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1.
生物氧化锰矿物的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物氧化锰矿物具有很强的氧化、催化及吸附能力,对表生元素地球化学循环有重要驱动作用,在环境科学领域具有重要应用价值。本文通过应用文献计量学方法对2001—2010年、2011—2020年生物氧化锰矿物国内外研究状况进行归纳分析,发现对生物氧化锰矿物的研究具有如下较为突出的特点:1)未命名的锰矿物较多;2)诱导矿化微生物物种范围扩大;3)微生物驱动锰氧化机制增多。作者提出需要在以下几方面开展进一步的研究:1)微生物驱动机制仍需更深层次完善;2)较为单一的室内实验与自然环境微生物诱导锰矿化存在较大差异;3)自然界微生物诱导形成的锰矿物与室内单一条件试验诱导合成的锰矿物在结构类型的不同。 相似文献
2.
以广西靖西县湖润锰矿床为研究基础，考查了矿床的基本地质特征，简要分析了矿床的成因。为了了解近地表氧化锰矿的形成机理，利用从该矿矿坑水中分离出的两种锰的氧化细菌（Metallogenium Symbioticum和Hyphomicrobium Vulgare)进行了一些锰的氧化实验。实验结果表明这两种细菌对锰具有明显的氧化作用，结合矿床的其他方面特征，认为自然界中微生物在锰的氧化富集过程中起着积极的作用，作用表现在两个方面：一方面微生物可以直接对锰进行氧化，使原生碳酸锰矿转变为氧化锰矿；另一方面微生物又可以改变环境的pH值，促进锰的化学氧化。 相似文献
3.
新生代深海铁锰矿床的大规模成矿是地质历史上特有的现象,其形成的海底铁锰结核/结壳因富含巨量的有用金属而备受关注。水成型铁锰成矿的胶体成因模型自20世纪90年代中期提出以来已被广泛接受并采用。随着近20年来纳米地球科学的迅速发展,人们意识到纳米颗粒作为胶体的最小部分,能够以其独特的性质显著影响铁锰成矿过程。通过总结已有研究,发现铁氧化物与锰氧化物会以纳米颗粒的形式普遍共存于多种表生地质环境,还证实了水成型铁锰结核/结壳中的主要铁锰矿物（如水羟锰矿和水铁矿）都是纳米颗粒。铁氧化物纳米颗粒对二价锰[Mn(Ⅱ)]的表面催化氧化可能是水成型铁锰矿物通常在纳米尺度密切共生的原因。此外,在铁锰结壳中还观测到大量在以往研究中被普遍忽视的三价锰[Mn(Ⅲ)]矿物,其含量在结壳顶部最高,随深度增加逐渐下降,四价锰[Mn(Ⅳ)]矿物的含量则呈相反的变化趋势。不同价态锰氧化物纳米颗粒的表面能差异导致Mn(Ⅲ)矿物在Mn(Ⅱ)的氧化过程中最先沉淀,并可能在沉淀之后逐渐转化为Mn(Ⅳ)矿物。相信随着纳米地球科学与高精度原位实验技术的发展,必将不断深化对海水铁锰循环及海底铁锰成矿的认识。 相似文献
4.
自然界中,菱锰矿氧化形成锰的氧化物矿物是非常普遍的现象,在菱锰矿被氧化分解发生物相转变的过程中,碳酸 盐溶解和锰的氧化往往同时发生,微生物可能起着催化作用。选取锰氧化模式菌株PseudomonasputidaMnB1和广西梧州菱 锰矿,通过菱锰矿在该细菌作用下发生转变的实验,利用场发射扫描电镜、扫描透射X射线显微成像等分析方法,研究了 矿石表面形貌变化以及锰元素在细胞上的分布特征。结果表明细菌显著促进的菱锰矿的溶解,在此基础上,进一步探讨了 细菌在菱锰矿氧化过程中的贡献,本实验结果丰富了次生锰矿床的微生物成因研究。 相似文献
5.
