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1.
苏鲁超高压变质带广泛发育新元古代花岗片麻岩，这些新元古代花岗片麻岩通常被认为与扬子克拉通具有亲缘性。本文基于新的调查资料，综合前人研究成果，提出新元古代花岗岩是华北克拉通新元古代时期大陆裂解产物、并在三叠纪华南与华北碰撞造山期间作为华北板块大陆边缘南向深俯冲的新认识。主要依据如下：① 新元古代花岗岩与华北克拉通胶北地块为侵入接触关系，五莲- 即墨- 牟平断裂带并非北苏鲁超高压变质带与胶北地块的初始接触界线；② 新元古代花岗片麻岩中有大量胶北地块的古老地壳物质，记录了～1. 85 Ga的华北克拉通化变质事件；③ 胶北地块上晚侏罗世花岗岩中存在大量新元古代继承锆石，但缺少三叠纪的弧岩浆记录；④ 胶北地块东南缘存在三叠纪角闪岩相变质作用证据，指示胶北地块三叠纪的俯冲作用；⑤ 区域地球物理信息指示北苏鲁超高压变质带深部地壳属于华北克拉通和北东东向构造线方向。新的认识将有助于对华北克拉通新元古代构造演化和大别- 苏鲁造山带形成过程的重新认识，为胶东中生代金成矿作用提供新视野。 相似文献
2.
分布在华北克拉通北缘中段崇礼—赤城地区的红旗营子(岩)群主要由变质表壳岩、晚古生代的闪长质—石英闪长质片麻岩和古元古代—新太古代的变质岩残片或残块组成。利用SHRIMP和LA-ICPMS法对红旗营子(岩)群变质表壳岩的锆石同位素年代学研究表明,变质表壳岩样品中除大量古元古代—新太古代的锆石年龄信息外,还有许多中元古代—晚古生代的锆石,且均有晚古生代甚至早中生代的多阶段变质作用的记录。这些证据表明红旗营子(岩)群并非早前寒武纪岩石建造,而是一套晚古生代的变质杂岩。红旗营子(岩)群周围侵入体的锆石U-Pb测年表明岩浆作用与变质作用具有较好的相关性,它们与中亚造山带多阶段的俯冲、碰撞造山和后造山伸展事件相关。由于红旗营子杂岩中含有晚古生代退变榴辉岩和变质方辉橄榄岩,这可能意味着华北克拉通北缘的冀北地块在晚古生代早期曾经从华北克拉通上裂开,在中亚造山带古亚洲洋板块俯冲作用的影响下又重新拼合,红旗营子杂岩代表华北克拉通北缘的冀北地块与华北克拉通在晚古生代重新拼合的俯冲碰撞拼贴带。 相似文献
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原特提斯洋的俯冲、增生及闭合:阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘造山系早古生代增生/碰撞造山作用 总被引：20，自引：18，他引：2
分布在青藏高原北缘的阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘早古生代造山系被认为是原特提斯构造域最北部的构造拼合体。与其北侧具有长期增生历史的中亚造山系相比,特提斯造山拼合体被认为是各种来自冈瓦纳大陆北部大陆块体相互碰撞的产物。然而,与典型的阿尔卑斯和喜马拉雅碰撞造山带相比,阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘早古生代造山系包括有大量蛇绿岩、弧岩浆杂岩、俯冲-增生杂岩等,因此一些学者认为青藏高原北部的早古生代造山系为沿塔里木和华北克拉通边界向南逐渐增生的增生型造山带。但是,增生造山模式又很难解释南阿尔金-柴北缘地区普遍存在的与大陆俯冲有关的UHP变质岩、广泛分布的巴罗式变质作用和相关的岩浆作用,以及与碰撞造山有关的变形构造等。在本文中,通过对已有研究资料的综合总结,结合一些新的研究资料,我们提出在青藏高原东北缘的阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘造山系中,早古生代时期存在两种不同类型的造山作用,即增生和碰撞造山作用,其主要标志是北祁连-北阿尔金的HP/LT变质带、蛇绿混杂岩及与洋壳俯冲有关的构造岩浆作用,以及分布在柴北缘-南阿尔金与大陆俯冲和陆陆碰撞有关的UHP变质带、区域巴罗式变质作用、深熔作用、相关的岩浆活动及伸展垮塌作用等,并建立了一个反映原特提斯洋俯冲、增生、闭合及碰撞造山作用的构造模式。 相似文献
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中央造山带早古生代地体构架与高压/超高压变质带的形成 总被引：57，自引：2，他引：57
