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1.
豆荚状铬铁矿是十分重要的战略资源,目前学者对它们的成因尚未形成统一的认识。先前的研究主要从岩石学、地球化学和地质年代学等方面对铬铁矿的成因进行了约束,但对铬铁矿包裹体类型及其反映的地质过程还缺乏系统的总结和研究。通过对不同岩体的铬铁矿中矿物包裹体进行详细的研究,发现铬铁矿中含有丰富的矿物包裹体,分为5大类：(1)无水硅酸盐类矿物包裹体,包括橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石等;(2)含水矿物,包括角闪石、绿泥石、蛇纹石等;(3)含铂族元素矿物和硫化物,包括Os-Ir合金、Pt-Fe合金、自然Os和自然Ir,以及黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿等;(4)壳源矿物,包括锆石、金红石、石英、钙铬榴石等;(5)异常矿物,包括金刚石、碳硅石、柯石英等超高压矿物,以及自然镍、自然铬、自然铁和自然钛等。通过对比研究,确定它们形成于不同期次,进而初步拟定豆荚状铬铁矿形成过程存在4个阶段,分别为地幔深部的地幔柱/地幔对流、大洋岩石圈中地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融/岩浆结晶分异、俯冲带环境中的岩石-熔体反应和后期的热液蚀变/流体改造。认为铬铁矿中矿物包裹体记录了铬铁矿成矿各个时期的环境条件,针对铬铁矿中包裹体的详细研究可以更加准... 相似文献
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西藏蛇绿岩地幔中的主要自然金属矿物 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎蛇绿岩块的豆荚状铬铁矿床中 ,揭示出一个由 70～ 80种矿物组成的地幔矿物群 ,包括自然金属、合金、硫 (砷 )化物、氧化物和硅酸盐等。这些矿物呈包裹体或脉石产于铬铁矿石中 ,经人工重砂分析 ,自然元素矿物有自然硅、自然铁、自然锌、自然铅、自然铝、自然铬、自然锡、自然镍、自然钨、自然钛、自然锇、自然铱、自然钌、自然钯、石墨、金刚石、自然金和自然银等。文中选择一些自然元素矿物 ,探索这些地幔矿物特点以及蛇绿岩和铬铁矿的形成机制。根据共生矿物群以及罗布莎地幔橄榄岩为新鲜的未蛇纹石化的岩石 ,认为罗布莎自然元素矿物与蛇纹石化作用无关。它们可能是在地核形成时期滞留于地幔中的成核物质 ,抑或是核幔之间化学反应的产物 ,后来被铬铁矿矿浆捕获 ,并同铬铁矿一起由地幔柱作用和板块作用侵位于浅部并仰冲出露于地表。 相似文献
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西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿石中的合金成分 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
从西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿床中 ,揭示出包含 70～ 80种矿物的一个地幔矿物群 ,其中特别引人注意的是含有多种合金。本文报道了已发现的合金类型和它们的化学成分。这些合金矿物主要通过人工重砂选矿提取的 ,少数合金在矿石光片中可以见到。本文报道的部分合金系有 :Ni(Fe) - C- Cr系 ,W-Cr- Co系 ,Al- Fe- L a系 ,Fe- Si- Ti系 ,Ag- Sn- Si系 ,Ni- Ir- Fe系 ,Fe- Pd- Pt系 ,Fe- Ni- C系。这些碳化物、金属硅以及铁合金等表明它们形成于还原环境 ,然而主岩铬铁矿石则形成于氧化环境 ,认为罗布莎铬铁矿是从玻安质岩浆中结晶的。这样合金矿物可能是外来晶体 ;或者它们形成于地核被后来上升的地幔柱带到浅部 ,包在铬铁矿中 ;或者是滞留在地幔中的成核物质后来被铬铁矿捕获。 相似文献
