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1.
叠后地震反演方法适用于纵波和横波地震资料的反演,但对转换波地震资料却不适用。为了实现利用转换波剖面得到横波波阻抗信息,通过建立转换波反射系数和横波反射系数之间的关系,直接从转换波地震数据中获取横波反射系数,把转换波叠后波阻抗反演问题转化为横波波阻抗反演问题。基于测井约束反演原理,利用横波反射系数和转换波解释层位建立初始横波波阻抗模型,优选反演处理参数,实现转换波叠后横波波阻抗反演。含煤地层转换波横波波阻抗反演结果,为进一步研究岩性参数比属性奠定了基础。和横波勘探相比,转换波勘探施工方便,工作成本相对低廉,因此利用转换波叠后地震反演获得横波波阻抗,是一种经济的办法。但由于在计算横波反射系数时采用了近似公式,所以反演结果精度会受到一定影响。 相似文献
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The shallow subsurface structures of the offshore Nile Delta particularly in the southeastern Mediterranean were dealt through the interpretation of 40 two-dimensional seismic reflection lines. The interpretations of seismic reflection data indicated that the principle sedimentary processes affecting the study area include three main structural groups according to their origin and development. The first group of structures comprises of gravity-driven structures, which include slides, slumps, turbidities, and debris flow. Slides are present in three different forms on seismic sections: slide sheets, slides with scar, and wedges of slide materials. Slumps have many geometrical shapes: lenses, spoon-shaped slumps, and slumped blocks bound by growth faults. Debris flows are present as transparent unit (due to the dispersion of seismic waves at debris boundaries), whereas turbidities appear on the seismic profiles, which are formed of closely spaced parallel thin reflectors analogous to their thin stratified bedded layers. The second group of structures is syn-depositional structures, which include growth faults, and tilted and rotated fault blocks. Growth faults are listric in shape and usually dip seaward; displacements along the fault plane increase with depth. Some of these faults are incipient, and some are complicated and intersected by secondary antithetic faults. Most of the growth faults soles out basin wards and in the evaporites layer. Fault blocks are formed due to the Messinian evaporite movement vertically and horizontally due to its mobility as a consequence to the pressure resulted from the overloading of Pliocene sediment. The third group of structures comprises evaporite flow structures such as diapiric structures and graben collapse structures. The surface of the Messinian evaporites was folded during its flow as a consequence to the lateral compression acted on the mobile strata of the Messinian evaporites to form diapiric triangular structures and creates a stress zone faulting and fractures system. These conditions led to the formation of collapse structures or graben collapse structures. 相似文献
3.
原始地震数据中饱含丰富的反映相位的走时信息和反映反射率的振幅信息。基于波场延拓理论的波动方程保幅地震偏移成像,是在给出正确构造成像位置的同时也给出真实反射振幅的有效完善。基于全声波方程,利用严格的解耦理论进行单程波动保幅分解,得到一个由波场传播项与振幅补偿项构成的,在走时与振幅上满足全声波方程对应的程函方程与输运方程的保幅单程波动方程;利用摄动理论进行单平方根算子渐进展开,推导出基于保幅波动方程的广义高阶屏地震偏移算子方程。模型测试和实际资料处理表明,该方法不但可以凭借更准确的相位归位和散射能量聚焦提高构造成像精度,而且输出了能更正确反映地下反射属性的能量信息,从而可以为更深层次的勘探开发,提供地球物理技术支撑。 相似文献
4.
