共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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本文针对1990年至1999年福建及沿海中强以上地震和台湾7.0级以上地震,利用“八五”攻关的水化多层次跟踪预报方法,研究福建水氡台网观测资料的异常频次变化特征和演化过程,总结其相应的映震特征。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(2):227-233
针对2015年4月25日尼泊尔8.1级地震前后在震中区附近出现的大范围热红外异常,以中国静止卫星FY-2C/E亮温资料为数据源,采用功率谱相对变化法进行数据处理和资料分析,结果表明:震前热异常具有显著的时空特征,异常范围呈不规则带状分布,且随时间推移逐渐扩大,至震时异常面积趋于峰值,震中始终位于异常区域的边缘部位,震后异常快速收缩减弱,直至完全消失。该次热异常变化表现为初步显现、加速发展至逐步衰减的过程,持续时间在45天以上,特征周期为16天,相对变化幅度达12倍多。通过相似震例对比研究发现,该次地震与汶川大地震的热红外时空演化特征存在一定共性,主要体现在热异常的演化过程、异常形态、发震时刻及震中位置与异常区域的关系上,仅特征周期和特征幅值有所不同,应与各区域应力变化、气候因素及特殊的地质环境相关。这些认识对热异常与地震三要素的关系判定有一定启示作用,对地震热红外监测预报工作具有重要意义。 相似文献
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地震前卫星红外异常特征分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对1999年以来发生在中国的几个强地震前的卫星热红外异常分析,得出认识:地震前增温异常具有时间上的突发性、形态上的孤立性、分布上的局限性、异常昼夜对比具有稳定性、异常位置具有迁移性和演变规律具有阶段性;不同构造区强地震前的卫星红外异常分布不同,沿海平原区表现为大范围的面状分布,而山区则以带状延伸为主;在强烈活动的断裂带,异常分布表现为与构造的密切相关性,断裂带内外亮温差分析法定量分析红外增温与活动断裂的时空关系,是提取震前增温异常的有效方法.活动断裂是红外异常反应的最敏感地带.在断裂变形的不同阶段,断裂带内外的卫星红外亮温关系是有差异的.在断裂活动的正常时期,断裂带内外亮温差在某一范围内波动,而在断裂活动的异常时期,断裂带内外亮温差变化到一个新的水平,断裂带内的增温将大于断裂带外的增温.2001年昆仑山8.1级地震和2000年云南姚安6.5级地震都是如此.利用发震断裂带内外亮温的相对变化提取异常信息,在大多数情况下可以消除地形和云层的影响. 相似文献
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地震的孕育发生过程伴随着构造运动、物质迁移和密度变化,将引起地球重力场变化,流动重力重复观测有可能捕捉到与地震孕育有关的前兆信息,从而为中短期地震预测提供重要依据.基于南北地震带2017-2020年的流动重力观测资料,获得了甘东南地区的区域重力场时空变化图像,分析了区域重力场动态变化及其与2019年甘肃夏河Ms 5.7地震发生的关系.结果 表明:①震前测区重力异常变化等值线与临潭—宕昌断裂走向基本一致,且在震中附近出现四象限分布特征,夏河Ms5.7地震发生在重力高梯度带和四象限中心附近;②地震前后区域重力场经历了"区域性重力异常—四象限分布特征—反向变化发震"的时空演化过程;③九寨沟地震的发生可能引起附近断层区域应力场的调整,从而加速了夏河地震的发生;④区域重力场时变与临潭—宕昌断裂在空间上有较好的对应,综合分析可认为该次地震的发震断裂为临潭—宕昌断裂. 相似文献
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《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》1997,(1)
一、引言 1995年7月至1996年2月7个月内,云南省境内由南向北连续发生中缅边境7.3级、武定6.5级、丽江7.0级地震,如此连发性地震在历史上也少有。震前断层形变测点均有较好的中期及短期前兆反应,云南省地震局曾将永胜测点的较大异常做为对中缅边境7.3级大震预测的重要依据之一,国家地震局地壳应力研究所又根据永胜巨大异常系列的发展曾对丽江7.0级地震进行过预测,国家地震局预报中心在震前又根据永胜变化进一步 相似文献
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汶川地震(MS 8.0)后甲烷等流体在地震中所起的作用引起国内外学者广泛关注,但是目前的观测研究中所用的数据多来源于地面或地下基站,站点分布零散,维护困难,难以开展大范围的实时监测。文中利用美国Aqua卫星红外探测器（AIRS）反演出的甲烷浓度数据,研究了芦山MS 7.0级地震前龙门山地区甲烷浓度的变化与震前大气增温异常的关系。研究表明,该探测器可以观测到震前地下甲烷的释放,为地震前兆监测提供新途径;芦山地震前甲烷释放受断裂带控制明显,主要集中于龙门山断裂、荥经-马边断裂和金坪断裂及其周边;震前大气增温异常与甲烷释放关系密切。最后探讨了地下甲烷等流体的释放机理,认为甲烷等流体的释放与地震前上地壳岩石中裂隙的发育和扩展有直接关系。 相似文献
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Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
Dimitar Ouzounov Defu Liu Kang Chunli Guido Cervone Menas Kafatos Patrick Taylor 《Tectonophysics》2007,431(1-4):211
Our analysis of the continuous outgoing long wave earth radiation (OLR) indicates anomalous variations prior to a number of medium to large earthquakes. The most recent analysis of OLR is from the M9.0 Sumatra Andaman Islands mega trust event. We compared the reference fields for December 2001 to 2004 and found OLR anomalous values, > 80 W/m2, (2σ) within the epicentral area on Dec 21, 2004, 5 days before the event. We used the NOAA/IR daily (one degree) and monthly (two and half degree) gridded data to differentiate between the global and seasonal variability and the transient local anomalies. The cause of such anomalies is not fully understood; one possible explanation is the existence of thermal outgoing radiation as a result of near ground air ionization and latent heat change due to change of air humidity and temperature. This phenomenon is hypothesized to be part of a relationship between tectonic stresses, electrochemical and thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere and increasing mid IR flux, all part of a family of electromagnetic (EM) phenomena related to earthquake activity. The time scale of the observed variations is a few weeks before the onset of the seismic event. In comparison with several years of data, the observed time-series preceding the earthquake had unusually high OLR. The OLR anomaly corresponds to a large area of ground coverage and coincides with the main epicentral zone. The significance of these observations is explored using data from most recent East Asian earthquake swarm of December 2004 and three other earthquakes. 相似文献
