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简要回顾了水文测验发展的过程,介绍了中国测验工作的现状,总结了近二十余年水文测验业务建设的重大举措,评价了水文测验技术应用成果,指出了当前中国水文测验存在的主要问题和面临的挑战,提出了今后水文测验工作发展的具体建议。 相似文献
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如果你控制了石油,你就控制了所有国家;如果你控制了粮食,你就控制了所有的人;如果你控制了货币,你就控制了整个世界。——亨利·基辛格 相似文献
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对大桥桥体漏水原因及危害进行了分析，提出了多种治理方案，并进行了方案优选，简介了优选方案的施工效果。 相似文献
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在详细地分析了石老人海水浴场工程地质、环境条件和前期试验成果后,对该工程的抗拔锚杆施工方案进行了大胆的设计,并在施工过程中进行了合理的优化和改进,取得了良好的施工效果,达到了预期的目的. 相似文献
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土坡稳定分析简化Bishop法的数值解 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
建立了适于边坡稳定分析简单的平面直角坐标系,得到了该坐标系下的边坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧法的积分表达式,与张天宝法进行了验证和对比;提出了基于边坡稳定分析简化Bishop法原理的积分法,推导了其安全系数Fs积分表达式,编制了数值积分计算和图形处理程序,并进行了工程应用,实践证明该方法的正确性。 相似文献
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自2000年以来,在提高了区域重力调查技术要求,更新了区域化探方法技术后,极大地提高了东北地区基础地质工作程度,发现了众多重力异常,圈定和推断了隐伏岩体、盆地和断裂构造.特别是区域化探,获得的地球化学异常更加丰富,真实地反映了地质规律,提供了较多的成矿远景区和找矿靶区,发现了众多矿产地.首次开展的多目标区域地球化学调查,查明了松辽平原土壤元素区域地球化学分布特征,证实了松辽平原土壤环境质量是优良的.这些成果为东北地区的地质工作提供了丰富的地球物理和地球化学基础信息. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地地质环境演化及钾矿寻找研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
描述了我国钾盐资源的现状,总结了世界上大型钾盐矿床的分布和形成规律:物质基础、地质构造、岩相古地理及气候条件.分析了塔里木盆地的基本概况,阐述了在晚自垩-古近纪这一历史上重要的成盐期,塔里木盆地的地质环境演化历史,分析了塔里木盆地晚白垩纪和古近纪沉积相特点,确定了塔里木盆地的两个浓缩中心--库车凹陷和塔西南凹陷,综述了塔里木盆地的地质找钾状况,为钾盐的找矿工作做了良好的地质铺垫. 相似文献
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Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. Matsumoto 《Cretaceous Research》1980,1(4):359-373
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous. 相似文献
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A Barremian microflora is recorded in the terrigenous facies (Weald) of the Lower Cretaceous in the northern region of the Province of Valencia (Spain), these beds have been poorly dated up to now due to the absence of fossils. The Villar del Arzobispo microflora correspond unquestionably to the Barremian-Aptien period, but the numerical importance of derived forms from the Jurassic, the remarkable variety of forms of Cicatricosisporites, and the rareness of pollen of Angiosperms, indicate a Barremian age to be more likely.This discovery permits us to establish the stratigraphical relationship of this terrigenousfacies of Villar del Arzobispo with the dated “Weald” of other areas of the Iberian Chain and to give a complete chrono-stratigraphical interpretation to the different litho-stratigraphical units that constitute the Lower Cretaceous of this region. 相似文献
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苏皖坡缕石粘土中蛋白石特征及其成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TEM和XRD研究表明，在苏皖坡缕石粘土矿床的蛋白石坡缕石层中存在0pal-A和0pal-CT两种结构的蛋白石。蛋白石坡缕石层主要含坡缕石、opal-A、opal-CT，以及少量白云石和其它矿物，由富opal-A层和富opal-CT层互层组成，交互层的厚度在几个厘米左右。蛋白石坡缕石层中的矿物基本是自生矿物，从蒸发湖水中化学沉淀形成。矿物组成特征研究表明，蛋白石坡缕石层的矿物组分(Si、Mg、Al)来源于盆地周围玄武岩淋滤的浅层地下水。根据Opal-A和Opal-CT溶解度图解和城缕石、白云石形成物理化学条件图解，当湖水具有高浓度溶解SiO2和Mg^2 时，有利于opal-A和坡缕石形成，当湖水具有低浓度溶解SiO2时，有利于opal-CT结晶。因此，沉淀SiO2的结构状态取决于地下水补给的湖水溶解SiO2浓度。富opal-A和富opal-CT交互层的形成是古气候、古水文周期性变化的指示。富opal-CT层指示高地下水补给流入量，低蒸发量，湖水低盐度和溶解组分，代表湿润气候时期；而富opal-A层代表低地下水补给流入量，高蒸发量，高溶解组分浓度，代表干旱气候时期。 相似文献
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根据丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道变形及电磁辐射的现场监测资料，对隧道变形过程中的电磁辐射特性及电磁辐射强度极大峰值事件数N、超过强度平均值的极大峰值事件数M与隧道水平收敛变形的关系进行了统计分析。研究表明：（1）电磁辐射最大强度平均值E在初期支护破坏前，随隧道变形的增大而增大，初期支护破坏后，随隧道变形的增大而减少，电磁辐射最大强度平均值先升后降的出现时间与初期支护破坏的时间接近。（2）电磁辐射强度极大峰值事件数、超过强度平均值的极大峰值事件数的波动速率 、 与隧道变形速率呈正线性相关关系；电磁辐射强度极大峰值事件数、超过强度平均值的极大峰值事件数的百分比 、 与隧道累计变形呈正线性相关关系。结论对深化地下洞室变形过程中的电磁辐射特性的认识，提高电磁辐射监测技术的现场应用水平具有指导意义。 相似文献
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B. D. Webby 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):41-63