位于北中国板块群与南中国板块群之间的中央造山带是中国大陆一条十分醒目而又极其重要的巨型(长达5000km)构造带。中央造山带是经历了大致600Ma的活动历史,和泥盆纪、三叠纪的两次主要碰撞造山以及白垩纪以来的陆内造山过程而构筑成的典型的“复合造山带”。特别是巨型中央超高压变质带及其两期超高压变质作用的发现,揭示了中央造山带的形成还经历了板块会聚边界洋壳/陆壳深俯冲的两次壮观地质事件。位于中央造山带北部的“北中央早古生代造山带”具有“多地体、多岛弧”的地体构架和“多俯冲和多碰撞造山”的动力学作用。研究认为北中央早古生代多地体/岛弧群是冈瓦纳超大陆西侧(或西北侧)陆块/岛弧群的组成部分,其主要的证据是:1北中央寒武系—志留系的过渡性动物群性质反映早古生代古生物区系与始特提斯洋盆海水相通的古地理环境;2北中央诸多蛇绿岩带形成时代>500~540Ma(新元古代-奥陶纪)可作为始特提斯洋盆扩张时限的印证;3多岛弧带为北中央早古生代地体的陆缘增生带,形成于540~450Ma,岛弧带形成自南(外)而北(里)渐新的趋势表明与始特提斯洋盆相连接的弧前小洋盆逐级俯冲的特征;4北中央早古生代多地体/岛弧群的“弧/陆碰撞”及早古生代造山带的形成是中晚泥盆世(420Ma)冈瓦纳超大陆边部古特提斯洋盆初始扩张的产物。研究表明在500~440Ma形成的柴北缘-南阿尔金超高压变质带与始特提斯弧前小洋盆的俯冲继而地体陆壳的深俯冲有关。 相似文献
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早古生代原特提斯洋在祁连造山带的分支本文称为古祁连洋。其洋内及邻区存在中祁连、阿拉善、柴达木、华北、扬子、塔里木等多个陆块、微陆块,处在一个复杂的多岛洋的环境中。祁连地区早古生代经历了较为复杂的俯冲拼合、碰撞造山过程。本文探讨了祁连造山带的几个构造单元构造属性,认为早古生代阿拉善微陆块南缘为被动大陆边缘,中祁连北缘为活动大陆边缘。阿拉善南部与之平行的龙首山构造单元为俯冲造山形成的增生楔体;北祁连构造带为一套俯冲增生杂岩,包含高压变质岩带、蛇绿岩带、岛弧岩浆和部分洋壳残片等,记录了古祁连洋壳从大陆裂解,洋壳形成,俯冲拼合,碰撞造山的造山过程。495Ma左右南祁连南部柴达木微陆块向北俯冲的影响,古祁连洋壳俯冲受阻,俯冲带向北后退,形成大岔大坂岛弧。弧前地区发生洋-洋俯冲事件,堆积增生大岔大坂、白泉门、九个泉等SSZ型北祁连蛇绿岩北带,并伴随第二期清水沟、牛心山、野牛滩等地岩浆事件。460Ma左右阿拉善微陆块和中祁连微陆块开始碰撞拼合,古祁连洋开始闭合。值得注意的是拼合过程不是均一的,存在自西向东斜向"剪刀式"的拼合方式,产生了由西向东年代变新的"S"型同碰撞岩浆岩。约440Ma古祁连洋闭合,进入陆内造山阶段。440Ma之后,拼合陆块处在一种拉伸的构造环境之下,金佛寺、牛心山、老虎山等地产生碰撞后岩浆岩。422~406Ma发生俯冲折返、高压榴辉岩和高压低温蓝片岩退变质作用,形成以紧闭不对褶皱为特征的第二幕变形。根据各陆块、微陆块碎屑锆石年龄谱分析对比,中祁连基底应与华北不同,而可能与扬子有关。Rodinia超大陆聚合之前,中祁连微陆块作为一个独立的微陆块与华北、扬子保持一定距离。1.0~0.8Ga Rodinia超大陆聚合过程中祁连微陆块与冈瓦纳北缘拼贴在一起,而距华北较远。随着Rodinia超大陆裂解,中祁连微陆块远离冈瓦纳,逐渐向华北靠近,500~400Ma原特提斯洋闭合,华北、阿拉善与中祁连拼合,并整体拼合到冈瓦纳大陆北缘。 相似文献
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东亚原特提斯洋(Ⅰ):南北边界和俯冲极性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
原特提斯洋是从新元古代Rodinia裂解到早古生代发育于滇缅泰/保山微陆块以北、塔里木-华北陆块以南的一个复杂成因的洋盆。长期以来对原特提斯洋的南、北边界及其早古生代末俯冲极性还存在争论,而这是恢复重建Pangea超大陆聚合前构造背景的关键。本文综合利用野外地质、构造、岩浆、沉积学、地球化学、构造年代学和层析成像等最新成果,以期界定原特提斯域的南、北边界位置,确定原特提斯洋边界俯冲极性。集成分析结果表明,北界为古洛南-栾川缝合线(或宽坪缝合线)及其直至西昆仑的西延部分;南界为龙木措-双湖-昌宁-孟连缝合线。原特提斯洋北部在华北-阿拉善-塔里木陆块泥盆纪向南俯冲并与冈瓦纳大陆北缘拼合过程中,形成了一个巨型弯山构造,现保存在祁连-阿尔金-柴达木地区的中国中央造山带内。原特提斯洋南部分支也可能在泥盆纪闭合,使得包括羌北、若尔盖、扬子、华夏、布列亚-佳木斯等在内的大华南陆块、印支陆块等也向南俯冲与冈瓦纳北缘发生了聚合。 相似文献