裂缝密度是定量预测裂缝性储层的重要参数之一。Varela利用方位角上的反射系数,运用SVD方法反演HTI介质裂缝密度。笔者将不同方位角测线中两两相交测线的反射系数做差,对反射系数差值运用SVD方法反演HTI介质裂缝密度,各向异性参数在做差后的反射系数中具有更显著的作用。笔者首先针对2种方法的基本原理进行了阐述,然后进行数值计算,并对反射系数存在随机扰动情况下2种方法的反演结果进行对比,最后对笔者提出的改进方法进行稳定性分析。反演结果显示：噪声较小时,2种方法的反演结果都接近真实值,然而当增大噪声时,改进的方法比原方法反演结果更好,因此改进的方法比原方法更具有抗噪能力;随着相交测线夹角的增大,改进的方法受随机扰动影响的稳定性增强,在方位正交时受随机扰动的影响最小;纵波高信噪比AVA数据越多,反演的结果越稳定。 相似文献
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转换波AVA反演是利用转换波资料获取地下弹性参数的有效手段,AVA道集的准确抽取是利用AVA道集进行转换波资料反演的前提。基于模型抽取共转换点道集的处理思路是：首先依据目的层构造模型,采用基于模型的转换波速度分析方法获取目标层的纵横波速度比,在此基础上计算各道对应的转换点位置,进而抽取共转换点道集;以获得的共转换点道集为输入数据,采用三参量速度分析与动校正技术实现转换波资料动校正;在均方根意义下通过求取转换波的射线路径获得入射角信息并最终抽取转换波AVA反演道集。另外为消除因入射角分布不均造成的空道现象,提出了大面元法,该方法不仅对缺失的入射角有补偿作用,还能在一定程度上提高地震资料的信噪比。 相似文献
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横波（S波）为偏振波,具有不同于纵波（P波）的特性,对于地震探测具有特殊的意义.在被动源地震探测中已得到广泛的应用,如接收函数、S波分裂等.在主动源（气枪）海底地震（OBS）探测中,震源在水中,S波为地层转换波,其应用还不多.本文在介绍转换S波的产生、模式、处理和识别的基础上,以实例为切入点简述其具体应用.这些应用主要是基于1D/2D转换S波,用于揭示海底岩石类型、推断地壳性质、共轭陆缘问题、判定地幔蛇纹石化、估算天然气水合物的饱和度和预测流体等.目前在南海已获得了大量的2D和3D的OBS转换S波数据,可将转换S波的研究逐步从2D发展到3D研究,同时结合其他地球物理资料进行共同分析.利用转换S波的研究,有利于揭示南海扩张停止后形成的海山下不同地层的岩性和判定上地幔低速的性质等. 相似文献
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江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩下二维广角地震初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江汉油田江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩发育,利用常规地震资料很难得到高速玄武岩下的地震反射。分析研究表明,广角地震有利于玄武岩下的地震成像。通过综合正演和实际地震数据完成了广角地震资料的处理,获得了江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩下的反射地震信息。在开展广角地震波场的识别和利用研究过程中,从正演模型出发,探讨了在不同地质条件下高速层对地震波场的影响,并针对靶区资料讨论了如何识别广角地震信息。在上述基础上,通过对实际地震资料做精细的分析和处理,最终完成了高速玄武岩下地震资料的成像。 相似文献
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Newly released seismic reflection data from the northern Jura Mountains and southern Rhine Graben provide the first high‐quality subsurface images from this area. These throw light on the details of the fault patterns in the area, and show that the Ferrette and Le Glaserberg Jura structures are largely the result of thrust faulting. However, the faults differ in their nature from those usually assumed in Jura tectonics: they are not low‐angle thrusts converging on a decollement zone in Triassic evaporites. They appear instead to be high‐angle faults that cross the entire sedimentary section, indicating that thick‐skinned tectonics prevailed in this part of the Jura. Embryonic Jura folds can be seen on the images from the nearby Mulhouse Horst, folds that are not supported by thickened Triassic evaporites. The existence of recent earthquake activity, taken together with the prevalence of thick‐skinned tectonics, suggests that occasional large earthquakes cannot be ruled out in this area. 相似文献
10.
