共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
郯庐断裂带南段桴槎山韧性剪切带糜棱岩的变形条件和组分迁移系 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
本文对郯庐断裂带南段主干断裂典型的韧性剪切带进行了系统的剖析。从糜棱岩塑性变形的亚颗粒化、动态重结晶和矿物成分特征及岩石组分迁移变化等入手进行系统的研究工作，计算了岩石形成的温度、压力和流动应力和流变速率参数；模拟计算了岩石在剪切变形作用下的体积亏损及组分迁移的量值，探讨了变形－变质及流体的相关关系 相似文献
2.
地震泵抽吸作用与油气运聚成藏物理模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震泵抽吸作用是在断裂活动开启过程中,引发流体进入断裂带,并发生垂向运移的作用方式。在裂隙递进扩张形成优势裂隙并进一步发展成大的断裂面的演化过程中,地震泵抽吸作用发生,围岩中的流体在相对负压抽吸作用下进到断裂带中,之后主要在构造应力和异常高孔隙流体压力的共同作用下向上运移,并向着邻近断裂的封闭程度差、体积大、物性好的储层中充注运移,运移效率远远高于达西流和扩散流。断裂周期性破裂活动的特征决定了油气沿断裂的垂向泵吸运移呈周期性、间歇性和脉动的特点,同时也决定了油气易于在断裂错开的最新层位聚集成藏。通过克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏过程物理模拟实验结果表明,紧邻圈闭的盐下断裂为有效的天然气运移通道,穿盐断裂为无效的天然气运移通道,天然气在地震泵抽吸作用下沿断裂运移速度快、效率高,在断裂活动的短时间内可以大规模运聚成藏。 相似文献
3.
4.
从侏罗世中期至晚白垩世的燕山运动，广东东南部的莲花山断裂带发生强裂的断裂活动。其北支深圳断裂束延伸至香港地区为屯门一罗湖断裂带，它亦相当活跃，产生大量火山喷发和岩浆活动，在不同时期、不同地壳深度，形成不同变质程度的岩石。并产生新田、青山和吊灯笼等韧性剪切带。其中新田和青山剪切带表现为韧性推覆剪切带，走向NNE至NE，均位于屯门一罗湖断裂带内。该断裂带由多条长期活动、成因多样的断裂组成。吊灯笼剪切带呈EW走向，分布本港境内新界的东北部，表现为韧性伸展构造，随韧性剪切带形成后之地壳运动，常发生脆性断裂变形，叠加于原有断裂带上。 相似文献
5.
郯庐断裂带南段中深层次剪切带糜棱岩化过程中组分变化规律研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对郯庐断裂带南段两条典型的中深层次的声望生剪切带中的糜棱岩的系统研究，揭示了韧性剪切变莆作用对岩石化学级份迁移活化的制约和影响，在对活动组分迁移得失的模拟计算的基础，建立岩石组分迁移变化的变质反应化学方程式，综合讨论了流体在糜凌岩化过程中所起的重要作用。 相似文献
6.
汶川-茂县断裂带是龙门山后山断裂，是松潘-甘孜褶皱带与龙门山断裂带之间的边界断层，然而，在2008年MW 7.9级汶川大地震中并没有发生破裂。同时，汶川-茂县断裂带在汶川地震之前是否发生过历史大地震仍缺少确切的证据。这不仅制约着汶川地震发生机制的认识，而且还影响对龙门山形成演化过程的理解。因此，确定汶川-茂县断裂带的断裂作用环境对于认识龙门山断裂带的地震发生机制至关重要。断裂岩的岩石磁学可以有效地揭示断裂带的物理和化学环境。本文以汶川-茂县断裂带北部地表露头的断裂岩为研究对象，通过岩石磁学研究，并结合显微结构观察和地球化学分析，探讨汶川-茂县断裂带的断裂作用环境。断层泥和断层角砾岩最大磁化率值分别约为围岩的30倍和15倍，具有高磁化率值特征。断层泥的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、针铁矿；断层角砾岩的主要载磁矿物为磁黄铁矿、针铁矿。断层泥的高磁化率值异常的主要原因是围岩中的含铁矿物在地震摩擦热和流体作用下新生成磁铁矿和磁黄铁矿。断层角砾岩的高磁化率值异常是围岩在含有大量硫元素的低温热液流体作用下生成了磁黄铁矿。大量针铁矿指示了震后期还原性的低温热液流体作用。断裂岩... 相似文献
7.
