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《上海国土资源》2015,(4)
条件价值法是目前资源环境经济价值货币评估中较为广泛的应用方法,其经济理论基础虽已趋完善,但准确性仍受质疑,而双边界二分式条件价值法是可以最大限度地减少偏差的支付诱导方式。本文将双边界二分式CVM模型引入农民对耕地资源保护补偿意愿的经济价值评估研究中,为平衡同一主体受偿意愿与支付意愿存在较大的差异性,基于不同的假想市场,以武汉市450份农村居民意愿为例,进行农户对耕地资源保护的接受意愿和支付意愿的实证分析,以探索条件价值评估法双边界二分式意愿引导技术在我国应用的适用性。研究表明:农户的受偿意愿每亩在309.30~650.39元之间,其点估计值为477.47元;支付意愿在206.87~380.38元之间,其点估计值为290.86元。根据我国国情、补偿时空差异性和实施的可操作性,确定具有一定弹性的耕地资源保护补偿意愿标准为每亩290.86~477.47元之间。 相似文献
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空气污染损害价值的WTP、WTA对比研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
条件估值法(Contingent Valuation Method, CVM),通过询问人们对于环境质量改善的支付意愿(Willingness To Pay, WTP)或受到损害后的受偿意愿(Willingness To Accept, WTA)来评估环境物品或服务的价值。虽然对CVM的准确性存在争议,但这一方法正被越来越广泛地应用,人们认识到这一方法能够解决许多无法解决的问题。空气污染一直是澳门的环境问题，空气污染造成的损害是多方面的。本研究分2次进行,2002年12月SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)爆发前，进行了WTP的调查,打电话调查样本1 600个,回收有效问卷720份；2004年3月SARS爆发后，又进行了WTA调查,打电话调查样本1 336个,回收有效问卷543份。本研究旨在采用CVM中之WTP和WTA方法，分析比较SARS爆发前后，居民对澳门空气污染损失的意愿价值的变化情况，探讨WTP和WTA两种研究方法的估值差异，为城市环境管理提供决策依据。本研究的特点:①对调查的误差进行了统计学分析；②CVM的调查采用支付意愿和受偿意愿相结合的对比研究。经济分析结果表明，2002年SARS爆发前,以WTP分析得出澳门空气污染的年经济损失保守估计值为3.77亿MOP(澳门元, 1美元=8.033MOP)、占当年GDP的0.69%；2004年SARS爆发后,以WTA法分析得出澳门空气污染的年经济损失最高估计值为14.32亿MOP/年,占当年GDP的2.2%。研究表明，SARS爆发后，居民的环护意识有不同程度的提高。 相似文献
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澳门噪音污染损害价值的条件估值研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
条件价值评估法（Contingent Valuation Method, CVM）是评估环境污染的经济损失价值的有效方法之一。在CVM研究方法发展的同时，应用范围亦不断扩大。本次调查通过询问人们对环境质量改善的支付意愿(Willingness To Pay, WTP)或忍受环境损失的受偿意愿(Willingness To Accept, WTA)，探求澳门噪音污染的损害程度，为政府部门提供决策依据。试验以等距离随机抽样法访问了1 920人，回收样本956个。本研究对研究方法作了一些新的尝试:①对调查的误差进行了统计学分析；②在假设受访者是诚实和有信用的前提下，问卷采用双向投标卡博弈的问卷设计,对受访者同时进行WTA和WTP之引导试验,减少分开调查时可能出现的策略性偏差；③对影响噪音污染意愿调查结果的9项因素进行了统计学分析, 给出了回归方程。研究结果显示, 被访者的月收入、家庭规模和对噪音的关注程度影响其支付意愿和受偿意愿。2003年澳门噪音污染的年经济损失(以WTP方法试验的结果, 得到澳门噪音污染的最小损害)为5.32亿MOP/a(MOP为澳门元, 1美元=8.033MOP); 以WTA方法试验的结果,得到澳门噪音污染的最大损害为10.6亿MOP/a; 如果取CVM之中值,估算出澳门噪音污染的年损害值为7.98亿MOP/a。还对WTP与WTA之间的差异原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
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条件价值评估法的发展与应用 总被引：115，自引：2，他引：115
环境物品或生态系统服务的经济价值评估是国际上生态经济学、环境经济学研究的前沿领域。由于绝大多数环境物品或生态系统服务的公共物品特性，其经济价值的评估需要运用非市场的价值评估技术。条件价值评估法（CVM）是非市场价值评估技术中应用最广、影响最大的一种方法。详细介绍了国际上CVM及其发展与应用研究的现状，分析了CVM在环境价值评估技术中的地位及其理论基础，总结了最大支付意愿（WTP）的各种引导技术，全面归纳了CVM研究中可能出现的各种偏差及其相应的解决方法，简要介绍了最大支付意愿的数据统计分析方法。 相似文献
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意愿价值评估法（CVM）以新古典经济学需求理论为基础，通过构造假想市场使生态服务价值的评估成为可能。但是，经验研究中出现了与新古典经济理论及其预期不一致的异常现象，致使CVM的有效性与可靠性受到广泛质疑，而成为目前国际CVM研究的主要方向。对国际、国内CVM有效性与可靠性的研究进展进行了综述，重点梳理了国际上对WTP的内容依赖性、WTP与WTA的显著差异及可靠性与效益转移等方面的经验研究；而国内由于缺乏该方面的系统研究，制约了CVM在我国生态价值评估及环境公共政策制定中的应用。为此，在前期开展的实例研究基础上，设计了适合我国社会经济特征和生态环境特点的CVM有效性与可靠性研究的技术路线和多重调查方案，以期推动CVM在我国的进一步发展与应用。 相似文献
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恢复额济纳旗生态系统的总经济价值——条件估值非参数估计方法的应用 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10
条件估值方法是当前国际上流行的衡量环境物品非利用经济价值的方法, 通过调查居民针对不同环境状况变化的支付意愿,从而定量确定环境状况变化带来的经济效益和损失. 针对黑河流域额济纳旗生态系统恶化的现状,以投标支付卡的方法设计了700份调查问卷,调查了黑河流域居民恢复额济纳旗生态系统的支付意愿,并采用非参数分析方法对结果进行分析. 结果表明,用20 a的时间将额济纳旗的生态系统恢复到20世纪80年代初的水平,黑河流域总共有92.3%的居民家庭存在支付意愿,有支付意愿家庭的平均支付意愿为每年每户43.39元,同时采用列联表检验的方法辨明了被调查者的年龄、学历、收入、户籍和居住的地理区域等因素对支付意愿的影响. 最后在综合不同区域居民支付意愿差异的基础上,采用当前的市场利率将计算结果在时空尺度上加总,得到恢复黑河下游额济纳生态系统的总经济价值的现值为2.94×10+8元. 相似文献
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意愿价值法评估生态服务价值的有效性与可靠性及实例设计研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
意愿价值评估法(CVM)以新古典经济学需求理论为基础,通过构造假想市场使生态服务价值的评估成为可能.但是,经验研究中出现了与新古典经济理论及其预期不一致的异常现象,致使CVM的有效性与可靠性受到广泛质疑,而成为目前国际CVM研究的主要方向.对国际、国内CVM有效性与可靠性的研究进展进行了综述,重点梳理了国际上对WTP的内容依赖性、WTP与WTA的显著差异及可靠性与效益转移等方面的经验研究;而国内由于缺乏该方面的系统研究,制约了CVM在我国生态价值评估及环境公共政策制定中的应用.为此,在前期开展的实例研究基础上,设计了适合我国社会经济特征和生态环境特点的CVM有效性与可靠性研究的技术路线和多重调查方案,以期推动CVM在我国的进一步发展与应用. 相似文献
