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1.
磷灰石结构通道离子对晶胞参数的影响   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
磷灰石晶胞参数受其结构中Ca多面体,磷氧四面体及结构通道位置上的类质同角替换的影响,本文探讨了54个磷灰石样吕的晶胞参数与结构通道离子F,OH,Cl相同象替换的影响,本文讨论了54个磷灰石样品的晶胞参数与结构通道离子F,OH,Cl相对含量的关系,发现Cl和取代是影响岩浆型磷灰石晶胞参数的主要因素,每原子/晶胞的Cl使a增大0.121 1(6)nm,c减少0.0633 (3)nm,根据成分与结构的经验关系式,可以验证电子探针对F的分析结果。  相似文献   

2.
磷灰石结构替换的研究进展   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
综述了作为重要环境矿物材料的磷灰石在钙位、四面体位和结构通道位置上类质同象替换的研究进展,讨论了替换离子的结构占位、替换形式和机理,并就替换对这种矿物在环境治理领域应用的影响进行了简要评述。  相似文献   

3.
斑岩铜矿作为一种岩浆热液型矿床,其形成过程与Cu在熔体与流体间的迁移密切相关。而大量研究表明Cl在这一过程中起到了至关重要的作用,因此岩浆中Cl含量的高低或直接决定了岩浆的成矿潜力。俯冲型斑岩铜矿成矿所需的Cl主要来自于俯冲大洋板片,而碰撞型斑岩铜矿形成时则缺乏洋片俯冲,因此其Cl的来源尚不确定。为了进一步推进对上述科学问题的探究,文章总结了常见含Cl岩浆矿物的富Cl特性及岩浆Cl逸度计的使用方法,并利用磷灰石估算了碰撞型斑岩铜矿成矿岩浆中的Cl含量;计算了新生下地壳角闪石与熔体间Cl和OH的交换系数,以此对冈底斯碰撞型斑岩铜Cl的来源进行讨论。研究显示:(1)成矿岩浆演化过程中结晶的磷灰石、角闪石和黑云母中的Cl含量可以指示岩浆或流体中的Cl逸度;(2)碰撞型斑岩铜矿的成矿岩浆Cl含量明显低于俯冲型斑岩铜矿;(3)冈底斯出露的新生下地壳作为弧岩浆固结的产物,其中的角闪石可能继承了弧岩浆的高Cl含量特征;(4)印度陆壳俯冲过程中诱发地幔楔部分熔融所形成的超钾质岩浆可能含有较高的Cl含量。同时,幔源超钾质岩浆的加入将促进成矿岩浆中角闪石的大量结晶分异,有利于Cl在残余熔体中富集。  相似文献   

4.
对德兴铜矿区的铜厂斑岩铜矿中出现的岩浆成因和热液成因磷灰石进行了对比研究。在铜厂,除含矿斑岩体中含有磷灰石以外,成矿早期蚀变(钾化)与主矿化期蚀变(石英-绿泥石-绢云母化)也形成了磷灰石。电子探针分析结果表明三期磷灰石成分差异显著,岩浆期磷灰石的主要特征是富S和Si,钾化期磷灰石的主要特征是富Mn和Fe,主矿化期磷灰石与早期磷灰石的主要差别在于其较高的S含量、F含量和较低的Cl含量;岩浆期、钾化期和主矿化期磷灰石的Cl/F比值依次降低,这反映了流体和岩浆Cl/F比值的演化趋势。岩浆Cl/F比值的降低可能由岩浆的析气作用以及Cl和F在岩浆和流体中的分配系数不同所致。S在岩浆期磷灰石和主矿化期磷灰石中均作为P的替位阳离子存在,但在两期磷灰石中替位机制不同,P-S替位的电荷平衡离子分别为Si和Na。在三期磷灰石中,主矿化期磷灰石S含量最高,而Cl含量显著低于岩浆期和钾化期磷灰石,这表明在主矿化期,Cu-S配合物可能是比Cu-Cl配合物更重要的金属搬运形式。  相似文献   

