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1.
滇西藏东三江地区主要地块碰撞拼合的古地磁分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
利用古地磁数据,结合与构造活动有关的沉积记录以及古生物地理信息,对华南、思茅、保山、缅泰、印支、拉萨和喜马拉雅地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比研究,以确定云南西部三江地区主要地块的碰撞拼合历史。结果表明:(1)思茅地块可能源于华南地块;(2)保山和缅泰地块在晚石炭世至晚二叠世发生快速北移;(3)保山与华南地块于晚二叠世碰撞之后,和缅泰地块、华南地块以及印支地块继续向北漂移,直到晚三叠世;(4)保山与华南地块间的古特提斯洋可能于早志留世张开,晚二叠世闭合。  相似文献   

2.
通过对比分析华南地块和基墨里大陆(包括保山、缅泰和羌塘地块)间、华北和西伯利亚地块间的古纬度和纬度运移量,分别确定了古特提斯洋和古亚洲洋的闭合时代.结果表明:(1)基墨里大陆东部的保山地块与华南地块于晚二叠世碰撞,然后继续和华南地块、缅泰地块、羌塘地块一起向北漂移,直到晚三叠世,即在云南三江地区,古特提斯洋的闭合时代为晚二叠世晚期; (2)早二叠世西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移,并于二叠纪末期(~250 Ma)和华北地块发生碰撞,即位于两地块间古亚洲洋最终闭合时代为二叠纪末;(3)峨眉山和西伯利亚两个大火成岩省的形成时代和大洋的闭合时代吻合,而大火成岩省在时间上又与全球生物灭绝事件吻合,进而推断二叠纪末的生物灭绝事件可能与古亚洲洋和古特提斯洋的闭合密切相关.  相似文献   

3.
对华南地块、塔里木地块和基墨里大陆(包括保山、缅泰和羌塘地块)进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,以确定古特提斯洋盆的闭合时代。结果表明:①保山与华南地块于晚二叠世碰撞,然后继续和华南地块、缅泰地块一起向北漂移,直到晚三叠世,并导致华南地块与华北地块碰撞和秦岭—大别造山带的形成;②羌塘地块与塔里木地块碰撞发生在晚三叠世;古特提斯洋沿着保山地块东缘和羌塘地块北缘的闭合是不同时的,东早西晚;③华南地块向北漂移,可能引起了华南地块西部和东昆仑—柴达木地块南部的古特提斯洋北岸的凹入,这为松潘—甘孜海底扇的发育提供了空间;古特提斯洋闭合引起的俯冲造成了华南地块西部大陆边缘的裂离,也共同为海底扇的发育提供了空间。包括塔里木地块、华南地块、东昆仑—柴达木地块和羌塘地块在内的几个地块的合围,导致了松潘—甘孜地块三角形的构造形状。支持以前的假设:松潘—甘孜三叠纪复理石杂岩的物源来自华北地块南缘或秦岭—大别造山带。  相似文献   

4.
昌宁—孟连带位于保山—耿马和思茅一临沧地块之间,保存有多种缝合带记录和罕见的泥盆纪至中三叠世连续洋盆沉积序列,代表古特提斯多岛洋主支部位,临沧地块很可能是一个亲冈瓦纳的外来地体,晚二叠世前增生到思茅地块西缘。因此,澜沧江带和昌宁—孟连带晚二叠世前属于同一个洋盆,向南与泰国北部难河—程逸缝合带连接。古特提斯的最后封闭发生于晚印支期,以后又遭受新特提斯阶段喜马拉雅期构造运动的强烈影响。  相似文献   

5.
孟中玙  王建刚  李伟桐 《地质学报》2023,97(9):3024-3042
新特提斯洋是中生代位于北方欧亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的古大洋,它在青藏高原南部地区于新生代早期因印度-欧亚大陆碰撞而消亡,其遗迹为现今的印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带。新特提斯洋打开以拉萨地块从冈瓦纳大陆的裂离为标志。准确约束新特提斯洋的开启时间是重建冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程和特提斯洋演化历史的关键,但目前学术界对于新特提斯洋的开启时间还存在很大争议,不同学科方法的认识从早二叠世到晚三叠世不等。本文对新特提斯洋南侧印度被动大陆边缘二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层进行了系统的梳理,研究发现在早二叠世冰期结束之后,印度大陆北缘长期表现为稳定的沉积环境,显著的沉积环境变化仅发生在晚三叠世。晚三叠世的沉积环境变化伴随着沉积和沉降速率增加、沉积物源变化、双峰式火山活动以及古地理格局的重大改变。研究认为,晚三叠世印度大陆北缘沉积作用变化所记录的区域伸展作用很可能代表了新特提斯洋的开启。  相似文献   

6.
晚古生代-三叠纪南盘江海的构造古地理问题   总被引:34,自引:1,他引:34       下载免费PDF全文
晚古生代-三叠纪,滇黔桂三省区和越南北部有南盘江海长期发育。地质构造上,北面为扬子地块,东南有云开地块和大明山微陆块,西南有越北地块。南盘江海内部有北部的田林海盆,中部的八布洋盆和南部的钦防海盆。中间有许多大小不一的海下台地,最大的是大明山台地,其次是靖西台地和西畴台地。早泥盆世晚期南盘江海的张开,可能是冈瓦纳板块反时针旋转、扬子地块北移,使其间滇桂-越北地块裂解的结果。进一步的海底扩张导致早石炭世时八布海盆出现洋壳,南盘江海成为南北超过20个纬度的小洋盆。古地理再造表明,八布海盆的扩张脊可能连接西面哀牢山海的洋脊。晚二叠世云开地块北移,与大明山微陆块碰撞。早三叠世印支地块北移,和越北地块会聚。晚二叠世-中三叠世南盘江海南缘出现活动陆缘。晚三叠世印支-越北地块与扬子地块会聚,南盘江海闭合。南盘江海和哀牢山海及昌宁-孟连海的发生、发展和消亡基本同步,可能属古特提斯同一洋脊系统控制。  相似文献   