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西藏罗布莎铁族元素金属互化物矿物及其成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对西藏罗布莎铬铁矿中的铁族元素金属及金属互化物矿物进行了X射线衍射测定,结果显示其归属于镍纹石、自然铁、钴铁矿及铁镍矿4种矿物。它们与超高压矿物方铁矿、铂族元素矿物等连生,形成于深部的高还原环境,矿物的化学成分与地核十分相近,故认为它们可能来自于地幔及地核。 相似文献
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铂族元素矿物共生组合(英文) 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
由于铂族元素能有效地降低汽车尾气的污染 ,其需求量日益增加 ,对铂族元素矿床的寻找已是当务之急。着重从矿物矿床学角度对铂族元素的矿物共生特点进行了探讨。铂族元素可呈独立矿床产出 ,主要产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中。铂族元素也伴生于铜镍矿床中 ,该类铜镍矿床主要与苏长岩侵入体、溢流玄武岩及科马提岩有关。产于基性超基性层状侵入体中的铂族矿物有铂钯硫化物、铂铁合金、钌硫化物、铑硫化物、铂钯碲化物、钯砷化物及钯的合金。这些铂族矿物可与硫化物矿物共生 ,也可与硅酸盐矿物共生 ,还可与铬铁矿及其他氧化物矿物共生。产于蛇绿岩套中的铂族矿物主要是钌铱锇的矿物 ,而铂钯铑的矿物则较少出现 ,这些铂族矿物可呈合金、硫化物、硫砷化物以及砷化物 4种形式出现。产于阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物主要有铂铁合金、锑铂矿、硫铂矿、砷铂矿、硫锇矿及马兰矿等少数几种 ,其中铂铁合金与铬铁矿及与其同时结晶的高温硅酸盐矿物共生 ,而其他的铂族矿物则与后来的变质作用及蛇纹岩化作用中形成的多金属硫化物及砷化物共生。产于铜镍矿床中的铂族矿物主要是铂和钯的矿物。产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物的共同特点是它们均与铬铁矿? 相似文献
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豆荚状铬铁矿是铬的主要来源,是中国的紧缺矿种,因此,寻找一批大型铬铁矿矿床已成为解决我国对铬铁矿长期依赖进口的途经.然而对于豆荚状铬铁矿的成因,一直以来都有较大分歧.豆荚状铬铁矿及其围岩地幔橄榄岩中大量异常地幔矿物的发现,引起了各国地质学家对豆荚状铬铁矿成因的新一轮思考.本文着重讨论近年来国内外学者对豆荚状铬铁矿研究的最新成果和进展,包括豆荚状铬铁矿的形态特征、产出规律、矿物化学、铂族元素(PGE)的分布模式,铬铁矿矿石中出现的超高压矿物,以及围岩地幔橄榄岩的演化过程等等.豆荚状铬铁矿中的铬来源于两种辉石的不一致熔融与副矿物铬尖晶石,其形成环境可能在下地幔或者是过渡带的位置.豆荚状中含铂族元素矿物呈包裹体状和裂隙状分布,铂族元素含量与铬铁矿形成过程中的S饱和程度有关,具有多期性的特征.进而初步地拟定了豆荚状铬铁矿形成过程存在四个阶段,分别为铬的来源阶段、铬尖晶石及超高压矿物的结晶阶段、铬铁矿的成矿阶段、铬铁矿的就位阶段,而每一阶段的特征还需进一步细化与翔实,并且需要对不同岩体不同产出的豆荚状铬铁矿矿床进行详细的对比研究. 相似文献