Much of South Australia, western New South Wales, and Tasmania was affected by the Late Cambrian‐Early Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny. Areas of the former shelf margin exhibit molasse‐type conglomerates overlying a major late Middle to Late Cambrian unconformity (Jukesian Movement in Tasmania or Mootwingee Movement in western N.S.W.). In continental platform areas to the north the effects of the orogeny were less intense with, in the Georgina Basin for instance, only dis‐conformable relationships, and the overlying deposits consisting of fine elastics and carbonates. Regression accompanied this first phase of tectonic upheaval and was followed by a period of ‘late Tremadoc’ transgression of the sea into several embayment areas of the continental platform. This short‐lived transgression was succeeded by ‘early Arenig’ regression which appears to be related to a second, less intense Delamerian orogenic phase. Expression of this phase ranges from unconformity in west Tasmania (Haulage and Lynchford Movements) to disconformity in the Georgina Basin (Kelly Creek Movement). A second, more extensive and long‐lived transgression of the sea from the ‘middle Arenig’ to about the end of the ‘Llanvirn’ resulted in the development of the epicontinental Larapintine Sea, permitting interchange of warmer and cooler waters from either ends of the seaway. Combined fossil, lithological and palaeomagnetic evidence suggests that, of the fragments of Gondwanaland, Australia alone straddled the Ordovician equator, with its present west coast approximately along the line of Lat. 30°S. Influxes of sand from the areas of mild‐high relief to the south appear to have been deflected in an anticlockwise direction along the open, ocean‐facing Gnalta Shelf of western N.S.W. towards the eastern end of the Larapintine Sea perhaps as a result of a major westward‐flowing equatorial current. The influxes progressively constricted and finally blocked off the eastern end of the seaway by the end of ‘Llanvirn’ time. The closure, and final regression of the sea from all continental platform areas, seems to have been accompanied by a phase of local uplift and erosion (Dullingari Movement of northeastern South Australia). In cratonic areas of central and northern Australia a period of Late Ordovician or Early Silurian uplift and erosion (Rodingan Movement) followed. Dullingari and Rodingan Movements may be correlated with phases of the Benambran Orogeny of the Tas‐man Geosyncline. Late Ordovician cratonic sedimentation was restricted to the shelf margin. On the Tasmanian Shelf carbonates accumulated during a long period of relative tectonic quiescence and gentle subsidence. First signs of onset of the Benambrian Orogeny are shown by the appearance of clastics in the topmost beds of the Tasmanian Ordovician sequence. 相似文献
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This paper concerns the evaporite units, depositional systems, cyclicity, diagenetic products and anhydritization patterns of the Calatayud Basin (nonmarine, Miocene, central Spain). In outcrop, the sulphate minerals of these shallow lacustrine evaporites consist of primary and secondary gypsum, the latter originating from the replacement of anhydrite and glauberite. In the evaporative systems of this basin, gypsiferous marshes of low salinity can be distinguished from central, saline lakes of higher salinity. In the gypsiferous marsh facies, the dominant, massive, bioturbated gypsum was partly replaced by synsedimentary chert nodules and siliceous crusts. In the saline lake facies, either cycles of gypsiferous lutite‐laminated gypsarenite or irregular alternations of laminated gypsum, nodular and banded glauberite, thenardite and nodular anhydrite precipitated. Early replacement of part of the glauberite by anhydrite also occurred. Episodes of subaerial exposure are represented by: (1) pedogenic carbonates (with nodular magnesite) and gypsiferous crusts composed of poikilitic crystals; and (2) nodular anhydrite, which formed in a sabkha. Additionally, meganodular anhydrite occurs, which presumably precipitated from ascending, highly saline solutions. The timing of anhydritization was mainly controlled by the salinity of the pore solutions, and occurred from the onset of deposition to moderate burial. Locally, a thick (>200 m) sequence of gypsum cycles developed, which was probably controlled by climatic variation. A trend of upward‐decreasing salinity is deduced from the base to the top of the evaporite succession. 相似文献
