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1.
运用十二烷基磺酸钠和聚羟基硅铝对蒙脱石进行改性后的柱撑蒙脱石,分别研究了溶液的pH值,初始浓度和反应时间对Cu2 ,Cr3 和Cd2 三种重金属离子的吸附性能、平衡模型和动力学过程。结果表明:十二烷基磺酸钠柱撑蒙脱石对三种重金属离子都具有很强的吸附能力,聚羟基硅铝柱撑粘土次之;柱撑后的蒙脱石对单组分的重金属离子的吸附平衡方程符合Langmuir模型;吸附行为的动力学符合假一级动力学方程。柱撑粘土吸附去除水中重金属离子的实验研究@刘云$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,510640 @吴平霄$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,5…  相似文献   

2.
聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石吸附重金属离子实验研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
利用keggin离子对蒙脱石进行柱撑制得聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石,研究柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2+,Cd^2+,Cr^3+3种重金属离子的吸附。结果表明:未经焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2+,Cr^3+离子的吸附性要比原矿好,而经400℃下焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cd^2+则有更好的吸附性。用腐殖酸对柱撑蒙脱石改性能提高柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附性能,柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加。另外还对柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附动力学进行了研究.发现其动力学吸附过程可用Elovicb方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。  相似文献   

3.
蛭石矿物是我国的优势非金属矿种。本文从蛭石矿物的柱撑改性和对环境污染物的吸附性入手,系统综述了蛭石矿物的柱撑方法及改进方法;有机柱化剂在蛭石矿物层间域中的排布;蛭石矿物的柱撑机理以及蛭石矿物对重金属离子和毒害性有机污染物吸附特性。为拓展蛭石矿物的应用提供了较详尽的资料。  相似文献   

4.
采用不同添加量(1~4 mmol/g)的聚合羟基铝离子(Al13)柱撑改性膨润土,制得系列铝柱撑膨润土(Al13-Bent)。采用X射线衍射、热分析、N2吸脱附比表面积分析等表征分析了其结构特点,比较了不同添加量Al13-Bent对水中磷酸根与结晶紫的吸附性能。结果显示,随着Al添加量增大,Al13-Bent的比表面积增大,柱撑产物的底面间距在添加量为2 mmol/g后达到最大,稳定于1.9 nm左右。Al13-Bent对水中磷酸根的吸附效果好于原始膨润土,且随着Al含量增加而提高。Al13-Bent在低Al添加量下对水中结晶紫虽有较好的吸附能力,但其吸附性能相比于膨润土原土却有所下降。就其吸附机理来看,层间域内Al13离子表面羟基与层间阴离子促进了对阴离子含氧酸根的吸附;由于Al13柱撑后,层间可交换阳离子减少,导致对阳离子型染料的吸附性能下降。  相似文献   

5.
以钠基蒙脱石为原料,采用共聚法合成镍铝柱化剂,利用离子交换法制备镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。通过研究不同镍铝物质的量比例和不同NaOH的量对柱撑蒙脱石制备的影响,并对其孔道结构进行探讨。XRD结果表明,当镍铝物质的量比为1∶6、加入75mlNaOH时,可得到(001)面网层间距达1.8940nm的镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。FT-IR显示,镍铝基聚合羟基阳离子进入蒙脱石层间,柱撑蒙脱石的基本结构并未发生改变。对柱撑前后蒙脱石的比表面积和孔径结构进行分析,发现镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石比表面积为169.68m2/g,平均孔径为4.120nm,说明镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积,较小且均匀的孔径分布,是一种合适的催化和吸附材料。  相似文献   