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Analysing pre-earthquake signals using satellite technology are getting importance among the scientific community, since round-the-clock survey for the wider region is possible compared to ground-based monitoring techniques. Several scientists are involved in various satellites and ground-based technologies to decode the complex physical mechanism of the earthquake process since 1980. They involved in measuring anomalous variations using space-based methodologies like EM signals, SAR interferometry, GPS for ionospheric sounding, satellite gravimetry, atmospheric sounding, Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), radon gas and seismo-tectonic clouds. In this paper, the authors have considered surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and OLR satellite data for detailed analysis of earthquakes took place during the year 2014 in Sumatra and Nicobar Is regions. At the surface and atmospheric interface, the anomalous variations in SLHF were observed prior to the occurrence of the earthquake. Similarly, anomalous variations in OLR have been observed 3–30 days prior to the big earthquakes and it is measured above the cloud level. From the analysis, the author has found that variations in the SLHF and OLR flux can be utilized as efficient tools to identify the impending big earthquakes. SLHF and OLR variation level can give us a clue about the probable magnitude of earthquakes and also about earthquake preparation zones. Hence, by correlating the above-mentioned parameters, it is potential to key out the impending earthquakes with reasonable accuracy.
相似文献13.
C. P. Simha G. Pavan Kumar P. Mahesh A. Navaneeth K. M. Rao B. K. Rastogi V. N. Sridhar A. K. Shukla 《Natural Hazards》2014,70(1):935-940
The present study purports the analysis of total electron content (TEC, which is one of the major ionosphere anomalies during the earthquake), sea surface temperature (SST) and outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) during the earthquake event recorded on 10 March 2013 (M = 6.5). Global assimilative ionosphere modelled output TEC values have been used for this present study; the clear signature of TEC during the recorded earthquake has been noticed (i.e. increase in TEC 60–70 TECU during the event). The correlation between the magnitude and location of earthquake with TEC is around 0.9, and the least correlation between SST and OLR is due to concerned atmospheric effects; we tried to study the variations of SST and OLR prior during and after the event from Kalpana satellite image products archived by IMD. 相似文献
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L.I. Morozova 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(4):416-423
We consider different kinds of linear cloud anomalies appearing in satellite images over active crustal faults. The spatiotemporal relationship between earthquakes and cloud anomalies was studied by statistical methods. It has been shown that these cloud anomalies in the atmosphere can be used for short-term prediction of the earthquake time and region. Also, we consider the earthquake-related evolution of the giant thunderstorm cloud near the epicenter before the earthquake. 相似文献
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Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Vineeta Rawat Arun K. Saraf Josodhir Das Kanika Sharma Yazdana Shujat 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(1):33-46
Cumulative stress energy in an earthquake preparation zone under operating tectonic force manifests various observable signs
of the impending earthquake, i.e., earthquake precursors. This energy transformation may result in enhanced transient thermal
infrared (TIR) emission, which can be detected through satellites equipped with thermal sensors like AVHRR (NOAA), MODIS (Terra/Aqua).