5.
陈振宇  曾令森  梁凤华  张泽明 《地质学报》2006,80(12):1842-1850
为探讨榴辉岩中磷灰石的矿物化学特征及榴辉岩中某些相关元素的地球化学行为,对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔500~540m深度的榴辉岩样品进行了岩石化学及磷灰石的矿物化学分析。这些榴辉岩具有不同的矿物组成和化学成分,并可据此分为上下两段,上段500~530m为正常榴辉岩,下段530~540m为高Ti榴辉岩和高Ti-Fe榴辉岩,其原岩可能为类似于辉长质和苦橄质的基性—超基性岩石。其中的磷灰石成分没有明显差别,均为氟—磷灰石,其富F贫Cl的特征可能是造成榴辉岩中高盐度流体包裹体和全岩高F低Cl的主要原因。磷灰石普遍含有一定的Sr、S、Fe元素,多数还含有Cu、Pb、Zn等元素。榴辉岩中P2O5含量与其F、Cl、Sr、S元素的相关程度表明,磷灰石是榴辉岩中F元素的最主要储存库,也是Sr元素的重要储存库之一,而对于Cl元素则只是部分控制,与S元素则没有相关性。榴辉岩中F、Sr及Cl元素的地球化学行为主要受控于磷灰石,因此,在榴辉岩从进变质—退变质过程中,这些元素的活动性直接受控于磷灰石的稳定性。  相似文献   

6.
磷灰石可以记录和保存岩浆和热液活动的信息。可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床磷灰石发育,为研究该矿床伟晶岩成岩成矿过程提供了优良的条件。已有对可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床磷灰石的研究集中在其稀土元素特征,较少讨论其对伟晶岩成岩成矿过程的制约。本文选取可可托海伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床富矿伟晶岩脉(3号脉)和相对贫矿伟晶岩脉(1号、2b号和3a号脉)中的磷灰石作为研究对象,进行磷灰石岩相学和地球化学研究。岩相学分析表明,磷灰石主要与钠长石、石英、白云母、锰铝榴石等伴生。EPMA分析显示,磷灰石F含量为3.67%~4.41%,Cl含量小于0.67%,较低的Cl含量表明伟晶岩熔体出溶的流体Cl含量较低;大部分磷灰石MnO含量为4.67%~8.71%,但2b号脉磷灰石MnO含量变化较大(1.23%~14.28%),这是由于2b号脉磷灰石具有分带结构,暗示其遭受后期热液作用,促使磷灰石溶解-再沉淀,导致MnO含量发生较大变化。LA-ICP-MS分析显示,贫矿伟晶岩脉磷灰石的稀土元素含量较低(180×10~(-6));相反,富矿伟晶岩脉磷灰石的稀土元素含量较高( 700×10~(-6)),并具有明显的四分组效应(TE_(1-3)平均值为1.7)。1号脉和3a号脉磷灰石均显示轻稀土元素富集,反映其形成过程中有含Cl热液的参与。3号脉磷灰石显示强烈Eu负异常和Ce正异常,而2b号脉磷灰石显示强烈Ce负异常和中等Eu负异常,这种Eu、Ce异常的差异可能与岩浆-热液阶段大量流体出溶密切相关。磷灰石的沉淀将导致热液中HF含量的降低,促使磷灰石周围铌钽矿结晶和Nb、Ta进入磷灰石中。可见,在伟晶岩形成过程中,磷灰石并非保持稳定,其分带结构和主微量成分变化记录了后期热液活动,暗示后期热液活动对伟晶岩的成矿具有重要作用。  相似文献   

7.
通过固相法合成了一系列氯羟磷灰石(ClHAp)固溶体,经FTIR表征发现,纯羟基磷灰石(HAp)的羟基振动频率为3572cm-1和632cm-1。当Cl-进入HAp晶体结构后,在3494cm-1和673cm-1处各出现新的吸收谱带,说明在其通道结构中形成[Cl…HO]氢键,导致羟基的伸缩振动向低频偏移,弯曲振动向高频偏移。与氟羟磷灰石的FTIR谱比较可知:ClHAp的羟基振动谱带的位置与数量主要受氢键和周围结构环境变化程度影响。  相似文献   