6.
通过铝盐与蒙脱石(Na-Mt)反应制备了铝柱撑蒙脱石(Al-Mt),同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)对在不同温度(200~600℃)下煅烧获得的铝柱撑蒙脱石产物(At-Mt-X)进行表征。探讨Fe(Ⅱ)与Al-Mt-X所形成的复合系统对邻硝基苯酚(2-NP)的吸附-还原降解行为,包括铝柱撑蒙脱石的煅烧温度、煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石的表面酸位变化以及溶液pH值等条件对邻硝基苯酚还原转化的影响。结果表明,由于随着煅烧温度的升高,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石表面酸性位点会逐渐减少,使得其对Fe(Ⅱ)的还原性能增强;煅烧温度高于500℃时,煅烧改性产物与Fe(Ⅱ)形成的Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统显著提高了Fe(Ⅱ)物种的还原活性,因而有效增强对2-NP的还原降解。此外,Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统对2-NP的还原降解符合准一级反应动力学方程,表观速率常数(k)随pH值和铝柱撑蒙脱石煅烧温度的升高而增大。作为一种功能性矿物材料,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石在缺氧环境下能有效促进吸附态Fe(Ⅱ)物种对污染物的还原降解,煅烧温度与pH值是其中两个重要的制约因素。  相似文献   

7.
以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,钠基蒙脱石为载体,应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛(TiO2)柱撑蒙脱石纳米复合材料(TiO2-MMT)。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能量散色谱和透射电子显微镜等分析手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,样品晶相主要由锐钛矿型TiO2和蒙脱石组成;TiO2-MMT呈层片状结构,TiO2柱撑到蒙脱石(MMT)层间,且MMT的(001)晶面间距明显增大;钛与蒙脱石比例、柱撑温度、柱化剂陈化时间、烘干温度、煅烧温度仅对蒙脱石(001)面的晶面间距有影响,且随着钛与蒙脱石比值的增大、柱化温度的升高,陈化时间的延长,晶面间距也逐渐增大。应用静止浸渍法测试了TiO2-MMT对铅、铬和铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明,TiO2-MMT对铅离子的吸附率达到99.8%,吸附固化效果优于钠基蒙脱石。  相似文献   

8.
TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC~2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主.  相似文献   

9.
柱撑蒙脱石制备与表征   总被引:47,自引:2,他引:47  
吴平霄  肖文丁 《矿物学报》1997,17(2):200-207
本文采用多种方法制备keggin离子,并探索出制备稳定keggin离子的适宜酸碱度,用此柱化剂制备出层间距为2.4~2.5nm的柱撑蒙脱石。应用X射线走向衍射技术、红外光谱、差热分析对往撑蒙脱石进行表征,用BET、吡啶吸附考察了其表面物理化学性质。结果表明,用Keggin离子制备出的柱撑蒙脱石其层间距在自然状态下为2.4~2.5nm,350C灼烧,层间距稳℃定在1.8nm,且具有耐热性能好、较大的比表面积和较强的Lewis酸位中心等特点.  相似文献   

10.
柱撑蒙脱石吸附水中硫酸根离子的实验研究   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18  
刘桂荣  廖立兵 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):470-472
在实验条件下,制备了两种柱撑蒙脱石,用X射线衍射分析和BET N2比表面积分析对其进行了表征,并对水中的硫酸根离子进行了吸附试验,通过正交实验研究了柱撑蒙脱石对水中硫酸根离子的吸附率、吸附容量及其与硫酸根离子初始浓度、PH值、吸附时间等因素间的关系,确定了它们吸附硫酸根离子的适宜条件,并与钠蒙脱石对水中硫酸根离子的吸附情况进行了对比。在此基础上初步探讨了吸附的机理,认为A13及Al2O3柱撑蒙脱石具有很强的吸附硫酸根离子的能力,在pH分别为4和5时硫酸根离子去除效果最好。  相似文献   

11.
高岭土/胡敏酸复合体对重金属离子吸附解吸实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文利用高岭土对胡敏酸吸附形成稳定的有机一无机络合物,研究了高岭土/胡敏酸复合体对Cu^2+、Cd^2+和Cr^2+的吸附。结果表明,胡敏酸对高岭土改性后能提高上述三种重金属离子的吸附性能,高岭土/胡敏酸复合体对三种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加,随离子强度的增加而减小。本文还研究了高岭土/胡敏酸复合体对上述三种重金属离子的吸附动力学,发现吸附过程可用Elovich方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。  相似文献   