几种氧化锰矿物的合成及其对重金属的吸附和氧化特性 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以改进或优化的方法合成土壤中常见的几种氧化锰矿物,对其形貌、结构、组成和表面性质进行表征,研究其对几种重金属的吸附和对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化特性及与其结构和表面性质的关系。结果表明,合成的水钠锰矿、钙锰矿、锰钾矿和黑锰矿均为单相矿物,具有典型的形貌特征。水钠锰矿、钙锰矿和锰钾矿的PZC较低,分别为1.75、3.50和2.10,其表面可变负电荷量的大小顺序为水钠锰矿≥锰钾矿>钙锰矿;黑锰矿的PZC较高,表面可变负电荷量远低于其他3种矿物。供试矿物中,水钠锰矿对Pb2 、Cu2 、Co2 、Cd2 和Zn2 等重金属的吸附能力最强,黑锰矿的吸附能力最弱,除黑锰矿吸附更多的Cu2 外,供试氧化锰矿物对Pb2 的吸附量最大。氧化锰矿物对重金属的吸附受重金属的水解常数和矿物的表面负电荷的影响较大,它们均影响氧化锰矿物表面诱导水解作用及吸附离子形态。供试氧化锰矿物对Cr(Ⅲ)氧化能力和氧化过程中Mn2 释放量不同,受矿物结构、氧化度、表面性质以及结晶度等因素影响,氧化能力顺序为水钠锰矿>锰钾矿>钙锰矿>黑锰矿,最大氧化量分别为1330.0、422.6、59.7和36.6mmol/kg。 相似文献
6.
地质微生物是沉积环境中铁、锰氧化还原循环的主要驱动因子,铁锰共存环境中二价铁氧化对不同铁、锰循环功能微生物活性的影响差异和机制尚不清楚.以铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1、铁氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002、锰氧化菌Pseudomonas putida MnB1和Leptothrix discophora SS-1作为代表性的铁、锰循环功能微生物,利用平板计数、荧光显微镜等手段探究了Fe(II)氧化对功能微生物活性的影响差异及机制.结果表明0.05 mM Fe2+氧化60 min可使MR-1和MnB1的活菌数量降低4~5个数量级,SS-1及S.2002无显著失活.Fe(II)氧化产生的吸附态。OH和胞内。OH是细菌失活的主要原因,胞外H2O2、胞外游离态。OH和三价铁氧化物是细菌失活的次要原因,SS-1及S.2002产生了氧化应激反应,成功抵御了活性氧化物种. 相似文献
7.
多金属矿山环境中矿物的微生物分解及环境效应研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
多金属矿山矿物的分解不仅可以形成酸矿水,而且可释放大量有害元素,造成严重的环境污染.在矿物分解、元素释放、迁移、沉淀和富集过程中微生物起了非常重要的作用.在总结微生物分解矿物的机制、微生物-矿物界面作用及生物膜在矿物分解过程中所起的作用基础上,概述了酸矿水中微生物群落的特征和种系演化,对矿山环境金属硫化物生物氧化释放的有害元素的微生物地球化学循环过程以及重金属元素对微生物氧化作用的影响做了系统的论述并讨论了微生物在环境修复中的作用. 相似文献
8.
几种氧化锰矿物对As(Ⅲ)的氧化特性及针铁矿的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用化学分析、氧化还原平衡、X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)等方法与技术研究了水钠锰矿、钙锰矿和黑锰矿等三种不同结构类型的氧化锰矿物对As(Ⅲ)的氧化特性,及针铁矿对上述氧化的影响。结果表明:三种氧化锰矿物对As(Ⅲ)的氧化能力差异较大,氧化能力受矿物组成、结晶度和表面性质等因素影响。水钠锰矿的氧化能力最强,其次是钙锰矿。低价矿物黑锰矿的氧化能力最弱,但其氧化过程释放Mn2+的量比水钠锰和钙锰矿的均高。对As(Ⅲ)的最大氧化量大小顺序为:水钠锰矿(480.4mmol/kg)>钙锰矿(279.6mmol/kg)>黑锰矿(117.9mmol/kg)。体系中存在针铁… 相似文献
9.
氧化亚铁硫杆菌与毒砂相互作用的阶段性及其机理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
设计了毒砂的生物氧化和化学氧化两组对比实验,并对反应35d的溶液化学、固相产物成分和矿物表面元素化合态变化进行了分析,以说明氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A．ferrooxidans）与毒砂的相互作用机理。研究发现,毒砂的生物氧化过程随A．ferrooxidans菌生长规律分为三个阶段：（1）反应前7d,生物氧化作用还很弱,以自然氧化反应为主;（2）反应8～21d,生物氧化反应开始发生,细菌进入迟缓生长期;（3）反应22～35d,细菌处于对数生长期,生物氧化作用强烈。由离子浓度变化规律反映,前两个阶段生物氧化速率低于化学氧化,第三阶段起生物氧化速率高于化学氧化。细菌生长受溶液累积的As抑制,A．ferrooxidans菌能促进As和Fe形成砷酸铁沉淀,以降低As的抑制作用。毒砂表面高价态元素的比例随细菌生长和溶液Fe离子浓度的升高而增大,生物氧化第三阶段毒砂表面高价态元素的比例高于化学氧化。氧化过程中毒砂表面覆盖中间氧化产物S^0和As2S3沉积层,对比化学氧化,Aferrooxidans菌能不断把Fe^2＋氧化成Fe^3＋,促进毒砂表面中间产物氧化,并间接氧化毒砂。 相似文献
10.
