共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
中国陆地生态系统对全球变化的反应模式研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
综述了国家自然科学基金“八五”重大项目“中国陆地生态系统对全球变化的反应模式研究”的最新进展，主要有对全球变化反应的植物生态生理学基础模型研究，对全球变化反应的植物群落学模型与气候（植被关系，全球变化中的我国生物群区遥感监测技术与相关模型研究，以及生态系统对全球气候变化响应的预测。最后指出未来中国进行全球变化与陆地生态系统关系研究拟注重各计划间的交叉及应加强研究的领域。 相似文献
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全球气候变化及其对社会与自然系统产生的影响已日益受到全世界各国政府与广大民众的关注。与天气和气候有关的灾害给人类生命财产造成的损失日益增大,社会与生态系统似乎变得日趋脆弱。人们关心刚刚过去的20世纪的天气与气候发生了什么变化,更希望了解未来的21世纪,人类居住的地球会出现什么样的气候情景。根据一些国家和地区的观测记录、研究成果以及科学家们对气候变化的评估与预测展望,对全球气候变化问题进行概括。首先阐明20世纪地区性气候变化的事实;并根据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)科学技术报告中关于20世纪全球气候变化进行的总结性评估以及对21世纪全球气候变化的预测,作为阐述过去与未来全球气候变化的主要依据。同时,还介绍了一些科学家对IPCC关于全球气候变化的结论所持的不同观点或质疑。还就气候变化对社会与自然系统可能产生的影响略作论述。 相似文献
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中国大气气溶胶及其气候效应的研究 总被引：48，自引：2，他引：46
介绍了2006年新立项的国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“中国大气气溶胶及其气候效应的研究”的目的、意义、关键科学问题等。该项目预期在中国大气气溶胶理化和光学特性的时空分布特征、气溶胶数值模拟及大气灰霾数值预报方法、气溶胶直接—间接辐射特性、气候效应等方面开展系统的研究,从而降低气溶胶气候效应研究中的不确定性,提高气候预估的可信度。同时提高描述和预报区域大气污染的能力。不仅在全球气候变化这一重大科学问题上做出相应的贡献,也为国家环境外交、区域大气灰霾污染控制提供科学支持。 相似文献
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气候变化影响及其适应的经济学评估——英国"斯特恩报告"关键内容解读 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了英国尼古拉斯·斯特恩领导完成的"从经济学角度看气候变化"报告的主要内容,并从科学基础、气候变化中的经济学问题、减排行动的政策与经济因素、适应行动的效益分析以及全球合作应对气候的意义等5个方面对报告的主要内容、立场和结论进行了介绍.报告认为,气候变化是不争的事实,如果人类按照目前的模式继续发展下去,到21世纪末,全球温度可能会升高2～3℃以上,这将会造成全球经济的GDP比重下挫5%～10%,而贫穷国家则会超过10%.如果现在即采取措施,在2050年前把温室气体浓度控制在450×10-6～550×10-6的水平上,减排的成本大约仅占GDP的1%.报告提出,要建立长期稳定的碳价格政策、低碳技术发展政策、消除阻碍减排行动的障碍因素,保证温室气体减排行动的有效实施.全球合作和以适应为目标的气候行动目前在经济上是可行的,并有利于气候目标的实现. 相似文献
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全球气候变暖是当今世界各国政府所关注的重大问题，如何应对全球气候变化及其影响是各国面临的共同挑战。干旱气候变化是气候变化研究中的热点问题之一，干旱气候变化引起的沙漠化和干旱生态退化及其对自然环境和人类社会产生的影响等问题已引起国际社会广泛重视。干旱问题不仅是全球地球科学界研究的焦点科学问题之一，同时也是世界各国政府和社会公众关注的重大热点问题。 相似文献
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近年来全球强震频发,其灾难发生的原因可能是由地磁减弱引起的。研究表明,地磁减弱的原因在于两极冰盖融化导致地壳和地幔转动惯量增大及自转减慢,由此引发核幔差异旋转在数值和方向上的改变。在磁场减弱和磁极反向过程中,太阳辐射的增强和核幔热能的释放与灾害有一一对应关系。这一研究结论与美国学者最近发现的“浅核磁场”相一致。全球变暖与地磁减弱的相关性表明,气候变暖不仅会导致海平面上升,而且会导致频繁的地震、火山活动。 相似文献
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全球气候变暖争议中的核心问题 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
综合分析了全球气候变暖争议中的3个核心问题:①全球变暖停滞了吗?回答是不一定。虽然根据HadCRUT3序列显示1999—2008年温度增量很小,但是这10年仍是过去30年中最暖的10年。而根据NASA GISS序列,则同期温度增量仍达到0.19℃/10a。目前全球地表气温在一个较暖平台上振荡,不能忽视自然气候变率。②气候变暖完全是由人类活动造成的吗?回答是否定的。虽然温室效应加剧可能是全球变暖的主要原因。但是,ENSO、太阳活动、火山活动、热盐环流等对全球变暖也有影响,在年代际及年际尺度上其影响甚至有时可能超过人类活动的作用。其中,太阳活动对气候变化的影响是需要重点考虑的因素。③气候变暖的影响有十分明显的迹象吗?回答是肯定的。近几年冰雪圈融化的速率及海平面上升的速率均超过了2007年IPCC第四次评估报告的估计,因此对未来SL上升的预估值也增加了。 相似文献
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中国历史时期气候变化影响及其应对的启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
气候变化的社会影响是当前全球变暖影响研究的一个重要领域。以古鉴今,历史上应对气候变化的经验和教训可以为现代人类应对以全球变暖为突出标志的气候变化挑战提供宝贵的借鉴。总结中国历史气候变化对社会影响研究领域的成果,归纳得到了历史时期气候变化对中国社会发展影响的若干认识及其对适应未来气候变化的启示。主要结论是:历史气候变化影响的总体特征是"冷抑暖扬",但影响与响应存在区域差异;社会经济的衰落与百年尺度的气候由暖转冷呈现同期性,与暖期相伴的社会快速发展会增加社会对资源、环境需求的压力,导致社会脆弱性加大;历史上应对气候变化策略因时、因地、因主体而异;而以政府为主导的主动因地制宜适应是应对气候变化的有效策略。 相似文献
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John W. Nielsen-Gammon 《GeoJournal》2007,70(1):21-26
The movie An Inconvenient Truth is a powerful portrayal of global warming and its impacts. The main scientific argument presented in the movie is for the
most part consistent with the weight of scientific evidence, but with some of the main points needing updating, correction,
or qualification. The detailed argument relies almost entirely on past and current evidence and neglects almost all information