12.
The present work discusses the mineralogy, saturated adsorption of ammonium and adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cu^2+, Pb^2+ and Zn^2+) on industrial vermiculite samples from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The saturated adsorption capacity of ammonium and the affection factors of adsorption of Cu^2+, Pb^2+ and Zn^2+ are discussed on the basis of the mineralogical characteristics of the industrial vermiculite samples. The saturated adsorption capacities of ammonium are between 56.02 and 98.42 mmol/100g. The time of adsorption equilibrium is about 30-60 min, and the pH values and concentration of the ion solution significantly affect the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal ions. The adsorption capabilities of the heavy metal ions on industrial vermiculite are almost the same in the low ion concentration solutions, characterized by a sequence of Zn^2+〉Pb^2+〉Cu^2+ for adsorption capacity in solutions with relatively high ion concentration. The results have practical significance for the application of the industrial vermiculite to treating wastewater containing ammonium or heavy metal ions.  相似文献   

13.
Ruppia maritima and Echinodorus amazonicus were prepared in a dehydrated powder form. The characteristics and mechanisms of adsorption of heavy metals were studied under various pH values, reaction times, and heavy metal ion concentrations. The results showed that under different pH and reaction time conditions, heavy metal adsorption was lead > cadmium > zinc > copper. The adsorption of lead increased linearly with the lead concentration. For cadmium, zinc and copper, the adsorption was saturated when metal ion concentration exceeded 200 mg/L. When a Freundlich model was applied, R 2 values for the heavy metal adsorption by the aquatic plants mostly exceeded 0.9. The adsorption of heavy metal ions by these two aquatic plant powders was better explained by the Lagergren second-order equation than the first-order equation. From the Fourier Transform Infrared spectra, there was an adsorption peak at 2,115 cm?1 for R. maritima. The peak shape did not change with metal affiliation except there was a shift of peak wavelength before adsorption. The results indicate that the mechanism of heavy metal adsorption by the two species is not simply on the mono-molecular layer level, and that intra-particulate dispersal is the dominant process. Heavy metal pollution does not affect the basic chemical components, and major substances involved in heavy metal adsorption including carbohydrates, cell wall pectin, and protein functional groups.  相似文献   

14.
泥沙吸附重金属污染物室内静态试验研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
从吸附反应动力学方程和质量守恒方程出发,导得室内静态试验中泥沙吸附量和水相重金属浓度随时间变化的计算公式,并得出泥沙平衡吸附量和水相平衡浓度随泥沙吸附特性、水相重金属离子初始浓度和泥沙浓度变化的计算公式。结合室内试验,认为泥沙浓度不影响吸附特性参数,如饱和吸附量b、吸附-解吸速率常数k及吸附速率系数k1.  相似文献   

15.
由于重金属镉离子的吸附性能较差、毒性大,因此,寻找镉离子的高效吸附材料具有重要现实意义。本文开展巯基硅烷对高岭石的嫁接改性研究,经红外光谱测试证实,成功将巯基引入到高岭石表面。同时,硅烷改性对高岭石晶体结构没有产生影响。通过批量实验考察了高岭石和巯基硅烷改性高岭石(K-SH)对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附特征,主要探讨了p H值、时间对吸附效率的影响。矿物对Cd2+的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温方程更符合Langmuir模型,并估算的K-SH的最大吸附量是4.375 mg/g,比高岭石的大近20倍。改性高岭石表面嫁接了巯基后,可为高岭石吸附Cd(Ⅱ)提供大量的新吸附位点,通过配位复合作用显著提高对镉离子的吸附固定能力。因此,巯基硅烷改性高岭石是一种有应用前景的土壤修复材料。  相似文献   

