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利用钻孔抽放煤层中的瓦斯降低煤层瓦斯含量和压力,为矿井安全生产提供保障,是高瓦斯矿井采用的主要手段之一.芦岭煤矿是一个五害俱全的高瓦斯矿井,瓦斯治理是矿井安全生产管理的主要难题.本文通过对不同钻孔瓦斯抽放量的观测统计,采用数值分析手段,分析比较了钻孔的抽放能力,为矿井提高瓦斯抽放率提供参考依据. 相似文献
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为了安全生产,矿井或采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量较大、采用通风方法解决瓦斯问题不合理时,应抽放瓦斯。瓦斯的抽放方法多种多样,具体采用哪一种方法或几种方法,应该具体问题具体分析。本文分析了芦岭煤矿Ⅱ1048工作面地面瓦斯抽放钻孔的抽排情况,得出如下结论:对于透气率极低的煤层,施工井下钻孔或地面压裂钻孔抽放效果往往不理想;首先开采适当的保护层,并有在开采之前施工地面钻孔抽放瓦斯是行之有效的。这种方法对于其它类似矿区,具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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高瓦斯矿井"U"型通风工作面采空区上隅角容易积聚瓦斯。以渗流理论为基础,根据气体扩散定律和质量守恒定律,建立了顶板走向钻孔抽放采空区瓦斯流场数学模型,并用6点隐式有限差分法进行了求解。以VB6.0为平台,利用工程软件SURFER模拟了抽放钻孔周围瓦斯压力场,并在现场进行了工业试验。理论研究与现场实践均表明:顶板走向钻孔抽放采空区瓦斯是解决高瓦斯工作面上隅角瓦斯积聚的一种行之有效的措施;顶板裂隙程度和状态是影响瓦斯抽放量的主要因素,将钻孔布置在适当的裂隙带中,瓦斯抽放浓度可达30%～90%,抽放负压可达50～55 kPa;数值模拟方法研究采空区瓦斯运移等工程实际问题是可行的。 相似文献
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本文针对矿井煤层瓦斯抽放及防突中煤层透气性差,瓦斯抽放率低等问题,按照高压水射流技术应用的原理,设计了应用于抽放钻孔中切割煤体的高压水射击流装置,并在现场对喷嘴和射流器进行了试验。试验结果表明,水射流方向采用+100,喷嘴直径为1.5mm,切割速度为0.2m/min,泵压为30MPa时,水射流切割钻孔中煤体效果最佳;煤层采用高压水射流切割缝后,钻孔预抽瓦斯的抽放率提高了18.8%,抽放时间相对缩短90%以上。因此,该项技术对于煤层瓦斯抽放和防治煤与瓦斯突出具有重要作用。 相似文献
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林南仓属于低瓦斯矿井,但存在高瓦斯区域。煤层和采空区是瓦斯的主要来源,尤以采空涌出量大,给煤矿生产和安全带来了极大隐患。通过在1129综采工作面风道施工高位瓦斯孔,把钻孔打到采空区一侧煤层顶板以上冒落裂隙带内,用钻孔进行瓦斯抽放,使采空内的瓦斯通过裂隙带沿钻孔抽出,有效降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度,保证综采工作面正常回采和安全生产。 相似文献
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甲烷是最主要的非二氧化碳温室气体,受到越来越多的重视。煤炭甲烷是我国最主要的甲烷排放源类型,我国也是世界煤炭甲烷排放量最大的国家,煤炭甲烷的有效排放管控与高效开发利用兼具温室气体减排、能源气体开发利用和灾害气体防治三重意义。基于系统调研和研究工作积累,概述了煤炭甲烷排放管控背景,总结了全球与代表性国家煤炭甲烷排放及其管控现状,阐释了我国煤炭甲烷开发利用与排放管控历程及发展趋势,讨论和前瞻了我国煤炭甲烷减排路径与减排潜力。已有研究工作表明:我国煤炭甲烷排放主要来自煤炭地下开采风排瓦斯,且较长时期内仍是我国煤炭甲烷的主要来源;随着我国关闭矿井增多,由此产生的关闭矿井甲烷排放量呈增长趋势,是我国煤炭甲烷不容忽视的来源。随着碳中和目标的提出,温室气体减排的政策导向逐渐成为我国煤炭甲烷排放管控的重点,明确了煤炭甲烷减排方向。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控形成了以煤层气勘探开发利用、煤矿瓦斯抽采利用、关闭/废弃矿井瓦斯抽采利用、乏风瓦斯利用等全浓度利用,煤炭采前、采中和采后全周期利用为特征的关键技术路径。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控面临巨大压力和严峻挑战,诸多政策、机制、技术问题亟待破解。突破复杂地质条件适配性煤层... 相似文献