This paper presents observations made using NOAA-AVHRR data–derived land surface temperature (LST) and outgoing long-wave
radiation (OLR) values in case of two moderate earthquakes (22 July 2007, Yamnotri earthquake, India and 27 October 2004,
Vrancea earthquake, Romania) using anomalous TIR signals as reflected in LST rise and high OLR values can be seen conspicuously
and following similar growth pattern spatially and temporally. In both the cases, data analysis revealed a transient thermal
infrared rise in LST ranging 5–10°C around epicentral areas. The thermal anomalies started developing about 7–8 days prior
to the main event depending upon the magnitude and focal depth and disappeared after the main shock. Similarly, the OLR values
~30–45 W/m2 higher than the normal were observed 7–8 days prior to the main event. The rise in LST can be attributed to enhanced greenhouse
gas emission from the squeezed rock pore spaces and/or to the activation of p-holes in stressed rock volume and their further
recombination at rock-air interface. OLR is temperature and humidity dependent, and any change in these variables may be responsible
for anomalous OLR values. 相似文献
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Hundreds of natural catastrophes occur worldwide every year—there were 780 loss events per year on average over the last 10 years. Since 1980, these disasters have claimed over two million lives and caused losses worth US$ 3,000 billion. The deadliest disasters were caused by earthquakes: the tsunami following the Sumatra quake (2004) and the Haiti earthquake (2010) claimed more than 220,000 lives each. The Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011 was the costliest natural disaster of all times, with total losses of US$ 210 billion. Hurricane Katrina, in 2005, was the second costliest disaster, with total losses of US$ 140 billion (in 2010 values). To ensure that high-quality natural disaster analyses can be performed, the data have to be collected, checked and managed with a high degree of expertise and professionality. Scientists, governmental and non-governmental organisations and the finance industry make use of global databases that contain losses attributable to natural catastrophes. At present, there are three global and multi-peril loss databases: NatCatSERVICE (Munich Re), Sigma (Swiss Re) and EM-Dat (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). They are supplemented by numerous databases focusing on national or regional issues, certain hazards and specific sectors. This paper outlines the criteria and definitions relating to how global and multi-peril databases are operated, and the efforts being made to ensure consistent and internationally recognised standards of data management. In addition, it presents the concept and methodology underlying the NatCatSERVICE database, and points out the many challenges associated with data acquisition and data management. 相似文献
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The origin of the Woyla Terranes in Sumatra and the Late Mesozoic evolution of the Sundaland margin 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A. J. Barber 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2000,18(6):1024
The Jurassic–Cretaceous Woyla Group of northern Sumatra includes fragments of volcanic arcs and an imbricated oceanic assemblage. The arc rocks are intruded by a granitic batholith and are separated from the original continental margin of Sundaland by the oceanic assemblage. Rocks of the arc assemblage are considered to be underlain by a continental basement because of the occurrence of the intrusive granite and of tin anomalies identified in stream sediments. Quartzose sediments associated with the granite have been correlated with units in the Palaeozoic basement of Sumatra. From these relationships a model has been proposed in which a continental sliver was separated from the margin of Sundaland in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in an extensional strike-slip faulting regime, producing a short-lived marginal basin. The separated continental fragments have been designated the Sikuleh and Natal microcontinents. In the mid-Cretaceous the extensional regime was succeeded by compression, crushing the continental fragments back against the Sundaland margin, with the destruction of the marginal basin, now represented only by the imbricated oceanic assemblage. Modifications of this scenario are required by subsequent studies. Age-dating of the volcanic assemblage and intrusive granites in the Natal area showed that they formed part of an Eocene–Oligocene volcanic arc and are not relevant to the model. Thick-bedded radiolarian chert and palaeontological studies in the oceanic Woyla Group rocks of the Natal and Padang areas showed that they formed part of a more extensive and long-lived ocean basin which lasted from at least Triassic until mid-Cretaceous. This raised the possibility that the Sikuleh microcontinent might be allochthonous to Sumatra and encouraged plate tectonic reconstructions in which the Sikuleh microcontinent originated on the northern margin of Gondwanaland and migrated northwards across Tethys before colliding with Sundaland. Since these models were proposed, the whole of Sumatra has been mapped and units correlated with the Woyla Group have been recognised throughout western Sumatra. These units are reviewed and the validity of their correlation with the Woyla Group of northern Sumatra is assessed. From this review a revised synthesis for the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the southwestern margin of Sundaland is proposed. 相似文献
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Neeraj Awasthi Jyotiranjan S. Ray Amzad H. Laskar Madhusudan G. Yadava 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(1):59-66
Major earthquakes that trigger tsunamis are great natural hazards. The devastations caused by the December 26, 2004 Sumatran earthquake, and the March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake, and associated tsunamis will remain in our memories for a long time. Such events reaffirm the need for studying the cause and effects of large earthquakes of the past and to prepare the world better for the future. In such an effort, to understand the pattern of earthquakes and their effects on the geomorphic evolution, we have studied deformation history in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, located in one of the most active convergent margins of the world. Focusing on tectonically formed coastal terraces and determining the timing of their formation from the exposed dead corals, we have been able to reconstruct the history of major earthquakes in these islands for the last 40 kyr. Our results in conjunction with the existing radiocarbon age data from coastal terraces of these islands appear to suggest that the frequency of major earthquakes (M > 7) in the region has increased during the last 9 kyr. In confirmation with some earlier work, we find evidences for a major earthquake and a tsunami between 500-600 cal yr BP and possibly 4 others during 6–9 cal kyr BP. Our results also indicate that there has been a continuous subsidence of the south Andaman Islands. 相似文献