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铂族元素矿物(Platinum Group Mineral:简称PGM)资料的不断积累,丰富了人们对蛇绿岩中豆荚状铬铁矿成因的认识。文章总结近年来有关PGM的新资料和取得的新认识,探讨豆荚状铬铁矿以及其中PGM的成因问题。幔源岩浆结晶过程中,铬铁矿周边熔体减少将诱发那些易氧化的铂族元素(Os、Ir、Ru)在熔体中达到饱和状态,并结晶形成纳米级PGM。在地幔熔体中,随着硫逸度升高,PGM微粒与熔体中的硫反应并逐渐长大。多期次的熔体抽提和熔体-岩石反应事件,可以在地幔源区通过逐步降低硫逸度、促进含铂族元素的贱金属硫化物分解,形成PGM以及铂族元素合金。低硫逸度环境更有利于PGM的形成和保存。在变质环境或流体环境中,这些PGM往往会与流体反应,造就了PGM矿物的多样性。原生PGM与变质流体反应并发生原地去硫化作用,可以形成次生的PGM环边或者纳米级PGM包体。铬铁矿的多阶段蚀变/再平衡过程可以导致PGM溶解—沉淀—均一化,并扰动Os同位素体系。不同类型矿石在有限空间伴生的现象以及它们所具有显著差异的地球化学特征,说明蛇绿岩是不同地幔组分的机械混杂。随着俯冲板片,铬铁矿团块被拖曳到地幔深部,并通过地幔对流重新出现在扩张中心附近,最终混杂在蛇绿岩中。发生循环的铬铁矿团块因此可以与新生铬铁矿及其围岩伴生在同一蛇绿混杂岩中。 相似文献
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通过能谱和电子探针分析了西藏罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿石刚玉中的含钛合金和含钛氧化物包裹体特征,分析发现刚玉中含Ti合金矿物包裹体主要有Ti-N、Ti-B、Ti-C、Ti-Si-P和Ti-Si-Fe以及Ti-Al-Zr氧化物.Ti-N合金呈磨圆状、梅花状,粒度约17 μm×35 μm;Ti-B合金呈长柱状,10 μm×58 μm;Ti-C合金呈自形、他形,粒度约40 μm×50 μm;Ti-Si-P和Ti-Si-Fe合金成分不均一,呈一个熔融体包裹在刚玉中;Ti-Al-Zr氧化物成分纯净.结合铬铁矿石中发现大量的微粒金刚石和碳硅石等超高压异常地幔矿物,提出罗布莎铬铁矿石中的刚玉及其中的特殊矿物包裹体组合形成于高压环境的深部地幔. 相似文献
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西藏康金拉铬铁矿床刚玉中的包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西藏康金拉铬铁矿石的矿物学研究中,发现大量的微粒金刚石和碳硅石等超高压异常地幔矿物,表明它们产在一个强还原的高压环境.本研究在铬铁矿石中还发现了刚玉及其中大量的矿物包裹体.电子探针等方法研究表明,包裹体的种类包括简单氧化物,如金红石;自然钛;Ti-N、Ti-Si、Ti-C、Ti-Si-P、Ti-B等合金类;含稀土元素的硅酸盐矿物,以及一些未知矿物.结合对铬铁矿石中其他矿物的研究成果,认为康金拉铬铁矿石中的刚玉及其中的强还原环境形成的矿物组合形成于深部地幔.因此,康金拉铬铁矿石中的刚玉可以认为是一种新的带有高压环境信息的标志性矿物. 相似文献
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在萨尔托海高铝型铬铁矿中发现20余种矿物,包括金刚石、单质铬、自然铁和单质硅等自然元素类;碳化物碳硅石;铁镍、铁镍铬合金等金属合金;方铁矿、金红石、赤铁矿、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、石英和铬尖晶石等氧化物类;方铅矿、闪锌矿、针镍矿、赫硫镍矿和毒砂等硫化物类;镁橄榄石、顽火辉石、透辉石、蛇纹石、锆石和长石等硅酸岩类。这些超高压、强还原性和壳源矿物与俄罗斯极地乌拉尔以及西藏罗布莎铬铁矿可以对比,暗示萨尔托海高铝铬铁矿和高铬铬铁矿一样,可能存在深部地幔成矿阶段。深部地幔矿物以及浅部壳源矿物的发现,暗示萨尔托海铬铁矿的形成可能经历了深部地幔预富集和浅部再造富集成矿两个阶段。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献