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柴北缘超高压变质带作为中国西部深俯冲的一个研究热点,对其变质泥质岩的碎屑锆石年龄研究对了解此区内深俯冲大陆的前寒武纪演化历史,及与华北克拉通及华南克拉通的亲缘性讨论具有重要意义。本文选取柴北缘超高压变质带中绿梁山和都兰的变质泥质岩,筛选锆石利用LA-ICP-MS进行定年并讨论其地质意义。实验结果表明碎屑锆石年龄分为三个组别集中,分别是1100Ma、1000~800Ma和800~500Ma,并分别代表了古老的结晶基底、与Rodinia超大陆相关的碰撞和裂解事件以及古祁连洋的演化。板块亲缘性分析表明柴达木-祁连地区可能与扬子克拉通西缘具有亲缘性,可能作为扬子克拉通西缘的延伸而与扬子克拉通相连。通过结合碎屑锆石数据及板块亲缘性分析并对比现今西太平洋边缘的演化模式,本文提出了一个在早古生代北祁连为主动大陆边缘,柴北缘为被动大陆边缘;在祁连地体北侧的古祁连洋闭合后柴北缘转变为主动大陆边缘的构造演化模式。 相似文献
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青藏高原南部拉萨地体的变质作用与动力学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
拉萨地体位于欧亚板块的最南缘,它在新生代与印度大陆的碰撞形成了青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。因此,拉萨地体是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键之一。拉萨地体中的中、高级变质岩以前被认为是拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底。但新近的研究表明,拉萨地体经历了多期和不同类型的变质作用,包括在洋壳俯冲构造体制下发生的新元古代和晚古生代高压变质作用,在陆-陆碰撞环境下发生的早古生代和早中生代中压型变质作用,在洋中脊俯冲过程中发生的晚白垩纪高温/中压变质作用,以及在大陆俯冲带上盘加厚大陆地壳深部发生的两期新生代中压型变质作用。这些变质作用和伴生的岩浆作用表明,拉萨地体经历了从新元古代至新生代的复杂演化过程。(1)北拉萨地体的结晶基底包括新元古代的洋壳岩石,它们很可能是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中形成的莫桑比克洋的残余。(2)随着莫桑比克洋的俯冲和东、西冈瓦纳大陆的汇聚,拉萨地体洋壳基底经历了晚新元古代的(～650Ma)的高压变质作用和早古代的(～485Ma)中压型变质作用。这很可能表明北拉萨地体起源于东非造山带的北端。(3)在古特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体和羌塘地体经历了中古生代的(～360Ma)岩浆作用。(4)古特提斯洋盆的闭合和南、北拉萨地体的碰撞,导致了晚二叠纪(～260Ma)高压变质带和三叠纪(～220Ma)中压变质带的形成。(5)在新特提斯洋中脊向北的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体经历了晚白垩纪(～90Ma)安第斯型造山作用,形成了高温/中压型变质带和高温的紫苏花岗岩。(6)在早新生代(55～45Ma),印度与欧亚板块的碰撞,导致拉萨地体地壳加厚,形成了中压角闪岩相变质作用和同碰撞岩浆作用。(7)在晚始新世(40～30Ma),随着大陆的继续汇聚,南拉萨地体经历了另一期角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用和深熔作用。拉萨地体的构造演化过程是研究汇聚板块边缘变质作用与动力学的最佳实例。 相似文献
9.