8.
本文重点对滇东地区原生磷块岩和风化富集磷块岩中磷灰石特征进行对比研究,总结磷灰石富集规律。首先按风化程度、矿石组分结构构造不同特点,将磷块岩划分为十种矿石自然类型。通过对不同成因类型磷灰石的化学成分分析、微量元素分析、拉曼光谱、EPR光谱、微形态和微组构研究,根据CO,OH ̄-,F ̄-的含量变化,将本区磷灰石划分为四个亚种,首次总结出磷灰石不同亚种与磷块岩类型之间成因内在联系。提出氟磷灰石主要形成于风化磷块岩中,碳氟磷灰石主要形成于原生沉积磷块岩中,羟碳氟磷灰石是组成原生菌藻磷块岩主要矿物的新认识。磷灰石的富集受内外因素的控制,滇池周边原生沉积磷块岩主要以碳酸盐类磷块岩为主,这种化学活性强的矿层为本区风化富集磷矿提供了极好的物质基础,再加上该区有利的气候、地形地貌、断裂构造及水文地质条件等,形成了优质风化磷矿。  相似文献   

9.
磷灰石单晶体同步辐射X射线荧光探针成分分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)探针技术对河北峪耳崖和甘肃大水两地花岗岩中单颗粒磷灰石的化学成分进行了分析。结果显示,磷灰石含有P、Cl、S、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Gd、Yb、Sr、Y、Zr、U、Th等多种元素,峪耳崖磷灰石富含Mn、Fe,大水磷灰石则富含As。峪耳崖花岗岩为S型,大水花岗岩为Ⅰ型,两地磷灰石在稀土元素(REE)含量上具有明显差别:大水磷灰石呈右倾的REE配分模式和明显的轻稀土(LREE)富集;而峪耳崖呈现上凸的REE配分模式和LREE亏损。依据磷灰石的REE配分模式可有效地区分不同类型的花岗岩,以此作为花岗岩岩浆演化的指示。  相似文献   

10.
太平洋深海沉积物中富集稀土元素(REY,包括钇),被认为是富有潜力的新型稀土资源。(含)沸石粘土、深海粘土和多金属软泥是主要的富含REY的沉积物类型,其中(含)沸石粘土和深海粘土在中、西北太平洋海盆大面积分布,而多金属软泥则多分布于靠近东太平洋洋脊热液活动的深海盆地中。目前关于中、西北太平洋海盆的深海粘土和(含)沸石粘土已有较多的研究,但关于多金属软泥中REY的研究较少。不同区域、不同类型深海沉积物中的稀土元素赋存状态有何差异?影响稀土富集的机制又是什么目前尚不清楚,也就进一步影响了对深海沉积物稀土资源的勘查和开发工作。本文分析对比了太平洋不同区域不同类型深海沉积物的地球化学特征及矿物学特征。结果表明,总体上,中、西北太平洋海盆深海沉积物中,尤其是(含)沸石粘土中的REY含量明显高于东太平洋海盆多金属软泥REY含量,其REY的富集主要与磷酸盐有关。超常富集REY(∑REY>2000×10^(-6))的沉积物中的CaO/P_(2)O_(5)比值趋向于一致(~1.4),几乎接近于磷灰石CaO/P2O5比值(~1.3),因此REY主要赋存载体为磷灰石,该区沉积物中REY的富集可能受到磷酸盐化的影响;东太平洋海盆多金属软泥明显受到热液影响,铁和锰的含量明显增加,但其∑REY含量集中于500×10^(-6)~800×10^(-6),不随铁和锰的增加而变化,REY的富集仍与磷酸盐关系密切,而与铁锰物质和铝硅酸盐关系不大。中、西北太平洋海盆富稀土的深海沉积物形成时处于较强的氧化环境,同时又有充足的含磷物质补给,才造成REY在该区沉积物中的超常富集;而东太平洋海盆多金属软泥虽然处于氧化环境,但缺少足够的磷补给,所以其∑REY含量通常低于中、西北太平洋海盆沸石粘土中∑REY含量。  相似文献   

