共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
论晋北石炭二叠系紫色高岭石粘土的成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
晋北地区石炭二叠系煤层中与四号及九号煤伴生的含有机质的软质耐火粘土,即高岭石粘上,俗称紫矸或紫木节。对紫矸的成因过去有两种看法:(1)原生沉积的;(2)后期风化残积“由煤变来的”。笔者认为除这两个因素同时存在外,还与成岩后生作用中有机酸的淋滤和高岭石的重结晶、有序化等有关,尤其是后期风化表生作用使有机质氧化淋滤去SiO_2形成一水软铝石、褪色、溶蚀多孔、质地疏松,形成今日所见紫色高岭石粘土。 相似文献
2.
表生风化淋滤作用的演化和为沉积矿床提供矿质能力的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
作者提出在火山脱气阶段形成强酸性和还原性雨水的风化淋滤条件，在火山间歇期形成饱含CO2气雨水和氧化能力较强的风化淋滤条件下，地史晚期的火山间歇期则形成近似于现代空气雨水的风化淋滤条件。作者用自己设计的模拟实验仪器对多种岩石类型进行了三种大气雨水的风化淋滤模拟实验，计算了元素的带出强度和伴生关系，结合地质情况讨论了雨水pH值的历史演化，风化淋滤作用为沉积矿床提供金属元素的条件，以及风化壳矿床类型的历史演化等问题。 相似文献
3.
风化淋滤型富铁矿,通常是指前寒武纪铁硅建造中的贫铁矿或含铁岩石受风化淋滤而形成的氧化富铁矿.这个过程包括二氧化硅的淋滤,含铁硅酸盐矿物的水合和水解,磁铁矿的假象赤铁矿化等.这种矿床属于大陆相地质建造的一部分,是由于大气(包括降水)和有机物作用于原岩而生成的.矿床的物质基本上是原岩的风化产物组成的,同时向深处逐渐转为新鲜的未风化的原岩,所以也叫风化壳矿床.风化壳的生成主要取决 相似文献
4.
氧化土状钴矿产于易门老厂昆阳群落雪组(Pt2l)。由区内铜质沉积-变质成矿后,晚期构造(晋宁期或燕山期)控制的热液叠加矿化,经风化淋滤富集形成,属风化-沉积改造型。 相似文献
5.
6.
贵州西部地区“玄武岩-古风化壳沉积(堆积)型”铁矿成矿作用与成矿模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
在阐述了"玄武岩-古风化壳沉积(堆积)型"铁矿的成矿背景和成矿地质特征的基础上,讨论了铁矿的风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积(堆积)、成岩后期变化、淋滤富集成矿作用,并将成矿过程划分为3期6个阶段,3期分别为:矿源层形成期、含铁岩系形成期、淋滤富集成矿期;6个阶段分别为:峨眉地幔柱上隆-玄武岩浆喷溢阶段、风化蚀顶-玄武岩古风化壳形成阶段、古风化壳沉积物堆积-迁移-沉积-含矿层形成阶段,地壳振荡性升降-暴露-含矿层风化淋滤阶段、含矿层次生富集成矿阶段、含矿层被覆盖保存阶段,从而建立了"玄武岩-古风化壳沉积(堆积)型"铁矿的成矿模式。 相似文献
7.
准噶尔盆地不整合结构模式及半风化岩石的再成岩作用 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25
由于风化剥蚀程度的不均一性及后期水进形成上覆岩石使得不整合纵向可分为三层结构:不整合面之上岩石、风化粘土层和半风化岩石。准噶尔盆地不整合面之上岩石类型主要包括底砾岩、水进砂体与煤层,它们的发育受控于构造运动强度、古气候、古地形及暴露时间,其中底砾岩分布最为广泛,而且孔渗性好,构成流体的良好运移通道。风化粘土层在上覆沉积物压实作用下岩性较致密,是一套良好的封盖层。半风化岩石类型有砂质岩类、泥质岩类和火山岩类,它们均能形成风化淋滤带,改善其孔隙结构,增大储集空间,其中火山岩岩溶作用较强,次生孔隙发育带最厚,砂质岩类次之,泥质岩类较差。 相似文献
8.
9.