共生生金菌的生长具有周期性的变化特征，与锰相互作用也表现出了周期性的变化规律。该细菌影响着含锰溶液体系的ｐＨ和Ｅｈ，能将低价态的锰氧化为高价态的锰。细菌氧化锰主要借助于各种酶和不同代谢物的作用而完成。 相似文献
11.
CHEN Xiaoye LU Xiancai LIU Huan LI Juan XIANG Wanli ZHANG Rui LU Jianjun 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1276-1285
The formation of manganese oxides in nature is commonly mediated by microorganisms.In this study,the mineralization of biogenic manganese oxidation mediated by Pseudomanas putida has been experimentally investigated by employing various characterization techniques,including SEM,FESEM,TEM,XRD,and STXM-NEXAFS.The results indicate that Mn~(2+) ions can be oxidized into Mn(Ⅳ) minerals(birnessite and pyrolusite) and Mn(Ⅲ) minerals(hausmannite and feitknechtite),successively.The primary products(birnessite and pyrolusite) further transformed into hausmannite and feitknechtite under Mn~(2+) ion-enriched conditions.However,birnessite and pyrolusite are the endproducts of the continuous microbial oxidation processes.These biogenic Mn oxides are poorly crystallized,which provides them with a high potential for usage in environmental restoration of contaminated soils and waters contaminated with heavy metals.The approaches employed in this study will also enrich genesis research of biological oxidation of Mn(Ⅱ) species in nature. 相似文献
12.
Manganese (Mn) oxides are among the strongest oxidants and sorbents in the environment, impacting the transport and speciation of metals, cycling of carbon, and flow of electrons within soils and sediments. The oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III/IV) oxides has been primarily attributed to biological processes, due in part to the faster rates of bacterial Mn(II) oxidation compared to observed mineral-induced and other abiotic rates. Here we explore the reactivity of biogenic Mn oxides formed by a common marine bacterium (Roseobacter sp. AzwK-3b), which has been previously shown to oxidize Mn(II) via the production of extracellular superoxide. Oxidation of Mn(II) by superoxide results in the formation of highly reactive colloidal birnessite with hexagonal symmetry. The colloidal oxides induce the rapid oxidation of Mn(II), with dramatically accelerated rates in the presence of organics, presumably due to mineral surface-catalyzed organic radical generation. Mn(II) oxidation by the colloids is further accelerated in presence of both organics and light, implicating reactive oxygen species in aiding abiotic oxidation. Indeed, the enhancement of Mn(II) oxidation is negated when the colloids are reacted with Mn(II) in the presence of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that scavenges the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide. The reactivity of the colloidal phase is short-lived due to the rapid evolution of the birnessite from hexagonal to pseudo-orthogonal symmetry. The secondary particulate triclinic birnessite phase exhibits a distinct lack of Mn(II) oxidation and subsequent Mn oxide formation. Thus, the evolution of initial reactive hexagonal birnessite to non-reactive triclinic birnessite imposes the need for continuous production of new colloidal hexagonal particles for Mn(II) oxidation to be sustained, illustrating an intimate dependency of enzymatic and mineral-based reactions in Mn(II) oxidation. Further, the coupled enzymatic and mineral-induced pathways are linked such that enzymatic formation of Mn oxide is requisite for the mineral-induced pathway to occur. Here, we show that Mn(II) oxidation involves a complex network of abiotic and biotic processes, including enzymatically produced superoxide, mineral catalysis, organic reactions with mineral surfaces, and likely photo-production of ROS. The complexity of coupled reactions involved in Mn(II) oxidation here highlights the need for further investigations of microbially-mediated Mn oxide formation, including identifying the role of Mn oxide surfaces, organics, reactive oxygen species, and light in Mn(II) oxidation and Mn oxide phase evolution. 相似文献
13.