11.
福建碧田Au-Ag-Cu矿床含金石英脉中磷灰石的阴极发光研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘晓东  华仁民 《矿物学报》2003,23(2):129-135
碧田Au Ag Cu矿床含金石英脉中的磷灰石在阴极射线激发下发明亮的黄绿色光 ,特征峰波长为 5 70~5 80nm。阴极发光 (CL)图像揭示了磷灰石的内部环带结构 ,不同环带微量和稀土元素含量具有明显的差异。发光带w(MnO) >0 .4%、n(Mn) /n(Fe) >2、n(Mn) /n(La+Ce) >4;Mn2 + 为CL的主要激发元素。磷灰石晶体结构中以LREE3 + +Si4+ =Ca2 + +P5+ 为主要的元素替代形式。磷灰石微量与稀土元素的分布特征表明 ,该矿床形成于近地表的低温热液体系 ,成矿流体在矿物共沉淀的晚期向富Si、Na方向演化。  相似文献   

12.
Geochemistry of the Hawi lavas,Kohala Volcano,Hawaii   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Hawi lavas form the late stage alkalic cap on Kohala Volcano and range in composition from hawaiite to trachyte. New, detailed field mapping of Kohala and reinterpretation of previously published age data suggest that there was no significant eruption hiatus between the Hawi and underlying Pololu shield lavas as was previously suggested. Mineral and whole-rock chemical data are consistent with a crystal fractionation origin for the hawaiite to trachyte compositional variation observed within the Hawi lavas. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, Ti-magnetite, olivine and apatite fractionation are needed to explain this variation. The clinopyroxene fractionation may have occurred at moderate pressure because it is virtually absent in these lavas and is not a near liquidus phase at pressures of less than 8 Kb. Plagioclase would be buoyant in the Hawi hawaiite magmas so a mechanism like dynamic flow crystallization is needed for its fractionation and to account for the virtual absence of phenocrysts in the lavas. Hawi lavas are distinct in Sr and Nd isotopic ratios and/or incompatible element ratios from the Pololu lavas. Thus they were derived from compositionally distinct sources. Compared to other suites of Hawaiian alkalic cap lavas, Hawi lavas have anomalously high concentrations of phosphorus and rare earth elements. These differences could be due to greater apatite content in the source for the Hawi lavas.  相似文献   

13.
X射线衍射分析和化学成分研究表明,磷灰石为氟磷灰石,榍石成分中存在着的主要类质同象替代是(Fe~(3+)、Al)+(F,OH)~-=Ti~(4+)+O~(2-)。磷灰石和榍石是碱性辉长岩的REE、Ba、Zr等微量元素的主要载体;它们是在较高氧逸度的条件下结晶的。磷灰石的Sr同位素特征说明形成双龙桥碱性辉长杂岩的物质来源于上地幔。  相似文献   

14.
In order to better constrain the evolution and petrogenesis of pegmatite, geochemical analysis was conducted on a suite of apatite crystals from the Altay Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite, Xinjiang, China and from the granitic and amphibolitic wall rocks. Apatite samples derived from pegmatite zones show convex tetrad effects in their REE patterns, extremely negative Eu anomalies and non-chondritic Y/Ho ratios. In contrast, chondritic Y/Ho ratios and convex tetrad effects are observed in the muscovite granite suggesting that different processes caused non-chondritic Y/Ho ratios and lanthanide tetrad effects. Based on the occurrence of convex tetrad effects in the host rocks and their associated minerals, we propose that the tetrad effects are likely produced from immiscible fluoride and silicate melts. This is in contrast to previous explanations of the tetrad effect; i.e. surface weathering, fractional crystallization and/or fluid-rock interaction. Additionally, we put forward that extreme negative Eu and non-chondritic Y/Ho in apatite are likely caused by the large amount of hydrothermal fluid exsolved from the pegmatite melts. Evolution of melt composition was found to be the primary cause of inter and intra-crystal major and trace element variations in apatite. Mn entering into apatite via substitution of Ca is supported by the positive correlation between CaO and MnO. Different evolution trends in apatite composition imply different crystallization environments between wall rocks and pegmatite zones. Based on the geochemistry of apatite samples, it is likely that there is a genetic relationship between the source of muscovite granite and the source of the pegmatite.  相似文献   