红土型镍矿是基性、超基性岩在热带、亚热带地区常年高温、多雨的环境下,经过风化--淋滤--沉积富集而成。基性、超基性岩是此类矿床的成矿母岩。因此,以往针对红土型镍矿的找矿勘探首先是寻找基性、超基性岩。笔者近期在印度尼西亚苏拉威西省Kolaka县发现了一种新型红土镍矿床,该矿床成矿母岩并非是基性、超基性岩,而是砾石成分以超基性岩为主的一套砾岩。为了区分传统意义上由基性、超基性岩风化淋滤形成的红土型镍矿,笔者将其称为砾岩型红土镍矿。该矿床的结构分带由上往下可分为:腐植土层、红土层、强风化砾岩层、半风化砾岩层、砾岩层,镍矿体主要分布于半风化砾岩层中。初步认为矿床是由砾岩经过风化--水解-淋滤-沉淀富集等作用形成的。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Many physico-chemical variables like rock-type, climate, topography and exposure age affect weathering environments. In the
present study, an attempt is made to understand how the nature of clay minerals formed due to weathering differs in tropical
regions receiving high and low rainfall. Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles in west coast of India, which receives about
3 m rainfall through two monsoons and those from the inland rain-shadow zones (<200 cm rainfall) are studied using X-ray diffraction
technique. In the west coast, 1:1 clays (kaolinite) and Fe—Al oxides (gibbsite/goethite) are dominant clay minerals in the
weathering profiles while 2:1 clay minerals are absent or found only in trace amounts. Weathering profiles in the rain shadow
region have more complex clay mineralogy and are dominated by 2:1 clays and kaolinite. Fe—Al oxides are either less or absent
in clay fraction. The kaolinite—smectite interstratified mineral in Banasandra profiles are formed due to transformation of
smectites to kaolinite, which is indicative of a humid paleoclimate. In tropical regions receiving high rainfall the clay
mineral assemblage remains the same irrespective of the parent rock type. Rainfall and availability of water apart from temperature,
are the most important factors that determine kinetics of chemical weathering. Mineral alteration reactions proceed through
different pathways in water rich and water poor environments. 相似文献
13.
山西、河南高铝粘土铝土矿矿床矿物学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
耐火材料工业把Al2O3>46%（熟料）的耐火粘土称为“高铝粘土”。从理论上应把铝硅比≥2.6的称为耐火用铝土矿,惟我国《储量规范》为了勘探工作方便仍称其为高铝粘土。而普通耐火粘土（熟料Al2O3<46%,但实际应用扩大到50%）与高铝粘土中的易熔杂质总量不超过6%,灼减一般不大于16%,Fe2O3一般不大于3%或3.5%。 相似文献
14.
粘土矿物在黄河源区古气候研究中的应用 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
沉积物中粘土矿物的组成具有一定的古气候指示意义。利用沉积物中粘土矿物的组成探讨了黄河源区全新世的古气候变迁。通过X衍射方法分析了一个全新世地层剖面的粘土矿物类型和含量的变化,这些粘土矿物主要由伊利石、伊蒙混层矿物和少量的高岭石、绿泥石组成。对粘土矿物含量变化的分析和对比研究表明,黄河源区在全新世的气候寒冷干燥,即使在大暖期也显得温凉。全新世的气候演变可划分为3个阶段,即早全新世的干冷期、中全新世的温凉期(大暖期)和晚全新世的干冷期。在大暖期,在7 0kaB P 和5 0kaB P 前后发生了两次较强的降温事件。 相似文献
15.
二长花岗岩风化壳自下而上划分为原生带、微风化带、弱风化带和强风化带。风化壳中粘土矿物主要为埃洛石,其次为高岭石及少量伊利石。微风化带下部以高岭石为主,往上埃洛石逐渐占优势,并于弱风化带中、上部和强风化带中局部富集,这与当时地下水活动状态有关。高岭石结晶程度随风化程度的增强而提高。在弱酸性介质条件下及水分丰富、溶出条件强烈时,从长石解理面上和长石的“溶蚀”空隙中可以直接形成高岭石或埃洛石,而过渡阶段的伊利石很不发育或不存在。 相似文献
16.