Manganese (oxy)hydroxides (MnOX) play important roles in the oxidation and mobilization of toxic As(III) in natural environments. Abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) to MnOX in the presence of Fe minerals has been proved to be an important pathway in the formation of Mn(III, IV) (oxy)hydroxides. However, interactions between Mn(II) and As(III) in the presence of Fe minerals are still poorly understood. In this study, abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) on lepidocrocite, and its effect on the oxidation and mobilization of As(III) were investigated. The results show that MnOX species are detected on lepidocrocite and their contents increase with increasing pH values ranging from 7.5 to 8.4. After 10 days, an MnOx component, groutite (α-MnOOH) was found on lepidocrocite. During the simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III), and the As(III) pre-adsorbed processes, the presence and oxidation of Mn(II) significantly promotes the removal of soluble As(III). In addition, MnOx formed on lepidocrocite also contributes to the oxidation of soluble and adsorbed As(III) to As(V), the latter being subsequently released into solution. In the process where Mn(II) is pre-adsorbed on lepidocrocite, less As(III) is removed, given that the active sites occupied by MnOx inhibit the adsorption of As(III). In all experiments, the removal percentages of As(III) and the release of As(V) are correlated positively with pH values and initial concentrations of Mn(II), although they are not apparent in the Mn(II) pre-adsorbed system. 相似文献
14.
FENG Xionghan TAN Wenfeng LIU Fan Huada Daniel RUAN HE Jizheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):249-256
Oxidation of As^Ⅲ by three types of manganese oxide minerals affected by goethite was investigated by chemical analysis, equilibrium redox, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Three synthesized Mn oxide minerals of different types, birnessite, todorokite, and hausmannite, could actively oxidize As^Ⅲ to Asv, and greatly varied in their oxidation ability. Layer structured birnessite exhibited the highest capacity of As^Ⅲ oxidation, followed by the tunnel structured todorokite. Lower oxide hansmannite possessed much low capacity of As^Ⅲ oxidation, and released more Mn^2＋ than birnessite and todorokite during the oxidation. The maximum amount of Asv produced during the oxidation of As^Ⅲ by Mn oxide minerals was in the order： birnessite （480.4 mmol/kg） 〉 todorokite （279.6 mmol/kg） 〉 hansmannite （117.9 mmol/kg）. The oxidation capacity of the Mn oxide minerals was found to be relative to the composition, crystallinity, and surface properties. In the presence of goethite oxidation of As^Ⅲ by Mn oxide minerals increased, with maximum amounts of Asv being 651.0 mmol/kg for birnessite, 332.3 mmol/kg for todorokite and 159.4 mmol/kg for hansmannite. Goethite promoted As^Ⅲ oxidation on the surface of Mn oxide minerals through adsorption of the Asv produced, incurring the decrease of Asv concentration in solutions. Thus, the combined effects of the oxidation （by Mn oxide minerals）-adsorption （by goethite） lead to rapid oxidation and immobilization of As in soils and sediments and alleviation of the As^Ⅲ toxicity in the environments. 相似文献
15.
Chromite is a mineral with low solubility and is thus resistant to dissolution. The exception is when manganese oxides are available, since they are the only known naturally occurring oxidants for chromite. In the presence of Mn(IV) oxides, Cr(III) will oxidise to Cr(VI), which is more soluble than Cr(III), and thus easier to be removed. Here we report of chromite phenocrysts that are replaced by rhodochrosite (Mn(II) carbonate) in subseafloor basalts from the Koko Seamount, Pacific Ocean, that were drilled and collected during the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 197. The mineral succession chromite-rhodochrosite-saponite in the phenocrysts is interpreted as the result of chromite oxidation by manganese oxides. Putative fossilized microorganisms are abundant in the rhodochrosite and we suggest that the oxidation of chromite has been mediated by microbial activity. It has previously been shown in soils and in laboratory experiments that chromium oxidation is indirectly mediated by microbial formation of manganese oxides. Here we suggest a similar process in subseafloor basalts. 相似文献
16.
K. Pecher D. McCubbery E. Kneedler J. Bargar L. Cox B. Tonner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(6):1089-1098
We have applied Scanning Transmission Soft X-ray Microscopy (STXM) to investigate the charge state distribution of Mn in two kinds of Mn-biominerals, Mn nodules collected from Lake Michigan sediments and Mn precipitates formed by spores of a marine bacillus SG-1 under transport limited reaction conditions. A data analysis technique was developed, which allows for extraction of spatially resolved 2-d charge state maps of manganese on a submicron level. We find that the charge state of Mn dominates the spectral shape of L-edge spectra of environmentally important single oxidation state Mn minerals and that spectra of mixed oxidation state oxides can be modelled by a combination of appropriate single oxidation state reference spectra. Two-dimensional maps of charge state distributions clearly reveal domains of different oxidation states within single particles of Mn-micronodules. Spots of preferred accumulation of Mn(II) were found, which indicates biogenic precipitation of Mn(II)-species as a first step of nodule formation. The presence of Mn(III) in the studied sediment samples suggests the involvement of one-electron oxidation processes and reaction conditions which inhibit or slow down the disproportionation of Mn(III)-products. Under transport limited conditions, Mn oxidation products formed by spores of the marine bacillus SG-1 can vary from cell to cell. The presence of significant amounts of Mn(III) containing species points to the involvement of one-electron oxidation reactions as in the case of the micro-nodules. Our technique and the results obtained form a new basis for the mechanistic understanding of the formation of Mn biominerals in the environment. 相似文献
17.