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随着我国煤炭去产能政策的有力实施,一批资源枯竭及产能落后矿井将陆续关停废弃。废弃矿井仍赋存着大量的煤层气资源,其开发利用是实现煤炭产业清洁安全高效低碳发展、促进煤矿安全生产、优化能源结构、实现温室气体减排等方面的重要举措。基于山西省煤基重点科技攻关(煤层气产业链)项目相关研究,系统阐述了废弃矿井煤层气开发面临着资源量评价不准、钻进体系不健全、井上下联合缺失等关键问题。针对这些问题提出以下几点对策:废弃矿井精准地质探测是采空区地面钻井轨迹设计的重要依据,尤其是炮采等落后采煤工艺的废弃矿井,地球物理勘探精度应达到米级才能有效降低钻遇煤柱风险;优选废弃矿井煤层气地面“L”型钻井思路,即选采空区周边一定距离的保安煤柱作为L型井位,并配套特殊钻进工艺;煤矿企业应将废弃矿井资源开发利用纳入煤矿全生命周期规划,尤其是矿井废弃前应确保煤层气抽采通道畅通,以实现煤层气井“一井多用”的新型井上下联合开采模式,提高废弃矿井煤层气开发效率;采用防回火、各种传感器等装置,并对关键参数设置自动报警停机界限值,从而使废弃矿井煤层气地面开采工艺安全、高效;对不同浓度废弃矿井煤层气,需要采取相应的梯级利用模式,从而提高整体开发利用价值。以山西省废弃矿井为示范区,研究认识对推动全国煤矿区废弃矿井煤层气开发利用具有重要的指导和示范意义。 相似文献
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芦岭煤矿卸压区瓦斯综合抽采试验及分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
煤炭开采造成煤储层卸压,煤储层参数将发生巨大变化,并对瓦斯储存和运移产生极大影响。分析了淮北芦岭煤矿卸压区地面垂直井煤层气抽采试验,研究了卸压区地面和井下瓦斯综合抽采技术及方法。结果显示,在低透气性煤层卸压区进行地面和井下瓦斯综合抽采,不仅有利于煤矿安全生产,而且可大大提高瓦斯采收率及其开发的经济效益。 相似文献
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Coalbed methane: From hazard to resource 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Coalbed gas, which mainly consists of methane, has remained a major hazard affecting safety and productivity in underground coal mines for more than 100 years. Coalbed gas emissions have resulted in outbursts and explosions where ignited by open lights, smoking or improper use of black blasting powder, and machinery operations. Investigations of coal gas outbursts and explosions during the past century were aimed at predicting and preventing this mine hazard. During this time, gas emissions were diluted with ventilation by airways (e.g., tunnels, vertical and horizontal drillholes, shafts) and by drainage boreholes. The 1970's ‘energy crisis' led to studies of the feasibility of producing the gas for commercial use. Subsequent research on the origin, accumulation, distribution, availability, and recoverability has been pursued vigorously during the past two decades. Since the 1970's research investigations on the causes and effects of coal mine outbursts and gas emissions have led to major advances towards the recovery and development of coalbed methane for commercial use. Thus, coalbed methane as a mining hazard was harnessed as a conventional gas resource. 相似文献
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C.