断层成岩封闭及其应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
影响断层封闭性的成岩作用类型主要包括:充填作用、压实作用和胶结作用。断裂带充填物中泥质含量越高, 其孔渗性越差, 形成封闭的可能性越大。压实作用是控制断裂带充填物致密性和断裂静止期封闭强度的关键, 压实作用越强, 断裂带越紧闭, 封闭性越好。流体进入断裂破碎带, 随压力和温度的降低, 热液矿物发生沉淀结晶, 逐渐胶结裂缝和角砾岩。断裂带胶结矿物主要有方解石和石英, 温度和压力是控制胶结作用发生的主要因素。夏503井断裂带内泥质充填物发育, 厚1 m左右, 由于埋藏深, 压实作用强, 断裂带充填物致密坚硬。扫描电镜观察, 裂缝和岩石孔隙中充填有沉淀结晶矿物, 这种胶结作用发生的范围大致在断裂带附近3 m左右。在充填、压实、胶结共同作用下, 夏503井断层封闭性强, 是控制江家店油田成藏的关键。 相似文献
8.
胶东矿集区的形成、演化受地幔剪切带和深部流体控制,壳-幔作用和地球动力体制转换是成矿物质活化→运移→聚集→成矿的基本动力学保障,构造应力场转换是其重要表现形式。郯庐断裂是深切地幔的成熟岩石圈断裂,是富含地幔流体的幔内剪切带,其内发生流体-热-化学-物理耦合,决定了胶东矿集区的形成与分布规律,其剪切深熔作用是成矿物质活化、运移的重要驱动力,是成岩成矿作用发生的根本原因之一。地幔流体通过壳-幔相互作用,形成碱交代热液,沿郯庐断裂带向上发散、运移,将含矿流体系统输运到更高的层位,为流体成矿作用提供了矿源。胶东金矿集中区为相对于周边的地幔隆起区,金矿床产于莫霍面的梯度变化处或变形部位,凹陷区局部隆起部位金的成矿强度明显小于其它地段。超大型矿床决定于超大型碱交代岩规模和深部流体活动强度及成矿元素的高效富集效应,在早期剪压体制下,流体组分、成岩组分和成矿组分大量交换运移;晚期剪张体制下,热液析出、交代作用和成矿作用易于发生。 相似文献
9.
南白碱滩断裂带结构特征及流体作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南白碱滩断裂带可分为滑动破碎带和诱导裂缝带两个结构单元。滑动破碎带具断裂角砾岩特征,厚度小,压实强,岩性致密,封闭性好;诱导裂缝带宽度大,裂缝发育,胶结充填作用强。断裂充填物主要为方解石,其次为方沸石,另外还发现硅质和沥青充填。充填物中流体包裹体发育,有盐水包裹体,也有有机包裹体,主要沿方解石解理面和微裂隙呈线状分布。盐水包裹体均一温度可分为3个区间,有机包裹体在荧光镜下也显示出棕色、亮黄色及蓝绿色3种颜色,表明南白碱滩断裂带至少经历了3期大规模的流体活动。成岩胶结作用对南白碱滩断裂带的封闭性起重要作用,受后期构造运动的影响,早期封闭性断裂会重新开启,流体将再次活动,形成新的胶结物,故该断裂的封闭是多期流体活动发生成岩胶结作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
11.