浅变质岩在示踪大别—苏鲁造山带大陆板块俯冲与折返过程中的意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国大别-苏鲁造山带为大陆板块俯冲形成的碰撞造山带,该带北缘和内部产有原岩时代为新元古代-晚古生代的浅变质岩。这些浅变质岩对应于扬子板块北缘前寒武变质基底和扬子板块北缘古生代大陆架沉积物,形成过程于印支期扬子板块向北俯冲过程中的刮削作用密切相关,与大洋板块俯冲过程中刮削形成的加积楔具有类似的动力学过程。对大别-苏鲁造山带浅变质岩的深入研究,不仅有助于揭示大陆板块俯冲过程中高压-超高压岩石形成与折返过程,而且确定了扬子板块与华北板块之间的缝合线位置位于大别造山带北淮阳带的北部和苏鲁造山带的五莲-蓬莱群的北侧。 相似文献
10.
华北克拉通构造演化 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
华北克拉通是中国大陆的主要构造单元，从早期到中生代以来的地质记录较完整，受到国际关注，是大陆形成和演化研究的天然实验室。华北克拉通的构造演化可以分为八个大的阶段:陆核形成阶段；陆壳巨量生长阶段；微陆块拼合与克拉通化；古元古代大氧化事件与地球环境剧变；古元古代活动带构造与高级麻粒岩相变质作用；中-新元古代多期裂谷与地球中年调整期；古生代边缘造山；中生代构造转折与去克拉通化。华北克拉通的大陆演化显示了地球的进化和不可逆过程，特别是热体制的演变。早期陆核的成因仍存在争议，但是陆壳由小到大、多阶段生长的过程是明确的。25亿年前后的克拉通化是最具显示度的地质事件，微陆块的拼合是大陆聚合和形成稳定克拉通的主要过程，已经被揭示。但是由绿岩带-高级区构成的穹隆-龙骨构造并不遵从板块构造的基本构造样式。经历了太古宙与元古宙分界时期的"静寂期"之后，华北克拉通记录了与全球休伦冰期以及大氧化事件相关的地质活动。古元古代活动带则记录了裂谷-俯冲-碰撞的过程，具有显生宙造山带的某些特征，伴有高级麻粒岩岩相的变质作用，暗示了早期板块构造的出现。从约18~8亿年长达十亿年或更长的时限里，华北克拉通一直处于伸展环境，发育多期裂谷，有多期陆内岩浆活动，是岩石圈结构和下地壳组成的关键调整期。从古生代起，华北的南、北缘都经历了现代板块构造意义的造山事件，显示了华北克拉通古陆通过古蒙古洋和古秦岭洋与相邻陆块之间的构造活动，分别称为兴蒙造山带和秦岭-大别造山带。中生代的华北克拉通出现构造体制的转折和地壳活化，表现为岩石圈减薄和大量壳熔花岗岩的出现。古太平洋板块的活动显然是重要因素之一，但周边其它陆块的作用也是重要的，克拉通破坏机制及其内涵的研究还有进一步深化的空间。华北克拉通的构造演化有其特点，也具有全球意义。 相似文献
11.
