and Zn+. No matrix effects were observed down to a dilution factor of 50. Detection limits for these elements in silicate samples were < 0.04 μg g?1. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated by the analysis of 13 to 40 mg test portions of USGS and GSJ silicate reference materials with a major element composition ranging from andesite to peridotite, in addition to 8‐23 mg of the Smithsonian reference Allende. Both the reproducibility and the deviation from the reference value for most reference materials of various rock types were < 9%, and thus confirm that the method gives accurate analytical results for small sample sizes over a wide range of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn contents. This method is, therefore, suitable for analysing small and/or precious bulk samples, such as meteorites, mantle peridotites and mineral separates, and for the characterisation of silicate and sulfide minerals for use as calibration samples in secondary ion mass spectrometry or laser ablation ICP‐MS. 相似文献
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A method for the determination of Ge, As, Se and Te in silicate samples using isotope dilution-internal standardisation (ID-IS) octopole reaction cell (ORC) ICP-QMS by normal sample nebulisation was developed. The method does not involve either hydride generation or ion exchange. Germanium, Se and Te were determined by isotope dilution (ID), and As was determined by ID-IS. A silicate sample with an added Ge-Se-Te spike was digested with an HF-HNO3 -HBr mixture, dried, re-dissolved with HF and the supernatant liquid was directly aspirated into an ORC-ICP-QMS instrument with He or H2 gas. No matrix effects were observed down to a dilution factor (DF) of ∼ 70 for Ge, Se and Te and DF of ∼ 1000 for As, which resulted in 3s detection limits in silicates of 2, 1, 0.1 and 4 ng g−1 , respectively. Advantages of the method are the simple sample introduction as well as a capability of determining S, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by ID-IS-ICP-QMS/SFMS from the same solution. Furthermore, the total sample solution consumption was only 0.253 ml with DF = 2000. Therefore, only a 0.13 mg test portion was required. To demonstrate the applicability of this technique, Ge, As, Se and Te in eight silicate reference materials were determined, as well as S, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta in four carbonaceous chondrites. 相似文献
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We have developed a rapid and accurate method for the determination of Mo, Sb and W in geological samples using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with a flow injection system (ID-FI-ICP-MS). The chemical procedure requires HF digestion of the sample with a Mo-Sb-W mixed spike, subsequent evaporation and dissolution of Mo, Sb and W from Mg and Ca fluorides with HF. Recovery yields of Mo, Sb and W in the extraction were > 94% for samples of peridotite, basalt and andesite composition, with the exception of W in samples of peridotite composition for which recovery was 81%. No matrix effects were observed in the determination of the isotope ratios of Mo, Sb and W in solutions prepared from peridotite, basalt and andesite samples down to a dilution factor of 100. Detection limits of Mo, Sb and W in silicate materials were at the several ng g−1 level. Analysis of the silicate reference materials PCC-1, DTS-1, BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1 from the US Geological Survey and JP-1, JB-1, -2, -3, JA-1, -2, and -3 from the Geological Survey of Japan as well as the Smithsonian reference Allende powder yielded reliable Mo, Sb and W concentrations. The repeatability in the analysis of basalts and andesites was < 9%. This technique requires only 0.2 ml sample solution, and is therefore suitable for analyzing small and/or precious samples such as meteorites, mantle peridotites and their mineral separates. 相似文献
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A rapid and simple method of analysis of silicate rocks using gold crucibles and fluoroboric acid as a solvent of the disintegrated material has been developed. The main elements are determined in a single treatment. The results obtained are comparable to the values recommended for samples of eleven standard rocks. 相似文献