走滑变形过程中的流体包裹体研究——以湘东地区为例 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
走滑断裂是大陆造山带中一种非常重要的构造类型,并常常成为各种流体异常活动的场所。湘东地区自晚三叠世以来的陆内造山作用形成了ＮＮＥ 向走滑断裂系统。该走滑断裂系统经历了从会聚走滑（Ｔ３ － Ｊ） 向离散走滑（Ｋ－ Ｅ１） 的重大构造性质转换,并明显控制了该地区中新生代的岩浆活动、断陷盆地和区域热液铀成矿作用。本文以湘东地区若干走滑断裂为例, 研究了其中各种构造岩的流体包裹体特征。结果表明,走滑变形过程中伴随着显著的流体活动, 而且在不同变形时期或同一变形期不同变形环境,其流体作用有显著不同。走滑断裂中的流体作用对区域热液铀矿床的形成具有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
The role of hydrothermal fluids in assisting the activity of strike-slip faults is investigated using a range of new geological, geophysical, and geochemical data obtained on the Argentat fault, Massif Central, France. This fault zone, 180-km-long and 6 to 8 km-width, has experienced coeval intense channeling of hydrothermal fluids and brittle deformation during a short time span (300–295 Ma). According to seismic data, the fault core is a 4-km-wide, vertical zone of high fracture density that rooted in the middle crust (~ 13 km) and that involved fluids in its deeper parts (9–13 km depth). If stress analyses in the fault core and strain analyses in the damage zone both support a left-lateral movement along the fault zone, it is inferred that hydrothermal fluids have strongly influenced fault development, and the resulting fault has influenced fluid flow. Fluid pressure made easier fracturing and faulting in zones of competent rocks units and along rheological boundaries. Repeated cycles of increase of fault-fracture permeability then overpressure of hydrothermal fluids at fault extremity favored strong and fast development of the crustal-scale strike-slip fault. The high permeability obtained along the fault zone permitted a decrease of coupling across the weak fault core. Connections between shallower and lower crustal fluids reservoirs precipitate the decrease of fault activity by quartz precipitation and sulfides deposition. The zones of intense hydrothermal alteration at shallows crustal levels and the zones of fluid overpressure at the base of the upper crust both controlled the final geometry of the crustal-scale fault zone. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2004,26(6-7):995-1005
The Southern Alps of New Zealand is an active oblique collisional mountain belt with extensive regional tectonically driven fluid flow. There is no evidence for igneous activity, and fluids consist of varying proportions of meteoric water and mid-crustal fluid derived from dehydration reactions. Fluid flow is controlled by fracture porosity, particularly in damage zones along faults and fault intersections. Gold and arsenic bearing veins exposed at the surface indicate two principal zones of gold mineralisation at depth. One of these is in the highest mountains, near to, but not in the region of maximum uplift. Deformation is dominated by reverse faulting, but some normal and strike-slip faults occur as well. The other zone of gold mineralisation is at and near the intersection of regional oblique dextral reverse faults and regional strike-slip faults. Both zones are characterised by small discontinuous vein systems, locally accompanied by ankeritic alteration of host rock. Veins occur in extensional and shear veins, and in dilational jogs with implosion breccias. Gold mineralisation occurred at many structural levels between the brittle–ductile transition and the near-surface region. The Southern Alps hydrothermal system represents an active roof zone to a mesothermal gold deposition system at depth. As such, this is a modern analogue for mesothermal gold terranes elsewhere in New Zealand and around the world. Observations on the regional distribution of fluid flow in active orogens can give insights into fluid flow at depth where gold mineralisation is occurring now. Comparison of these observations with ancient gold-bearing belts allows construction of three-dimensional concepts of orogenic fluid flow and gold mineralisation. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2003,25(10):1713-1733
This paper aims at reconstructing paleostress history and deciphering the pore-fluid pressure conditions during the reactivation of a regional-scale fault. Paleostress analyses of the mesoscopic structures suggest that three successive events of reactivation on the Great Boundary Fault occurred in thrust-type, strike-slip type and thrust-type tectonic-settings, respectively. Whereas the pore-fluid pressure was supralithostatic during the first and third events of reactivation, it was sublithostatic during the second event. Each event of reactivation induced a fluid pressure gradient, which resulted in the focused and enhanced flow of syntectonic fluids within the high permeability locales, primarily fractures and faults.Fluid inclusion study on strike-slip veins reveals that the syntectonic fluids were highly dense, Na–Ca–Cl brines of formational water origin. Stratigraphic evidence in favour of a 2-km-thick column of overburden above Kaimur sandstone beds implies that the strike-slip faulting occurred at 160–202 °C temperature and 53 MPa pressure. Variation in homogenization temperature reflects fluctuation in pore-fluid pressure during entrapment of syntectonic fluids and points to seismic pumping as a possible mechanism of fluid flow during faulting. High paleogeothermal gradient, obtained by fluid inclusion data, is ascribed to the high heat flow due to crustal stretching during the Proterozoic rifting, the basal and intermittent volcanism in the basin, and occurrence of Berach granite as the basement. 相似文献
15.