zgen Karacan 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,72(3-4):221-239
In longwall development mining of coal seams, planning, optimizing and providing adequate ventilation are very important steps to eliminate the accumulation of explosive methane–air mixtures in the working environment. Mine operators usually try to supply maximum ventilation air based on the capacity of the system and the predicted need underground. This approach is neither economical nor safer as ventilation capacity may decrease in time depending on various mining and coalbed parameters. Thus, it is important to develop better engineered approaches to optimize mine ventilation effectiveness and, therefore, to ensure a safer work environment.This study presents an approach using coalbed methane reservoir modeling and an artificial neural network (ANN) design for prediction and optimization of methane inflows and ventilation air requirements to maintain methane concentrations below statutory limits. A coalbed reservoir model of a three-entry development section, which is typical of Pittsburgh Coalbed mines in the Southwestern Pennsylvania section of Northern Appalachian Basin, was developed taking into account the presence and absence of shielding boreholes around the entries against methane inflow. In the model, grids were dynamically controlled to simulate the advance of mining for parametric simulations.Development and application of artificial neural networks as an optimization tool for ventilation requirements are introduced. Model predictions are used to develop, train, and test artificial neural networks to optimize ventilation requirements. The sensitivity and applications of proposed networks for predicting simulator data are presented and discussed. Results show that reservoir simulations and integrated ANN models can be practical and powerful tools for predicting methane emissions and optimization of ventilation air requirements. 相似文献
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Hai-tao Sun Xu-sheng Zhao Ri-hu Li Hong-wei Jin Dongling Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):336
Windblown methane is an important gas resulting in atmospheric greenhouse effect. Therefore, reduction in windblown methane is one of the important measures to mitigate atmospheric greenhouse effect. In China, weak coal seam of low permeability is common in coal mines, so it is beset with difficulties to decrease the methane emission rate by means of gas drainage from the virgin coal seam, further to decrease the windblown mine gas. Utilizing the pressure relief and permeability and fluidity improvement effect in coal mining an approach to release methane emission through surface borehole was established, for example establishing a comprehensive deformation fracture model of surface borehole in extraction area based on quantitative rule of overlying rock movement in pit and forming a technology to select the surface borehole arrangement site in extraction area on the basis of deformation of bore frame structure and distribution characteristics of extraction flow field. And optimization technology of shape and structure of surface borehole in extraction area on the basis of ultimate stress analysis of surface borehole casing was given. The technology overcomes effectively the problem that surface borehole casing is vulnerable to premature fracture due to impact of strata movement on the surface borehole, and further increases the drainage result of the surface borehole. The technology has been test in China Shanxi Jincheng Sihe Coal Mine, achieving good results, including 12,000 Nm3/d pure methane drainage rate from single borehole, 85% methane concentration and 1.1 million Nm3 accumulative methane drainage, which demonstrate practicability and advanced performance of the technology. 相似文献