《China Geology》2018,1(1):137-157
The development of metamorphic petrology to metamorphic geology in China has a long history. Ancient basement metamorphic rocks are distributed primarily in the North China Craton, the Yangtze Block and Tarim Craton. They are mainly made up of plutonic gneiss and metamorphosed supercrust rock, transformed to granulite facies through Archean Paleoproterozoic. Many of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks have undergone high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism with a clockwise metamorphic evolution path. The ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulites from the Late Paleoproterozoic are found in North China Craton. Many high-precision chronological data have allowed preliminary construction of the formation and evolutionary framework of different metamorphic basements. Primarily there are low-temperature and high-pressure blue schist, high-temperature and high-pressure granulite and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogite facies metamorphic rocks in the Phanerozoic orogenic belt. The discovery of eclogite in the Sulu orogen and a large quantity of coesite in its country rocks show that there was a deep subduction of voluminous continental materials during the collision process between the Yangtze block and the North China Craton in the Early Mesozoic phase. From the studies of, for instance, organic matter vitrinite reflectance, illite crystallinity, illite (muscovite) polytype and illite (muscovite) b dimension, the Late Paleozoic strata in the eastern region of Inner Mongolia and the north-central region of NE China have only experienced diagenesis to an extremely low-grade metamorphism. The discovery of impact-metamorphosed rocks in Xiuyan area of Liaoning province has enriched the type and category of metamorphic rocks in China. The phase equilibrium method has been widely used in the study of metamorphism of middle and high-grade metamorphic rocks. On the basis of existing geologic surveys and monographic study results, different scholars have respectively compiled 1:1500000 Metamorphic Geological Map and Specifications of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its Adjacent Areas, 1:2500000 Metamorphic Tectonic Map of China, and the 1:5000000 Metamorphic Geological Map and Specifications of China, among others repectively, which have systematically summarized the research results of metamorphic petrology and metamorphic geology in China. 相似文献
12.
华北克拉通中部造山带早前寒武纪变质演化历史评述 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据变质作用程度不同,华北中部造山带早前寒武纪基底可以进一步分为高级区和花岗-绿岩带。前者变质程度可达高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相,包括太华、吕梁、阜平、恒山、怀安、宣化等杂岩,花岗-绿岩带的变质程度较低,多为绿片岩相-角闪岩相,包括登封、赞皇、五台等杂岩。已有变质演化研究表明,高级区恒山、怀安和宣化杂岩中的麻粒岩和(或)退变榴辉岩记录的峰期变质压力最高,恒山杂岩、阜平杂岩和宣化杂岩中的麻粒岩记录的峰期变质温度最高;花岗-绿岩带中的赞皇杂岩和五台杂岩出露高压斜长角闪岩和高压变泥质岩。中部带各变质杂岩中可识别出早期进变质、峰期、峰后快速降压和晚期冷却等变质阶段,拥有顺时针近等温降压型的变质作用P-T轨迹,与华北克拉通中部的俯冲碰撞有关。大量变质年代学数据显示,中部带各变质杂岩中至少记录了~1.85Ga、~1.95Ga和~2.5Ga三组变质年龄,其中,~1.85Ga的变质年龄占据了主导地位,大致与区域片麻理形成的时间一致,代表变质高峰期时代;~1.95Ga的变质年龄代表了峰期前的某个进变质片段;~2.5Ga的变质年龄则指示了更早一期的变质事件,推测与古老陆块~2.5Ga所遭受的大量幔源岩浆的侵入和底垫作用有关。然而,变质年龄与变质阶段的对应关系尚不明确。 相似文献
13.