动校正速度的求取是三维转换波数据处理的重要环节,其精度高低对转换波的叠加成像质量影响很大。理论上转换波的速度求取受包括界面倾角在内的多种因素影响,但实际应用时这些因素往往被忽略。为证明倾角对动校速度的影响程度,依据前人的研究成果,模拟倾斜地层计算了不同倾角条件下二维测线CCP道集、三维全方位CCP道集PS波动校正速度,并对由不同倾角引起的计算精度差异进行了研究。研究结果表明,对于二维转换波CCP道集,界面倾角不同,动校拉平的速度会差别较大,即使如此也总能实现很大倾角范围内的CCP道集的同相叠加,获得较好的成像质量;对于三维全方位CCP道集,当界面倾角超过一定范围,无论怎样进行精细扫描,得到的都只能是适合特定方位的速度,无法得到适合任意方位的动校扫描速度,随着界面倾角的减小,利用速度扫描的办法可以在一定的偏移距范围内将来自不同方位的记录较平,界面倾角越小,可以校平的偏移距越大;另外由于道集内的地震记录依赖视倾角的动校正速度,在反射界面倾斜的情况下,方位不同,动校正速度不同,致使二维反射PS波资料往往比三维反射PS波资料容易叠加成像。 相似文献
11.
Understanding intrasalt structure may elucidate the fundamental kinematics and, ultimately, the mechanics of diapir growth. However, there have been relatively few studies of the internal structure of salt diapirs outside the mining industry because their cores are only partly exposed in the field and poorly imaged on seismic reflection data. This study uses 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the São Paulo Plateau, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil to document the variability in intrasalt structural style in natural salt diapirs. We document a range of intrasalt structures that record: (i) initial diapir rise; (ii) rise of lower mobile halite through an arched and thinned roof of denser, layered evaporites, and emplacement of an intrasalt sheet or canopy; (iii) formation of synclinal flaps kinematically linked to emplacement of the intrasalt allochthonous bodies; and (iv) diapir squeezing. Most salt walls contain simple internal anticlines. Only a few salt walls contain allochthonous bodies and breakout-related flaps. The latter occur in an area having a density inversion within the autochthonous salt layer, such that upper, anhydrite-rich, layered evaporites are denser than lower, more halite-rich evaporites. We thus interpret that most diapirs rose through simple fold amplification of internal salt stratigraphy but that locally, where a density inversion existed in the autochthonous salt, Rayleigh–Taylor overturn within the growing diapir resulted in the ascent of less dense evaporites into the diapir crest by breaching of the internal anticline. This resulted in the formation of steep salt-ascension zones or feeders and the emplacement of high-level intrasalt allocthonous sheets underlain by breakout-related flaps. Although regional shortening undoubtedly occurred on the São Paulo Plateau during the Late Cretaceous, we suggest this was only partly responsible for the complex intrasalt deformation. We suggest that, although based on the Santos Basin, our kinematic model may be more generally applicable to other salt-bearing sedimentary basins. 相似文献
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影响薄互层地震反射波特征因素分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对楔状模型,两层,多层介质等厚或不等厚模型和实际井中反射系数序列的频谱分析,和对用不同主频不同类型,不同衰减系数子波的合成记录剖面的波形分析以及合成记录的频谱分析,初步认为,薄互层的单层时间厚度,子结构厚度是决定反射波特征,频谱特征的基础,薄互层的互层数,入射子波是重要的影响因素;在目前的常规地震勘探中,薄互层地震反射波多以时间不可分辨的面貌出现,因此为了得到特定薄互层结构的可分辨的最佳图像, 相似文献
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多波多分量地震勘探技术是一种综合利用纵波、转换波等多种地震波进行精细探测的有效方法。转换波的分离提取处理步骤至关重要,用地质模型的多分量模拟数据,对P—SV转换波的分离提取方法进行了处理试验。根据试验结果认为,多波多分量数据波场的不同特征可采用不同的分离方法。 相似文献
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在反射波地震勘探中,能观测到输入大地中的地震波在介质的分界面上的反射,这些反射组成的时间序列就是地震记录,而记录上所显示的反射序列可以看作是地下介质的脉冲响应。TEM电磁波场源同样存在二次波和透射波,从电磁波和弹性波在介质中传播的相似性角度认识,存在二次场拟地震解释的条件。其中,对它们的反射系数函数的对比分析,是认识两者有机地联系的关键。本文就是基于上述理论,运用解释地震资料的方法解释电磁法资料。 相似文献
15.