Thermal anomalies in tectonically active areas are often attributed to sub-seafloor fluid circulation and faulting mechanisms, particularly in subduction zones where the largest thrust earthquakes occur. Postseismic fluid flow is enabled by the poroelastic response of the fault system to the earthquake's strain field, as well as by the rupturing of permeability barriers in the vicinity of the fault zone. We investigated the relative importance of these mechanisms on postseismic pore-pressure diffusion and advective heat transport in the subduction zone setting. A two-dimensional numerical fluid flow and heat transport model was developed for the Costa Rica subduction zone offshore of the Nicoya Peninsula. The flow and transport model was coupled with an earthquake strain model to quantify the effects of coseismic strain and permeability enhancement on fluid pressures and temperatures within the Costa Rica margin. Coseismic changes in pore pressure and postseismic pore-pressure diffusion were found to be sensitive to the compressibility of the porous medium, and patterns of pore-pressure recovery were more complex than that predicted by theoretical faulting models. Coseismic contraction and extension of the crust produced high fluid pressures close to the fault, while the inflow of fluid from depth increased fluid pressures several years following the simulated fault slip. Crustal deformation alone was not observed to perturb the temperature field. Laterally extensive permeability increases of two orders of magnitude along the décollement were required to produce small changes in heat flow. Local permeability changes in the upper slope region of least five orders of magnitude were necessary to noticeably affect heat flow. The results of the numerical simulations may help to refine conceptual faulting models and provide guidance for locating long-term hydrologic monitoring sites at Costa Rica and other subduction zones. 相似文献
16.
流体输运,化学反应与交代作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在成矿及变质作用过程中， 体运移促使热量发生传输及周围岩石发生化学反应和交代作用。流体输过一化学反应耦合动力学方程能定量评价热液系统组分浓度、温度和流量函数的人演化，对于区域变质和交代韧性断裂带等变质系统，还可通过流体运称方向和时间积分流体能量来定量描述流体输运一化学反应耦合客观变持地体中水力破裂的形成与流体运移和失挥发分反应耦合过程有关。 相似文献
17.
Geological investigation of the deformation structures and sedimentary setting of the Emi Group, a Miocene sand-rich accretionary complex, central Japan, revealed a six stage-structural evolution during shallow level accretion in a subduction zone. The early deformation (stage 1) is characterized by independent particulate flow in layer parallel faults, scaly cleavages and web structures, and upward dewatering in dish-and-pillar structures and breccia injections, while later deformation (stages 2–6) involve mappable scale folding, meso- to macro-scopic thrusts and web structures with cataclastic flow. Based on microscopic analyses of these structures, the early faulting with independent particulate flow (stage 1 deformation) is associated with dilatancy and preferred orientation of void space, whereas the later faulting with cataclastic flow (stage 2 deformation) occurs with compaction and crude preferred orientation. The former features imply more permeable fluid migration pathways, supported by the permeability measurements and direct imaging of fluid flow by X-ray CT. On the other hand, the later fault zone has lower permeability and porosity than intact rock, and plays as fluid sealing. Thus, in the early stage (stages 1), fluid flow occurs as focused flow through dilatant fault zones with independent particulate flow or fluid migration by upward dewatering forming dish-and-pillar structures and breccia injections, whereas no evidence of fluid flow is recognized at the later stages (stages 2–6). Namely the fault zones focus fluid flow during primary accretion in shallow levels, and the fluid flow is strongly controlled by the deformation mechanism. Furthermore, the change of the deformation mechanism could be effected by progressive increment of the confining pressure, accompanied with accretion and lithification in the accretionary prism. In the shallow, dilatant-faulting regime where the deformation mechanism is independent particulate flow, focused flow dominates, whereas in the deep, cataclastic regime distributed flow may play a main conduit rather than the focused flow. 相似文献
18.