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With the increasing demand for coal resources, coal mining has gradually entered into the deep strata of coal seams. Although the increase in mining depth improves energy security, it is associated with severe hazards, especially coal and gas outburst. Protective seam mining is an efficient method for gas control and has been widely used in major coal-producing countries. However, studies on deep ultra-thin protective seam (thickness 0.1–1 m, average thickness 0.5 m) mining and its related problems have been rarely reported. Focusing on the challenges resulting from deep mining (mining depth >1100 m) and the research gap, a coal and gas co-exploitation technique, which combines the gas control technology and green mining (including coal preparation and backfilling), has been proposed in this work. Significant benefits have been achieved in the twelfth coal mine of the Pingdingshan coalfield (study area) following the implementation of this technique. The application of the gas control technology markedly improved the gas drainage efficiency, promoted increased gas utilization, and reduced the greenhouse gas emission, providing notable economic and environmental benefits. In addition, implementation of green mining improved the coal quality, relieved the burden of the transport system, and, in particular, effectively prevented surface subsidence, thus protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, which offered significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. The practice in the twelfth coal mine could be used as a valuable example for coal mines with similar geological conditions. 相似文献
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我国露天煤矿普遍采用抽排方式进行地下水控制以满足煤炭资源安全开采要求,这种方式对水资源造成极大破坏,严重影响煤矿周边的生态环境。近年来,随着我国社会经济的全面发展,国家对生态环境保护、生态文明建设提出了更高要求,如何优化、转变露天煤矿地下水控制方式,减少矿坑疏排水量是露天煤矿防治水工作普遍面临的崭新课题。采用截水帷幕技术取代疏排降水技术,由被动疏水变为主动截水,是解决露天煤矿因疏排水带来诸多问题的根本措施。以内蒙古扎尼河露天煤矿、元宝山露天煤矿截水帷幕实施过程为例,介绍我国露天煤矿截水帷幕设计理念、施工工艺和截水帷幕材料,在实践过程中,突破了防渗膜大深度垂向隐蔽铺设与连接技术瓶颈;研发了超长槽段连续开挖及浇筑工艺,大幅减少接头数量;研制粉煤灰?水泥混合浆体与HDPE防渗膜的复合帷幕材料,提高帷幕抗渗与抗变形性能;构建帷幕质量与截水效果综合检验体系,掌握了露天煤矿截水帷幕建造关键技术。截水帷幕技术在我国露天煤矿的成功应用,丰富了露天煤矿防治水与水资源保护技术理论,促进了行业技术进步,为露天煤矿地下水控制及安全绿色开采提供了新思路、新技术、新工艺,对其他非煤矿山及水利水电、交通等更高防渗等级要求的工程具有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
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煤炭采出后,采空区中仍蕴藏着丰富的煤层气资源,其资源评价与开发利用具有环保和资源双重意义。近几年来,在山西晋城、西山和阳泉等矿区开展了地面钻井抽采采空区煤层气的积极探索,但在采空区煤层气地面开发过程中,往往因煤矿采空区积水、上覆岩层承压涌水等原因,导致地面钻井不产气或抽采气量低。以山西晋城岳城矿为例,研究不同采煤工艺下的采空区煤层气赋存特征、采空区积水和采空区裂隙带岩层渗透率对采空区煤层气地面开发的影响,提出采空区井布置原则和抽采技术,为解决三开空气钻进过程中岩粉进入裂隙带堵塞采空区煤层气运移通道问题,探索用水力冲孔方法提高采空区裂隙带岩层渗透率方面的应用。研究表明,煤矿采空区井布井原则:(1) 采空区井应布置在采空区积水区域之外;(2) 针对房柱式采煤形成的采空区空间形态,采空区井应避开保护煤柱最终完钻至采空区空间内;针对长臂式垮落法采煤形成的采空区空间形态,采空区井最优钻井区域为“O”形圈边界连线和采场边界之间靠近终采线一侧。研发了一种煤矿采空区井排水采气一体化抽采系统,该抽采系统实现了采空区井底积水抽排和煤层气抽采同步进行,解决了采空区上覆岩层承压涌水造成煤层气产量下降问题,抽采系统优化前后采空区井煤层气抽采量增加33.3%。探索性地将水力冲孔运用于解决钻井岩屑造成的采空区裂隙带岩层渗透率下降问题,工程试验结果表明,水力冲孔改造前后采空区井日均抽采量最高增长率为11.30%,提出了采用泡沫欠平衡钻井技术解决钻井岩粉侵入采空区裂隙带的建议。 相似文献
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黄河流域中上游矿区煤?水矛盾突出,煤炭开采对地下水环境造成一定的破坏。基于此,以鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤田榆神府矿区为研究区,在野外调查、数据分析、室内测试的基础上,分析研究区矿井水的量质特征,揭示煤炭高强度开采对地下水环境的影响,并开展矿井水生态利用研究。结果表明:研究区矿井富水系数在0.23~2.28,平均为0.91,评估2020年区内矿井排水量高达4.70亿m3,受采掘活动影响,浅埋煤层开采区地下水位下降趋势明显;区内矿井水出现不同程度的污染组分超标现象,主要超标指标为化学需氧量(COD)、Na+、SO4 2?、溶解性总固体(TDS),未处理的矿井水外排将会污染区内地下水环境;研究区浅层地下水超限的水质指标主要为NO3-N,与矿井水超限水质指标差别较大,反映出浅层地下水水质受采矿活动影响较小;提出矿井水浅层回灌和矿井水生态灌溉2种模式开展研究区矿井水的生态利用,矿井水回灌对矿井水中的溶解性有机碳、色度具有较好的去除效果,回灌后出水满足Ⅲ类地下水限值;浅埋煤矿矿井水具有作为矿区生态修复灌溉用水的较好潜力,中深埋煤矿和深埋煤矿矿井水不适宜作为灌溉用水。研究结果为我国西部煤矿区水资源保护和生态修复提供重要依据。 相似文献