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为提高公众对洞穴旅游资源非使用价值的重视程度,以世界自然遗产地芙蓉洞为研究对象,采用单边界二分式条件价值法,以到芙蓉洞景区旅游的游客、重庆市民为调查对象,对芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源的非使用价值进行评估。其结果表明:芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源非使用价值的平均支付意愿为330.49元,非使用价值总额为229.82亿元,远大于其门票收入;芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源非使用价值的平均支付意愿大小与被调查者对芙蓉洞非使用价值的了解程度、婚姻状况、年龄、职业、年收入、文化程度、人均出游花销显著相关。今后应加强对芙蓉洞非使用价值的认知,通过多种渠道宣传芙蓉洞的非使用价值,多方合力,共同保护芙蓉洞洞穴旅游资源。 相似文献
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基于条件价值法评估罗源湾海洋生物多样性维持服务价值 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
海洋生物多样性维持服务指海洋中不仅生活着丰富的生物种群,还为其提供了重要的产卵场、越冬场、索饵场、避难所、栖息地等场所.基于条件价值法,于2009年8月对福建罗源湾周边城镇居民进行问卷调查,掌握当地居民对保护罗源湾生物多样性的支付意愿,进而评估罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值.结果显示,2009年罗源湾4种珍稀生物的支付意愿为618.8元/户.2004-2008年罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值分别为747.17万元、1 912.52万元、2 565.08万元、3 821.92万元、5 272.00万元.分析表明:家庭年收入、对保护生物的了解程度和环保意识是影响生物多样性维持服务价值的主要因素.对于保护海洋生物多样性来说,经济发展政策和环保政策都是必要的,如何做好这2个政策的平衡是政府应该关注的. 相似文献
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Environmental economics of the Khangchendzonga National Park in the Sikkim Himalaya, India 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A contingent valuation survey was conducted involving local community members, domestic and foreign visitors to estimate the
environmental economics of the Khangchendzonga National Park and to elicit their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for its maintenance
and conservation. Using a random survey, the average WTP was US$ 8.84 for foreign visitors per visit, followed by US$ 6.20
per household per year by local community members and US$ 1.91 per domestic visitor per visit for improvement in environmental
conservation. The WTP was strongly influenced by age, education and income. The present study demonstrated that the contingent
valuation method (CVM) is a promising approach, however it lacks inclusion of non-monetary contributions. The WTP for environmental
management by the local communities was mostly in kind or time for services. The CVM can be a useful tool for decision-makers
regarding investment and policy purposes for management of biodiversity hot spots and protected areas in developing countries.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Willingness to pay for improved residential waste management in a developing country 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. E. Ezebilo 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):413-422
In most developing countries policies and frameworks that govern solid waste management strategies have often been directed at the waste management service providers and less attention is often given to the demand side of the problem. This paper reports a study regarding householders’ willingness to pay for improved residential solid waste management. The data for the study originated from a contingent valuation survey that was conducted in 236 households in Ilorin city in Kwara State, Nigeria. A binary logit model was used to account for some factors influencing the respondents’ willingness to pay. The results show that more than 80 % of the respondents were in support of the residential waste management. The respondents were willing to pay an average of 3,660 Nigerian Naira (US $24) each year. Income, education, dwelling type and whether the respondent is satisfied with private sector participation in provision of waste management service positively influenced the respondents’ willingness to pay. The price, gender, household size and activities of sanitary inspectors had negative influence. The findings from this study could contribute to the knowledge regarding the design of a more sustainable residential waste management strategy in Nigeria and other countries that have similar conditions. 相似文献