华北克拉通及邻区晚中生代伸展构造及其动力学背景的讨论 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
欧亚大陆东部晚中生代伸展构造十分显著,表现为大量发育的变质核杂岩、同构造岩浆岩、韧性拆离断层带等伸展成因的穹隆和地堑-半地堑盆地.通过对这些伸展构造进行系统分析、归纳和总结,将欧亚大陆东部晚中生代伸展构造发育区划分为:泛贝加尔-鄂霍次克带、华北西部带、华北东部带、华北南缘及秦岭-大别带和华南内陆带.这些伸展构造记录了大区域上的NW-SE方向伸展,构成了全球最大的陆壳伸展地区.这些伸展构造使地壳深部的岩石沿拆离断层折返至地表,从而使中下地壳结构发生了强烈的改造.除华北东部带给出了一个较为宽泛的伸展时段外,各个研究区所涉及的伸展穹隆及其相关的拆离断层所表现的伸展峰期时间均十分相近:位于130 ～ 126Ma之间.岩石圈根部的拆沉可能是这个巨型伸展构造带形成的动力学机制.这个模型为探讨华北克拉通破坏和减薄的时限、机制、模式及深部动力学背景提供直接的构造证据. 相似文献
14.
Metamorphic and tectonic domains of China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
DONG SHENBAO 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(4):465-481
Abstract Ten metamorphic domains can be distinguished in China, comprising four cratonic, three intracratonic and three intercratonic domains. Each domain contains one or more metamorphic belts, each of which, in turn, contains a characteristic metamorphic facies or facies series that was formed during a distinct metamorphic epoch.
The metamorphic domains reflect the tectonic domains and tectonic evolution of China. Ancient continental nucleii in the North China and Tarim–Alxa cratons were probably unified with the Yangtze craton during the Early Proterozoic to form the China Platform. Widespread greenschist facies metamorphism, during the Middle and Late Proterozoic, accompanied by glaucophane–greenschist facies metamorphism, represents a rifting and closure event in the China Platform; a second rifting and closure event in the China Platform occurred during the Caledonian. The China and Siberian platforms were closed during the Hercynian to form the Eurasian Continent. Closure of the ancient Tethys Ocean occurred in the Indosinian epoch, and subduction and collision within Xizang (Tibet) and Taiwan occurred during Mesozoic–Cenozoic time.
The distribution in time of types of metamorphism in China suggests cyclical changes of metamorphism known as the Archaean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic megacycles. Each megacycle since the Archaean consists of a change from progressive, low- to intermediate-grade metamorphism to lower grade, greenschist metamorphism that was superimposed on a general trend in which high-grade metamorphism became progressively less important with time. The change in metamorphic megacycles shows a general secular decrease in regional heat supply during metamorphism punctuated by episodic high-grade, progressive metamorphism within orogenic belts. 相似文献
The metamorphic domains reflect the tectonic domains and tectonic evolution of China. Ancient continental nucleii in the North China and Tarim–Alxa cratons were probably unified with the Yangtze craton during the Early Proterozoic to form the China Platform. Widespread greenschist facies metamorphism, during the Middle and Late Proterozoic, accompanied by glaucophane–greenschist facies metamorphism, represents a rifting and closure event in the China Platform; a second rifting and closure event in the China Platform occurred during the Caledonian. The China and Siberian platforms were closed during the Hercynian to form the Eurasian Continent. Closure of the ancient Tethys Ocean occurred in the Indosinian epoch, and subduction and collision within Xizang (Tibet) and Taiwan occurred during Mesozoic–Cenozoic time.
The distribution in time of types of metamorphism in China suggests cyclical changes of metamorphism known as the Archaean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic megacycles. Each megacycle since the Archaean consists of a change from progressive, low- to intermediate-grade metamorphism to lower grade, greenschist metamorphism that was superimposed on a general trend in which high-grade metamorphism became progressively less important with time. The change in metamorphic megacycles shows a general secular decrease in regional heat supply during metamorphism punctuated by episodic high-grade, progressive metamorphism within orogenic belts. 相似文献
15.