15.
At a glance of its stratighraphy, the Taftan Volcano can be classified as three groups: pre-, syn- and post-volcanic deposits. The pre-volcanic deposits consist mostly of flysch facies and colored mélange complex. The syn-volcanic deposits are mainly the product of the Taftan Volcano which is mostly composed of pyroclastic and lava flows from the main body of this volcano. The post-volcanic deposits are mostly epiclastic and reworked materials from the Taftan Volcano due to its erosion and weathering. Major and trace elements, and Sr/Rb isotopic compositions determined on whole-rock samples from the Taftan Volcano showed that the volcano was formed at the continental margin. The whole-rock isotopic composition of the Taftan Volcano showed a feature of strong enrichment with ^87Sr/^86Sr=0.705326-0.705921. Geochronological samples of the Tartan Volcano determined by the ^40K/^40Ar method gave an age range of 6.95±0.72 to 0.71±0.03 Ma. The rare-earth element patterns are characterized by high LREE and nearly strongly linear patterns for MREE to HREE, suggesting that distinctive minerals such as olivine and pyroxene crystallized in the early magmatic stage and then were involved in reaction between the lower crust and residual magma. The integrated isotope and trace element systematics and tectonic structure beneath the Taftan Volcano suggested the lower-crust assimilation by the primary magma. The primary magma had generated from a heterogeneous mantle source and a secondary petrogenetical process. This magma could have been affected by the subduction of the Oman Sea undemeath the continental Eurasia plate.  相似文献   

16.
Lascar Volcano (Atacama, Chile) erupted on 18–20 April 1993. Several sub-Plinian explosions occurred, and some were mushroom-shaped. The highest column rose up to 23 km. Ash clouds crossed South America eastwards. Dacite pumice falls made of blocks and ashes were deposited on the flanks of the volcano as a result of collapsed columns. The pumice contains phenocrysts of plagioclase, enstatite, augite, biotite, magnetite and ilmenite and small crystals of apatite. The 1992 previous andesite dome inside the crater was destroyed. Banded blocks resulting from mingling of the dacitic pumice and andesite from the dome are found in the pumice flow. Both the lava dome and the pumice are representative of the Lascar high-K magma unit. Dacitic pumice is a product of crystal fractionation of the andesitic magma.  相似文献   

17.
A variety of alkaline lavas from the Dunedin Volcano have been analyzed for the rare earth elements (REE) La-Yb. The compositions analyzed were: basalt-hawaiite-mugearite-benmoreite; basanite, nepheline hawaiite, nepheline trachyandesite and nepheline benmoreite; trachyte; phonolite. The series from basalt to mugearite shows continuous enrichment in the REE, consistent with a crystal fractionation model involving removal of olivine and clinopyroxene. From mugearite to benmoreite there is a depletion in the REE which is explained by the appearance of apatite as a liquidus phase. The chondrite normalized REE patterns for the phonolites are characterized by strong enrichment and fractionation coupled with a sharp depletion in Eu. Removal of plagioclase from benmoreite magma is suggested for the derivation of the phonolites. The series basanite-nepheline hawaiite, and basanite-nepheline hawaiite-nepheline benmoreite appear to be high pH2O analogues of the series basalt-ben-moreite, with enrichment of the REE being achieved by removal of clinopyroxene, kaersutite and olivine. Compared with other lavas the trachyte has low REE abundances and is characterized by a striking positive Eu anomaly.  相似文献   

18.
Carbonate fluorapatite has been synthesized in seawater in an experiment of nearly 10-years duration. The addition of phosphate to seawater whose fluoride concentration had been increased to 7.6 mg/l brought about an initial amorphous phosphate precipitate. After 20 months, a crystalline magnesium phosphate phase developed within the amorphous phosphate. Crystallization of apatite, which occurred during the last 3 years of the experiment, was accompanied by dissolution of the crystalline magnesium phosphate phase.The MgO content of the apatite (1.9 percent) is high in comparison to Tertiary and older apatite but similar to some young apatite; the CO2 content (3.6 percent) is medium, and the fluorine content (2.2 percent) is low but again similar to some young apatite. The hydroxyl ion (OH?) likely fills the need for additional fluorine-position atoms. The mole ratio of Ca plus substituent elements to P plus substituent elements (1.50) is low in comparison to the expected ratio of 1.67. The substitution of the hydronium ion (H3O+) for Ca may account for this difference.The synthesis of apatite in seawater demonstrates that the factor of time overcomes the well known inhibiting effect of magnesium upon the crystallization of apatite. It also implies that given an adequate supply of phosphate, apatite can form in most ocean environments and likely plays a major pan in the control of the phosphate content of seawater.  相似文献   

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