7.
青海可可西里大地构造基本特征   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
在可可西里地区发现的晚古生代蛇绿混杂岩及不整合于其上的晚二叠世—早三叠世海滩亚相石英砂岩表明此区曾存在过古特提斯洋,早二叠世末古特提斯基本闭合。晚二叠世—早三叠世为相对稳定阶段。中、晚三叠世海侵,沉积了巨厚复理石。三叠纪末—早侏罗世发生了强烈的造山作用,形成造山带,可可西里地区进入陆内演化阶段。  相似文献   

8.
云南特提斯带保山-腾冲地块早古生代岩浆岩   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
云南滇西地区作为东特提斯构造带的重要组成部分之一,其大地构造格局和对全球特提斯演化意义长期以来是众多研究者的关注热点。滇西特提斯构造带(包括川西南部分)是由多个地块和地块相间的造山带组成,如腾冲地体、保山地体、思茅地体及它们之间的属新特提斯带的高黎贡碰撞带和属古特提斯带的昌宁-孟连缝合带等。经受晚古生代—早中生代古特提斯和中生代—新生代新特提斯造山作用的影响,该地区经历了复杂的变质变形。由于地块内部基底出露局限和多期构造作用的叠加影响,特提斯构造带内的变质基底地体的属性和演化历史难于恢复。 位于云南西南部的腾冲-保山地块,包含保山地块,腾冲地块和其间的潞西地槽,属于缅泰马微大陆的北部。在三叠纪期间,该地块处于东部古特提斯主洋盆即昌宁-孟连古特提斯洋封闭时地前陆部位。部分学者认为,在新特提斯洋扩张时期,腾冲地块和保山地块分离,形成属于班公湖-怒江洋盆的东延分支海槽。该海槽在早侏罗世闭合,并导致腾冲地块和保山地块的碰撞,形成高黎贡碰撞构造带。以高黎贡群为典型代表的一套中—新元古代陆源沉积、大陆玄武岩、壳源花岗岩组成的角闪岩相变质岩系,类似于喜马拉雅结晶杂岩、念青唐古拉群和聂拉木群相当。基底岩石在岩石建造、构造热事件和沉积盖层等方面与冈瓦纳大陆有亲缘关系。变质基底组成部分大部分被元古代晚期—早古生代低级变质陆源沉积物所覆盖,如南部公养河群。单颗粒错石U-Pb同位素稀释法定年结果表明,在保山地块南部出露有早古生代花岗岩,年龄范围大致在490~470 Ma之间。这些花岗岩初始。εNd值为-8.4~-9.3之间,亏损地幔钕同位素模式年龄为1.9~-1.7 Ga。锆石铬同位素模式年龄集中在1.4 Ga,其初始εHf值变化范围为0~-10之间,平均-6左右。一些侵入于早古生代花岗岩的晚中生代花岗岩也发现早古生代年龄的继承锆石。早古生代岩浆岩也曾在特提斯带内有报道,如Sibumasu和Indochina地块之间的Nan-Uttaradit缝合带内晚古生代混杂岩内的花岗岩滚石。这一早古生代岩浆作用可能暗示特提斯构造带东段和西段,如Alpine造山带甚至包括欧洲华力西造山带基底,在早古生代期间有相似的演化历史和属性,均源于冈瓦纳大陆北缘,可能先后从冈瓦纳大陆漂离,最终与位于北部的泛大陆拼合。  相似文献   

9.
西金乌兰晚二叠-早三叠世石英砂岩及其大地构造意义   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
边千韬  沙金庚 《地质科学》1993,28(4):327-335
在西金乌兰发现一套晚二叠一早三叠世的石英砂岩和底砾岩,不整合于晚古生代。蛇绿混杂岩之上。沉积构造、结构、成分和粒度分析结果证明这套石英砂岩为海滩亚相石英砂岩;其物源区大地构造背景为克拉通内陆块,沉积环境为稳定陆块边缘,类似被动大陆边缘。表明本区古特提斯洋于早二叠世末一晚二叠世初基本闭合后,在晚二叠一早三叠世处于相对稳定阶段。  相似文献   

10.
滇西古特提斯多岛洋的结构及其南北延伸   总被引:42,自引:3,他引:39  
在深化滇西古特提斯构造古地理格局研究基础上 ,提出了区分多岛洋与多岛海的时、空尺度标准。根据藏北羌塘、泰国北部与滇西古特提斯沉积地质学的比较研究 ,论证了滇西昌宁—孟连带北延连接冈玛错缝合带 ,南延与泰国北部隐蔽缝合带相接。泰国东北部著名的难河—程逸缝合带北延很可能潜伏于思茅盆地中新生代红层之下 ,因此古特提斯阶段并不存在稳定的“思茅地块”。泰国西北部湄萨良带存在洋盆硅质岩、海山碳酸盐岩和被动陆缘碎屑岩的构造混杂沉积组合 ,原属“泥盆系”的硅质岩中已发现早石炭世和晚三叠世卡尼期放射虫动物群 ,启示了古特提斯东段存在双子星座式主支洋盆的构造古地理格局。湄萨良带北延最可能与保山地块、腾冲地块之间的潞西三台山蛇绿混杂带相连。滇西北地区原属晚三叠世哈工组内侏罗纪放射虫化石的发现等 ,启示了青藏高原三江带在古、新特提斯转折期古地理演化的复杂性  相似文献   

11.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

14.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。  相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

20.
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.  相似文献   

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