自生矿物特征和成因机理对深层碎屑岩储层物性具有重要影响。以渤海海域歧南断阶带侏罗系为例,通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、同位素、包裹体、X衍射分析等技术手段,对研究区侏罗系深层碎屑岩储层自生矿物的类型、特征、成因机理及对优质储层发育的控制作用进行研究。结果表明：研究区侏罗系碎屑岩属于中孔-低渗储层,非均质性强;主要自生矿物类型为硅质矿物、碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物3类;早期形成的硅质石英衬垫和碳酸盐胶结物控制了孔隙的发育和演化,沿颗粒表面分布的早期硅质石英衬垫有效抑制了后期石英加大生长,并增强了岩石的抗压能力,有利于原生孔隙保存;早期碳酸盐胶结物增强了储层抗压实能力,并为后期储层遭受溶蚀形成溶蚀孔提供了物质基础,有利于高孔隙储层形成;黏土矿物控制了储层渗透率差异,储层渗透率与自生高岭石体积分数呈正相关性,较高渗透率储层分布于侏罗系中段高岭石富集带内。研究区侏罗系碎屑岩发育原生孔隙体积分数高、微晶石英衬垫发育的Ⅰ类有利储层和粒间溶蚀孔隙较发育、具显著表生成岩作用特点的Ⅱ类有利储层,二者孔隙演化存在明显差异。Ⅰ类有利储层主要受早—中成岩期微晶石英衬垫抗压实作用控制,浅层和深层均可发育高孔隙储层;Ⅱ类有利储层主要受表生期风化淋滤作用控制,可在风化壳附近形成优质储层,整体上Ⅰ类储层物性优于Ⅱ类。 相似文献
17.
Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Fredéric Villiéras Richard Kamga Georges Emmanuel Ekodeck Jacques Yvon 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014
Mineralogy, major, trace and rare earth elements of a weathering profile developed on tertiary greenstone belt in the extreme North Cameroon are reported. The aim of which was to investigate mineralogical evolution and element mobilization and redistribution during weathering under dry tropical climate. The weathering profile consists of four main horizons: (1) a spheroidal weathering zone constituted by a corestone–shell complex, (2) a C horizon, (3) a Bw horizon and an Ah horizon. The results indicate that nontronite, a Fe-rich smectite, is the exclusive clay mineral formed in the exfoliated shells and the C horizon. It is associated with kaolinite in the upper horizons. The coexistence of these two clay minerals induced a decrease of CEC and pH which becomes neutral. The weathering index (WI) values reveal that weathering becomes more and more intensive from the corestone up to Bw horizon, which is the most weathered horizon in the weathering profile. Mass balance calculations, using Th as immobile element, indicate that Ti is quite mobile and that Al and Fe are relatively enriched at the bottom and strongly leached at the top of the profile. Alkalis and alkaline earth elements are strong leached through out the profile, except Ca which displays similar trend as Al and Fe. The same goes for LILE (Cs, Sr), TTE (Cr, Co, Ni) and HSFE (Y, Nb, Hf). In opposite, REE are depleted at the bottom and enriched in the upper horizons, with more enrichment for LREE than for HREE. It appears that weathering of greenstone belt causes a fractionation of HREE and induces a concentration of LREEs. Ce and Eu anomalies display opposite behaviour. 相似文献
18.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(2):125972
In China, the lack of Li resources is in stark contrast to a large amount of coal gangue produced by coal mining. To determine the distribution patterns and existing status of lithium (Li) elements in the coal gangue, the mineralogical and geochemical analysis were formed on samples of the roof, floor, and parting of No. 02, 2, 8, and 9 coal seams, being mined in Malan mine, Xishan coalfield, Shanxi Province. The results show that the lithium content in this study area is relatively enriched, the highest content is 499 μg/g in sample 02-G, and the average content is 109.8 μg/g, which is two times that of the world average value of claystone (45 μg/g). XRD analysis shows that the mineral composition of parting samples is mainly clay mineral kaolinite, while the coal seam roof and floor samples also include quartz and some iron-bearing minerals, such as pyrite and siderite. Likewise, possible lithium-rich mineral phases and possible lithium-rich factors were investigated in this paper. A comprehensive clay separation experiment and correlation analysis between lithium and major elements indicate that lithium is likely to exist in the clay mineral kaolinite in the study area. It is also found that the content of Li adsorbed by cryptocrystalline kaolinite is generally higher than that of crystalline kaolinite. According to the mechanism of Li+ adsorption in clay minerals, the higher lithium content of cryptocrystalline kaolinite is due to its larger specific surface area, which can adsorb more lithium on the surface. 相似文献
19.
对酒东盆地红山地区下白垩统含铀目的层中黏土矿物进行扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线能谱（EDX）等的系统研究,结果表明：含铀目的层碎屑岩的源岩主要是碱交代的酸性岩浆岩,其黏土矿物类型主要为高岭石,其次为绿泥石。高岭石既有陆源高岭石,也有自生（蚀变）高岭石;高岭石化带（浅色带）可以作为该区铀矿找矿的主要标志层,其厚度和蚀变强度等可以作为判断该区铀矿富集程度的依据之一。绿泥石主要为自生绿泥石,与高岭石形成于不同时期,可能是由高岭石转化而成。黏土矿物研究显示,该区自白垩纪以来经历了由温暖潮湿气候逐渐向干旱气候转变的过程。 相似文献