that can be gained from computer models, perhaps because such information would be difficult for a lay audience to grasp,
believe, or connect with emotionally. This places an undue weight on current events as signs of ongoing climate change: some
such events are apparently not related at all to climate change, while for other specific events the role of global warming
is difficult or impossible to establish. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the most active research fields currently, which has attracted extensive attention from the international community. In order to better understand the development situation and research status of international climate change science, in this paper we took the SSCI and SCI databases as data sources, collected the relevant literatures since 1900 based on the key words related to climate change, and made some statistics and analysis of the literatures of the past one hundred years to reveal the development process of climate change research as well as the development and evolution of its research topics and hot spots. The results showed that the climate change research began in the late 18 th century and early 19 th century, and the academic debate about global warming and global cooling started in the early 1970s. The international programs and projects led by a range of international organizations and intergovernmental bodies have contributed significantly to the rapid development of climate change research. The United States and the United Kingdom have long been the core countries of climate change research. The proportion of Chinese papers has risen rapidly in the last decade. The intensity and scope of scientific research cooperation are constantly expanding. Current research focuses on climate model/modeling, climate simulation, climate policy, climate sensitivity, climate change impacts, climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, and rate of climate change. 相似文献
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从吉林省安图县案例看人类对全球变化适应的行为心理学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用行为心理学理论和方法,从气候变暖的环境“刺激”到农业种植行为改变的“反应（响应行为）”的全部适应行为过程,涉及刺激、认知、辨识、选择、反馈等环节,需要解决的关键科学问题包括：①人类如何感知和辨识全球变暖及其影响;②哪些因素怎样影响人类适应行为的发生;③人类适应行为的评价与反馈机制。对安图县实例的分析可以看出,一方面很好地验证了该研究思路;另一方面却也反映出,此类研究需要建立在一系列对典型区域进行个案取证调查的实证研究基础上。 相似文献
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Shi Peijun Wang Aihui Sun Fubao Li Ning Ye Tao Xu Wei Wang Jing&#x ai Yang Jianping Zhou Hongjian 《地球科学进展》2016,31(8):775-781
Global climate change featured with warming has created serious challenge to world sustainable development and human security. It has become an important consensus of the international society to assess global change risk at the global scale and carry out tailored governance and risk-based adaptation. National Key Research and Development Program “Study on global change population and economic system risk forming mechanism and assessment” aims at quantitatively predicting future global climate change and population and economic system exposure and vulnerability change, developing global change population and economic system risk assessment model based on complex system dynamics, synthesizing risk assessment model with proprietary intellectual property rights, assess global change population and economic system risk of the near and mid future at the global scale, and compiling the atlas of global change population and economic system risk. The outcomes intend to serve the participation of global risk governance and international climate negotiation, and to provide scientific support to the implementation of international disaster risk reduction strategy. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed. 相似文献