Xiancang Wu Wenjing Zhang Shanghai Du XuFei Shi Xipeng Yu Ying Huan Hanmei Wang Xun Jiao 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):161
Field tests and laboratory experiments were performed, using an artificial groundwater recharging site in Southeast China as an example, to investigate the migration and transformation of manganese during the artificial recharging of a deep confined aquifer. The migration and transformation of total manganese and divalent manganese (Mn(II)) were influenced by mixing, oxidation reactions, and the dissolution of minerals containing manganese, and increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was found to promote the dissolution of minerals containing manganese. The laboratory experiments showed that the retardation factors were higher upstream than downstream of the recharging hole. The amount of dissolution that occurred decreased, and the amount of mixing that occurred increased as the distance from the recharging hole increased. The DO concentration decreased as the amount of dissolution of minerals containing manganese that occurred decreased. A high temperature, a high DO concentration, and the presence of microorganisms were found to promote the dissolution of minerals containing manganese, which caused the total manganese and Mn(II) concentrations to increase. 相似文献
18.
We investigated the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and its environmental effects in subtropical regions of China. The investigation demonstrated that the weathering- pedogenesis of carbonate rocks is the process of a joint action of corrosion and illuviation and metasomatism in subtropical region. It is characterized by multi-stage, multi-path and multi-style. With the persisting development of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks, metasomatic pedogenesis progressively became the main process of the weathering-pedogenesis and the dominant style of formation of minerals. And it proceeds through the whole process of evolution of the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks. The stage evolution of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and the fractionation evolution of newly produced minerals are characterized by obvious vertically zoning structures and the rules of gradation of elements geochemical characteristics in the carbonate rocks weathering profiles. The geochemical process of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks can be divided into three geochemical evolution stages, i.e., the Ca, Mg-depletion and Si, Al-enrichment stage; the Fe, Mn enrichment stage and the Si-depletion and Al-enrichment stage in the subtropical regions. Consistent with the three geochemical evolution stages, the sequence of formation and evolution of minerals can be divided into the clay mineral stage; the Fe, Mn oxide and the gibbsite stage. The influence of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks on the chemical forms of heavy elements is mainly affected via newly produced components and minerals in the process of weathering-pedogenesis, e.g., iron oxide minerals and organic matters. The important mechanism for the mobilization, transport and pollution of F and As is affected the selective adsorption and desorption of F and As on the surface of iron oxide minerals in the subtropical karst zones, i.e., the selective adsorption and desorption on mineral surfaces of newly produced minerals in the process of weath 相似文献
19.
Philip Larese-Casanova Stefan B. Haderlein Andreas Kappler 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(13):3721-10283
Fe(III) solid phases are the products of Fe(II) oxidation by Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, but the Fe(III) phases reported to form within growth experiments are, at times, poorly crystalline and therefore difficult to identify, possibly due to the presence of ligands (e.g., phosphate, carbonate) that complex iron and disrupt iron (hydr)oxide precipitation. The scope of this study was to investigate the influences of geochemical solution conditions (pH, carbonate, phosphate, humic acids) on the Fe(II) oxidation rate and Fe(III) mineralogy. Fe(III) mineral characterization was performed using 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy and μ-X-ray diffraction after oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) within Mops-buffered cell suspensions of Acidovorax sp. BoFeN1, a nitrate-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium. Lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) (90%), which also forms after chemical oxidation of Fe(II) by dissolved O2, and goethite (α-FeOOH) (10%) were produced at pH 7.0 in the absence of any strongly complexing ligands. Higher solution pH, increasing concentrations of carbonate species, and increasing concentrations of humic acids promoted goethite formation and caused little or no changes in Fe(II) oxidation rates. Phosphate species resulted in Fe(III) solids unidentifiable to our methods and significantly slowed Fe(II) oxidation rates. Our results suggest that Fe(III) mineralogy formed by bacterial Fe(II) oxidation is strongly influenced by solution chemistry, and the geochemical conditions studied here suggest lepidocrocite and goethite may coexist in aquatic environments where nitrate-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria are active. 相似文献