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László Ódor Richard B Wanty István Horváth Ubul Fügedi 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,65(1):47-60
Regional geochemical baseline values have been established for Hungary by the use of low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds thus produced helped to evaluate the importance of high toxic element concentrations found in soils in a valley downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. Erosion of the mine dumps and flotation dump, losses of metals during filtering, storage and transportation, human neglects, and operational breakdowns, have all contributed to the contamination of a small catchment basin in a procession of releases of solid waste. The sulfide-rich waste material weathers to a yellow color; this layer of `yellow sand' blankets a narrow strip of the floodplain of Toka Creek in the valley near the town of Gyöngyösoroszi. Contamination was spread out in the valley by floods. Metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sb. Exposure of the local population to these metals may occur through inhalation of airborne particulates or by ingestion of these metals that are taken up by crops grown in the valley. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, soils, and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps. The flood-plain profile was sampled in detail to see the vertical distribution of elements and to relate the metal concentrations to the sedimentation and contamination histories of the flood plain. Downward migration of mobile Zn and Cd from the contaminated upper layers under supergene conditions is observed, while vertical migration of Pb, As, Hg and Sb appears to be insignificant. Soil profiles of 137Cs which originated from above-ground atomic bomb tests and the Chernobyl accident, provide good evidence that the upper 30–40 cm of the flood-plain sections, which includes the yellow sand contamination, were deposited in the last 30–40 years. 相似文献
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The experimental study of the hydrodynamics of the sediments and the physical analysis of the process of exchange at the water-sediment interface in a zone of swash are essential for the understanding of the sedimentary transport processes in coastal environments, in particular to control and forecast the evolution of the coastline. The objective of this study was to exploit the technique of Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry (UDV) to examine the evolution of the velocity field at the water-sediment interface in a zone of swash in various conditions of incidental regular waves in a wave flume. The velocities were measured in different conditions of the swash within the sediment bed, and in the fluid vein at the swash edge. These measurements show: an exponential distribution of velocities inside the sediment bed; a difference in the velocity gradient at the water-sediment interface, between the velocity in the water vein at the swash edge and the interstitial flow in the swash. The measurements obtained in the wave flume made it possible to observe an evolution of the velocity profiles according to the phases of the swash, which are characterized by a phase shift between the free flow at the swash edge and the interstitial flow during the two phases of the swash: uprush and backwash. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionThe term“Environmental Geochemical Baseline(EGB)”first appeared in the International Geochemi-cal Mapping Program (IGCP259) and the InternationalGeochemical Baseline Program (IGCP360) of Interna-tional Geography Contrast Program. The defin… 相似文献
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哈密尾亚地区花岗岩类副矿物特征对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
壳－幔混合源型、壳源高铝型、深源碱性型等不同成因的花岗岩类，在演化过程中，其副矿物组合特征是不同的。主要表现在磁铁矿与钛铁矿，锆石与磷灰石之间的含量及比值，以及花岗岩形成演化到中－晚期时，褐帘石、萤石、独居石、石榴石等的出现及其含量多少，在副矿物组合图上表现出不同的曲线形态。尤其锆石晶体形态（在皮藩“ｐｕｐｉｎ”群型图上）的分布位置，与花岗岩成因类型密切相关。锆石的晶面、晶棱特点，可直接反映花岗岩时代的新老。而锆石晶体的长短轴之比、包裹体特征和磷灰石的晶面、晶棱特点、包裹体特征等，在不同代，不同成因类型的花岗岩中都有区别，均具有对比意义。 相似文献