We present the influence of mineralogy and microstructure on the seismic velocity anisotropy of evaporites. Bulk elastic properties and seismic velocities are calculated for a suite of 20 natural evaporite samples, which consist mainly of halite, anhydrite, and gypsum. They exhibit strong fabrics as a result of tectonic and diagenetic processes. Sample mineralogy and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) were obtained with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and the data used for seismic velocity calculations. Bulk seismic properties for polymineralic evaporites were evaluated with a rock recipe approach. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were also taken on cube shaped samples to assess the contribution of grain-scale shape preferred orientation (SPO) to the total seismic anisotropy. The sample results suggest that CPO is responsible for a significant fraction of the bulk seismic properties, in agreement with observations from previous studies. Results from the rock recipe indicate that increasing modal proportion of anhydrite grains can lead to a greater seismic anisotropy of a halite-dominated rock. Conversely, it can lead to a smaller seismic anisotropy degree of a gypsum-dominated rock until an estimated threshold proportion after which anisotropy increases again. The difference between the predicted anisotropy due to CPO and the anisotropy measured with ultrasonic velocities is attributed to the SPO and grain boundary effects in these evaporites. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a structural evolution study of the Farasan Bank using an integration of field work, remote sensing data, and regional Bouguer gravity data interpretation. The architecture of the Farasan Islands is influenced by normal faults parallel to the Red Sea rift axis delineating a series of graben and asymmetric half-graben structures as well as salt domes. Geological data suggest that the negative gravity anomaly over the Farasan Bank reflects thick salt deposits. The gravity data shows a general NW-SE trend with the main negative anomaly coincident with the Farasan Islands. Gravity data together with seismic reflection data suggest that salt diapirs are elongated and parallel to the main rift orientation (NW-SE). This indicates that salt deposition and diapirism was controlled by rift-related basement structures. Forward modeling of gravity data constrained by marine seismic reflection interpretation reveals that the evaporites directly overlie the basement in most places. No pre-evaporite formation was detected. Integration of the modeling with field observations and interpretations suggests that the Farasan Islands are in an area of active extension. Extension and salt diapirism on the flank of the mid-ocean ridge is likely to be synchronous with renewed spreading at 5 Ma. 相似文献
17.
井间地震串联滤波波场分离方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
严又生 《物探化探计算技术》1997,19(3):210-215
本文根据井间地震波场响应以及多种波场分离方法的性能，采用基于Ｋ－Ｌ变换的特征向量滤波与中值滤波相结合的串联滤波方法分离井间地震观测到的上、下行反射波。数值计算结果表明：在波场分离过程中，由于同时综合考虑了地震波能量主分量分布以及反射波同相轴时差两个参数，使得分离效果明显、处理更为简便，具有滤波特征矢量的选取条件更为宽松、无需精确确定拉平轴的时间等特点。 相似文献
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含流体薄层时移地震AVA/AVF特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着地震勘探的不断深入,对薄互层反射机理的研究变得越来越重要。为了准确获得薄层的频率特性并了解其时移变化规律,本文从弹性波动理论出发,讨论分析了薄层的反射AVA/AVF(amplitude variation with incident angle/amplitude variation with frequency)特征,并进行了数值模拟实验予以验证;基于实际测井资料和岩石物理等效介质理论,分析了含流体薄层的时移地震AVA/AVF特征。研究表明:薄层厚度和频率对薄层反射振幅响应的影响是等价的。随着薄层厚度的增加,薄层反射频率特性逐渐出现周期性变化;随着入射角度的增加,薄层反射频率特性逐渐向高频方向延伸。在薄层油气藏注水开发过程中,随着含水饱和度的增大,薄层反射P波频率特性向高频方向延伸,而薄层反射P-SV波频率特性基本保持不变。 相似文献
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基于BISQ模型双相各向同性介质中地震波数值模拟 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
基于BISQ机制,推导了双相各向同性介质中弹性波数值模拟方程,并借助交错网格有限差分方法进行了波场模拟。证实了三种波(快纵波、慢纵波、横波SV)的存在和波场特征;在合成地震记录中,观测列三种波的反射,由于各种波相互之间的转换,转换波在地震记录中显示也很清楚,这使得波场变得更为复杂化。 相似文献