华北克拉通基底主要构造单元变质作用演化及其若干问题讨论 总被引：77，自引：54，他引：23
华北克拉通基底可分为三个太古宙微陆块(东部陆块、阴山陆块和鄂尔多斯陆块)和三个早元古宙活动带(孔兹岩带、华北中部带和胶-辽-吉带).这些构造单元具有不同的变质作用时间和P-T演化特征.东部陆块和阴山陆块晚太古宙基底岩系的变质作用发生在～2.5Ga,变质演化以等压冷却(IBC)逆时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映变质作用的成因与大规模地幔岩浆底侵有关.孔兹岩带主期变质作用发生在～1.95Ga,变质演化以近等温减压(ITD)顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映阴山陆块与鄂尔多斯陆块碰撞形成西部陆块的热构造过程.华北中部带变质作用发生在～1.85Ga,变质演化同样以近等温减压(ITD)顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,反映了西部陆块和东部陆块最终碰撞形成统一的华北克拉通基底的构造过程.早元古宙胶-辽-吉带变质作用表现‘双变质带'特征:西北带的北辽河群、老岭群和粉子山群的变质作用以中压顺时针P-T轨迹为特征,而东南带的南辽河群、吉安群和荆山群的变质作用以低压逆时针P-T演化为特征.华北克拉通基底变质作用演化地质图能更好地反映上述不同构造单元的变质作用演化特征.尽管岩浆弧、大陆裂谷和地幔柱模式都能解释东部陆块晚太古宙基底变质作用所具有的近等压冷却(IBC)逆时针P-T演化特征,地幔柱模式能够更合理解释东部陆块所存在的宽达800千米而时代近于相同的晚太古代火成岩带、大量科马提质超镁铁质岩石和双峰式火山岩、广泛发育的穹窿构造等.华北克拉通变质基底中具有石榴石-单斜辉石-斜长石-石英组合的高压基性麻粒岩和具有蓝晶石-钾长石组合的高压泥质麻粒岩的出露只局限在早元古宙华北中部带的北段和胶-辽-吉带的南端;这些高压麻粒岩形成在俯冲和陆-陆碰撞的构造环境中.西部陆块孔兹岩带含假蓝宝石麻粒岩是碰撞后(～1.92Ga)拉伸引发地幔岩浆底侵导致局部地带发生超高温(UHT)变质作用的产物. 相似文献
16.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(1):170-189
The Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet is composed of Precambrian crystalline basement, Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary strata and Paleozoic to Cenozoic magmatic rocks. This terrane has long been accepted as the last crustal block to be accreted with Eurasia prior to its collision with the northward drifting Indian continent in the Cenozoic. Thus, the Lhasa terrane is the key for revealing the origin and evolutionary history of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen. Although previous models on the tectonic development of the orogen have much evidence from the Lhasa terrane, the metamorphic history of this terrane was rarely considered. This paper provides an overview of the temporal and spatial characteristics of metamorphism in the Lhasa terrane based mostly on the recent results from our group, and evaluates the geodynamic settings and tectonic significance. The Lhasa terrane experienced multistage metamorphism, including the Neoproterozoic and Late Paleozoic HP metamorphism in the oceanic subduction realm, the Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic MP metamorphism in the continent–continent collisional zone, the Late Cretaceous HT/MP metamorphism in the mid-oceanic ridge subduction zone, and two stages of Cenozoic MP metamorphism in the thickened crust above the continental subduction zone. These metamorphic and associated magmatic events reveal that the Lhasa terrane experienced a complex tectonic evolution from the Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic. The main conclusions arising from our synthesis are as follows: (1) The Lhasa block consists of the North and South Lhasa terranes, separated by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the subsequent Late Paleozoic suture zone. (2) The crystalline basement of the North Lhasa terrane includes Neoproterozoic oceanic crustal rocks, representing probably the remnants of the Mozambique Ocean derived from the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. (3) The oceanic crustal basement of North Lhasa witnessed a Late Cryogenian (~ 650 Ma) HP metamorphism and an Early Paleozoic (~ 485 Ma) MP metamorphism in the subduction realm associated with the closure of the Mozambique Ocean and the final amalgamation of Eastern and Western Gondwana, suggesting that the North Lhasa terrane might have been partly derived from the northern segment of the East African Orogen. (4) The northern margin of Indian continent, including the North and South Lhasa, and Qiangtang terranes, experienced Early Paleozoic magmatism, indicating an Andean-type orogeny that resulted from the subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean after the final amalgamation of Gondwana. (5) The Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes witnessed Middle Paleozoic (~ 360 Ma) magmatism, suggesting an Andean-type orogeny derived from the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. (6) The closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean between the North and South Lhasa terranes and subsequent terrane collision resulted in the formation of Late Permian (~ 260 Ma) HP metamorphic belt and Triassic (220 Ma) MP metamorphic belt. (7) The South Lhasa terrane experienced Late Cretaceous (~ 90 Ma) Andean-type orogeny, characterized by the regional HT/MP metamorphism and coeval intrusion of the voluminous Gangdese batholith during the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. (8) During the Early Cenozoic (55–45 Ma), the continent–continent collisional orogeny has led to the thickened crust of the South Lhasa terrane experiencing MP amphibolite-facies metamorphism and syn-collisional magmatism. (9) Following the continuous continent convergence, the South Lhasa terrane also experienced MP metamorphism during Late Eocene (40–30 Ma). (10) During Mesozoic and Cenozoic, two different stages of paired metamorphic belts were formed in the oceanic or continental subduction zones and the middle and lower crust of the hanging wall of the subduction zone. The tectonic imprints from the Lhasa terrane provide excellent examples for understanding metamorphic processes and geodynamics at convergent plate boundaries. 相似文献
17.