13.
Fabio Zagonari 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):1101-1133
In this paper, I applied statistical, econometric, and mathematical methodologies to evaluate the conditions required for implementing a publicly supported trans-boundary flood risk management plan in accordance with the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EU). Although this paper adopts a focus on the methodology rather than on solving a specific problem, the Scheldt estuary is used to provide an illustrative case study of this approach. I showed that, apart from some expected minor differences, the Belgians and the Dutch can be considered a relatively homogeneous population. Moreover, I estimated the main determinants of both perceived flood risk (PFR) and willingness to pay (WTP) for a compensation fund by using a linear model and an ordered probit model (based on a double-bounded dichotomous-choice approach), respectively. Some policies appear to be potentially effective: a campaign to inform the general public about evacuation and trauma management could increase WTP by 19 and 21 %, respectively; an information campaign focused on young women could reduce PFR; and a campaign to inform the general public about flood strategies and the need to disregard flood events in the press could reduce PFR by 56 and 54 %, respectively. Finally, I showed that, apart from some expected differences between the values at risk in Belgium and the Netherlands, both individual rationality and overall feasibility conditions are met. Thus, if information campaigns and other measures are designed to account for differences between the Belgians and the Dutch, a publicly supported trans-boundary flood risk management plan can be successfully implemented. 相似文献
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Households’ perceptions of private sector municipal solid waste management services: A binary choice analysis 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
E. E. Ezebilo Ph.D. E. D. Animasaun M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(4):677-686
The increase in the volume of waste materials discharged to the environment and deterioration of environmental quality in urban areas have been an issue of major concern for many governments in developing countries. To improve effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of waste management services some of the governments have involved the private sector. This study uses binary choice model to examine urban residents’ perceptions regarding solid waste management that involves the private sector and what could be done to improve the waste management services. The data were generated from survey conducted in 238 households in Ilorin in southwest Nigeria. The results show that most of the respondents were not satisfied with solid waste management in the Ilorin. Binary logit model estimates reveal that the respondents’ perceptions regarding waste management were determined by income, travel time to dump site and marital status, as well as awareness of laws regarding waste disposal and activities of sanitary inspectors. For solid waste management in urban areas to be sustainable, it requires participation of the government, private sector and residents. The results generated from this study can help waste management authorities in designing a more sustainable waste management strategy in Ilorin, as well as in other cities that have similar conditions. 相似文献