16.
以具有片状或层状结构以及较为规整的大孔结构的粘土材料为母体,在其层间引入不同阳离子化合物为柱化剂而合成出性能各异的新型柱撑粘土 (pillared clay)复合材料及其应用是目前环境地球化学研究中备受瞩目的研究前沿之一.对柱撑粘土复合材料的制备进展及其在环境污染治理中的应用进展进行了系统的综述,详细探讨了各种合成影响因素如有机阳离子、无机阳离子以及两者联用柱化剂的选择、复合材料热处理过程、表面酸化预处理等手段对合成柱撑粘土复合材料的制备及性能的影响,同时还对柱撑粘土复合材料在水体和大气环境中毒害有机污染物治理方面的应用进行了比较详细的综述.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the absorption efficacy of H. fusiformis biochar (HFB) for the removal of phenol and heavy metals from single and mixed solute systems of these species under different experimental conditions. The effects of contact time, pH change, initial phenol concentration, and heavy metal concentration on the adsorption capacity of HFB were investigated. The kinetics and equilibrium models of sorption of the components of the single and mixed solute systems on HFB were also studied. The experimental data were fitted to kinetic and equilibrium models. The batch experiments revealed that 360 min of contact time was sufficient to achieve equilibrium for the adsorption of both phenol and heavy metals. The adsorption of phenol and nickel by HFB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which was quite adequate for describing the adsorption mechanism. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenol and heavy metals fit well to the Langmuir model with regression coefficients of R 2 > 0.819. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities were 10.39, 12.13, 22.25, 2.24, 2.89, and 22.03 mg/g for phenol, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. Moreover, HFB exhibited optimal sorption under slightly acidic conditions at pH 6. The HFB used in the present study exhibited higher adsorption capacity for the removal of phenol and heavy metals from aqueous solutions compared to documented sorbents. These results demonstrate that HFB is potentially useful for alleviating the harmful effects of phenol and heavy metal in wastewater treatment systems.  相似文献   

18.
The increase in heavy metal contamination in freshwater systems causes serious environmental problems in most industrialized countries, and the effort to find eco-friendly techniques for reducing water and sediment contamination is fundamental for environmental protection. Permeable barriers made of natural clays can be used as low-cost and eco-friendly materials for adsorbing heavy metals from water solution and thus reducing the sediment contamination. This study discusses the application of permeable barriers made of vermiculite clay for heavy metals remediation at the interface between water and sediments and investigates the possibility to increase their efficiency by loading the vermiculite surface with a microbial biofilm of Pseudomonas putida, which is well known to be a heavy metal accumulator. Some batch assays were performed to verify the uptake capacity of two systems and their adsorption kinetics, and the results indicated that the vermiculite bio-barrier system had a higher removal capacity than the vermiculite barrier (+34.4 and 22.8 % for Cu and Zn, respectively). Moreover, the presence of P. putida biofilm strongly contributed to fasten the kinetics of metals adsorption onto vermiculite sheets. In open-system conditions, the presence of a vermiculite barrier at the interface between water and sediment could reduce the sediment contamination up to 20 and 23 % for Cu and Zn, respectively, highlighting the efficiency of these eco-friendly materials for environmental applications. Nevertheless, the contribution of microbial biofilm in open-system setup should be optimized, and some important considerations about biofilm attachment in a continuous-flow system have been discussed.  相似文献   

19.
有机化膨润土对水中金属离子的吸附及其表征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过正交实验研究了有机膨润土对水溶液中金属离子吸附的主要影响因素;将原矿和有机土进行了IR和XRD表征;测定了溶液酸度和溶液中金属离子浓度对有机膨润土吸附效果的影响;考察了有机膨润土的粒径和吸附次数对吸附效果的影响,以此论证新疆夏子街钠基膨润土及有机化膨润土对水溶液中各金属离子的吸附能力。实验结果表明:有机化膨润土对水溶液中Cr6 、Hg2 、Cu2 和Zn2 金属离子的去除率都比原土有显著提高;溶液的pH值对吸附效果影响较大;有机膨润土吸附量对数与Cr6 、Hg2 、Cu2 金属离子平衡浓度对数的吸附等温线近似成直线,符合吸附等温方程;金属离子浓度对有机膨润土吸附效果的影响趋势是Cr6 >Hg2 >Cu2 ;有机膨润土对金属离子吸附能力大小是Hg2 >Cu2 >Cr6 ,吸附速率大小是Cr6 >Hg2 >Zn2 。有机膨润土的粒径对吸附效果影响较小。  相似文献   

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