Understanding the way fluids flow in fault zones is of prime importance to develop correct models of earthquake mechanics, especially in the case of the abnormally weak San Andreas Fault (SAF) system. Because fluid flow can leave detectable signatures in rocks, geochemistry is essential to bring light on this topic. The present detailed study combines, for the first time, C–O isotope analyses with a comprehensive trace element data set to examine the geometry of fluid flow within a significant fault system hosted by a carbonate sequence, from a single locality across the Little Pine Fault–SAF system. Such a fault zone contains veins, deformation zones, and their host rocks. Stable isotope geochemistry is used to establish a relative scale of integrated fluid–rock ratios. Carbonate δ18O varies between 28‰ and 15‰ and δ13C between 5‰ and −7‰. From highest to lowest delta values, thus from least to most infiltrated, are the host rocks, the vein fillings, and the deformation zone fillings, respectively. Infiltration increases toward fault core. The fluids are H2O–CO2 mixtures. Two fluid sources, one internal and the other external, are found. The external fluid is inferred to come essentially from metamorphism of the Franciscan formation underneath. The internal (local) fluid is provided by a 30% volume reduction of the host limestones resulting from pressure solution and pore size reduction. Most trace elements, including the lanthanides, show enrichment at the 100-m scale in host carbonate rocks as fluid–rock ratios increase toward the fault core. In contrast, the same trace element concentrations are low, relative to host rocks, in veins and deformation zone carbonate fillings, and this difference in concentration increases as fluid–rock ratio increases toward the fault core. We suggest that the fluid trace elements are scavenged by complexation with organic matter in the host rocks. Elemental complexation is especially illustrated by large fractionation of Y–Ho and Nb–Ta geochemical pairs. Complexation associated with external fluid flow has a significant effect on trace element enrichment (up to 700% relative enrichment) while concentration by pressure solution associated with volume decrease of host rocks has a more limited effect (up to 40% relative enrichment). Our observations from the millimeter to the kilometer scale call for the partitioning of fluid sources and pathways, and for a mixed focused–pervasive fluid flow mechanism. The fluid mainly flows within veins and deformation zones and, simultaneously, within at least 10 cm from these channels, part of the fluid flows pervasively in the host rock, which controls the fluid composition. Scavenging of the fluid rare earth elements (REE) by host rocks is responsible for the formation of REE-depleted vein and deformation zone carbonate fillings. Fluid flow is not only restricted to veins or deformation zones as commonly believed. An important part of fluid flow takes place in host rocks near fault zones. Hence, the nature of the lithologies hosting fault zones must be considered in order to take into account the role of fluids in the seismic cycle. 相似文献
19.
异常压力环境下流体活动及其油气运移主通道分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
沉积盆地的油气生成、运移和成藏过程与盆地流体作用密切相关, 而异常压力环境下流体活动有其特殊性, 因而与之相关的油气运移和成藏也有其特殊性.对于异常压力体系(包括高压和低压)而言, 存在2类流体系统, 即半开放型和封闭型流体系统.前者由于封闭层的间歇开启导致流体幕式释放, 后者以封闭层内热对流作用为主.按照封闭层开启的成因机制可划分为3类, 即水力破裂或流体压裂型、断裂型、断-压双控型.封闭层的间歇开启构成异常压力环境下油气运移的主通道.这些流体活动和油气运移在海底以及盆地的浅层和深层显示不同地球物理特征, 如气苗、麻坑、气烟囱和流体底辟带等.同样, 还可以利用岩石中残留的一些标记或异常现象示踪盆地流体活动, 如流体包裹体、地层水化学、有机地球化学异常、成岩作用异常、流体场动态模拟等.这些特征和标志为流体和油气运移主通道的识别, 同时也为异常压力环境下油气勘探提供重要的依据. 相似文献
20.
湘赣边区NNE向走滑断裂-流体-铀成矿动力学分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以湘赣边区ＮＮＥ向走滑断裂系统构造解析及其演化和动力学分析为主线,结合含矿流体的运动学过程研究,进行热液铀成矿动力学分析,以探讨成矿作用的动力来源、作用机制和演化过程。 相似文献