Kanfenggou UHP Metamorphic Fragment in Eastern Qinling Orogen and Its Relationship to Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts, Central China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
SuoShutian ZhongZengqiu ZhouHanwen YouZhendong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(2):95-102
In the Central Orogenic Belt, China, two UHP metamorphic belts are discriminated mainly based on a detailed structural analysis of the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment exposed in the eastern Qinling orogen, and together with previous regional structural, petrological and geochronological data at the scale of the orogenic domain. The first one corresponds to the South Altun-North QaidamNorth Qinling UHP metarnorphic belt. The other is the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts. The two UHP metamorphic belts are separated by a series of tectonic slices composed by the Qiniing rock group, Danfeng rock group and Liuling or Foziling rock group etc. respectively, and are different in age of the peak UHP metamorphism and geodynamic implications for continental deep subduction and collision. Regional field and petrological relationships suggest that the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment that contains a large volume of the coesite- and microdiamond-bearing eclogite lenses is compatible with the structures recognized in the South Altun and North Qaidam UHP metamorphic fragments exposed in the western part of China, thereby forming a large UHP metamorphic belt up to 1000 km long along the orogen strike. This UHP metamorphic belt represents an intercontinental deep subduction and collision belt between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons, occurred during the Paleozoic. On the other hand, the well-constrained Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts occurred mainly during Triassic time (250-220 Ma), and were produced by the intracontinental deep subduction and collision within the Yangtze craton. The Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment does not appear to link with the DabieSulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts along the orogen. There is no reason to assume the two UHP metamorphic belts as a single giant deep subduction and collision zone in the Central Orogenic Belt situated between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons. Therefore, any dynamic model for the orogen must ac-count for the development of UHP metarnorphic rocks belonging to the separate two tectonic belts of different age and tectono-metamorphic history. 相似文献
18.
桐柏-大别山区高压变质相的构造配置 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
作为华北和扬子陆块间的碰撞造山带桐柏大别山区以发育高压、超高压变质带为特征,从南到北变质相从低级到高级,代表俯冲带深度不同的变质产物,整体形成高压变质相系列。不过现今各变质相岩石的分布极受后期地壳规模的伸展构造控制,大别杂岩的穹隆作用更使高压变质相带的空间分布复杂化。超高压变质岩今日多呈大小不等的块体嵌布于相对低压的大别杂岩之内,造山带根部物质的热软化,使许多深层地幔物质得以像挤牙膏一样挤出于大别杂岩内。它们之中广泛发育着减压退变质的显微结构,与大别杂岩内一些麻粒岩相表壳岩所保存的减压退变质证迹一样,同是挤出作用和碰撞后隆升的构造证迹。高压相系的发育使南桐柏山和大别山迥然不同于桐商（ 商丹） 断裂以北的北秦岭北淮阳变质带。新近发表的同位素年代学（４０Ａｒ ３９ Ａｒ） 资料：３１６ ～４３４ Ｍａ ,已证明北秦岭是古生代变质带,它与桐柏－ 大别印支期碰撞造山带差异甚大。这两个变质地温梯度差异甚大的变质地体的拼合,说明华北和扬子陆块碰撞的主缝合带是商丹－ 桐商断裂带 相似文献