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国外地面沉降研究状况述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
序言地质沉降是地层在自然营力(地壳构造运动、复盖层的成岩作用)作用下,或人类经济活动(石油、天然气和地下水的开采以及矿坑塌陷等)影响下所造成的区域性地面标高的降低。但目前国内外所研究的地面沉降主要着重于因抽汲液体(地下水、油、气)所引起的区域性地面沉降问题,本文所述亦限于此范围。因抽汲液体造成地面沉降在世界各地已很普遍,近几十年来,随着工、农业生产的发展,对石油、天然气和地下水资源的大量开发利用,地面沉降现象也日益加剧,并给工农业生产、 相似文献
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国际地面沉降研究综述 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
文章在介绍国际地面沉降会议历史及２０００年第六届国际地面沉隆会议简况的基础上,并根据２０００年第六届国际地面沉降会议论文,对国际地面沉降研究进展情况分成如下六个方面进行了综述。地面沉降地质因素介绍了古代地面沉降、泥炭层沉降、地震砂土液化地面沉降和海平面上升研究状况。地下流体运移地面沉降方面介绍了以地下水开采为主的地面沉降问题及地面塌陷、天然气开采引起的地面沉降、均匀沉降对建筑结构的破坏和欠固结石英 相似文献
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利用盐岩地层建设地下油气储库群已成为各国发展能源储备的重要方向,然而关于储库区地面沉降的研究至今仍处于探索阶段。由于地面沉降所造成的重大事故屡见不鲜,因此有必要集中力量研究盐岩库区地面沉降问题,为我国盐岩储库群的建设提供可靠的理论依据。本文主要从以下3个方面总结了近几十年来国内外学者在盐岩储库区地面沉降预测方面所做出的努力与成绩:(1)现场监测——法国、德国、美国先后建立了现场监测网络,获得了大量的长期监测数据;(2)理论计算——我国学者于20世纪90年代末将随机介质理论引入到盐矿水溶开采地面沉降预测中,从而为储库区地面沉降预测提供了新的理论基础;(3)数值模拟——欧洲学者利用FLAC2D程序对盐岩储库区的地面稳定性进行了数值模拟,而我国学者则利用在新概率积分法的基础上建立起的预测模型成功进行了沉降预测模拟。此外,为了有效地控制库区地面变形,预留矿柱式水溶开采法在国外众多盐岩地下储库群建设中得以广泛应用。本文最后提出在后续研究中将重点着眼于地表变形随时间的发展过程,并对现有理论模型进行适当的修正以及利用现场实测数据进一步完善预测所需参数的选取方法,从而使预测结果更为准确可靠。 相似文献
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冲洪积平原地面沉降特征及主控因素——以北京平原为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
北京由于长期过量开采地下水,相继引发了一系列地质环境问题,其中地面沉降问题尤为突出。回顾了北京地面沉降发展历史,从平面和垂向上分析了地面沉降特征,在此基础上对北京冲洪积平原区沉降的主控因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)平面上,沉降分为南、北2个大区,7个沉降中心。北区已由多个单独沉降中心区扩展成一个大区域,南区北扩明显;(2)垂向上,南区第一压缩层为沉降主贡献层,沉降占比42%,浅部地层沉降速率减小,深部地层沉降速率增加。土体变形特征为塑性变形,包含蠕变变形;北区第二压缩层为沉降主贡献层,沉降占比65%,浅部沉降量值很小且波动平缓,深部沉降量相对较大。土体变形特征为浅部以弹性变形为主,深部以塑性变形为主,包含蠕变变形;(3)沉降受构造作用及基底格架控制,北东方向受冲洪积扇上部单一砂卵砾石的地层条件控制扩展范围有限,沉降整体向北西、南东方向扩张;(4)地层结构决定沉降平面和垂向分布特征,尤其北部冲洪积与南部湖相沉积的差异,是产生深浅部地层沉降贡献率不同的重要因素;(5)地下水开采仍是沉降产生的主因,地下水漏斗的扩展和沉降中心的分布高度吻合,主要沉降层地下水位下降速率与沉降速率成正比。 相似文献
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地下空间开发利用是城市发展的重要途径,并呈现不断向深部拓展的趋势。上海未来城市发展规划也将40m以深的地下空间开发利用作为重点之一。上海典型的软土地区的沉积环境及其第四纪地层特点,容易在深部地下空间的开发利用过程中引发各类环境地质问题。阐述了承压水突涌、粉砂土渗流液化、土体变形地面沉降、天然气喷逸等地质问题的特征及其对深部地下空间开发的不利影响,并提出相应的防治技术与对策建议。 相似文献
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一、序言我国地下水资源评价标准,自五十年代中期开始,使用从苏联引进的地下水储量,即所谓四大储量——天然动储量、调节储量、永久储量和开采储量。经一段时间使用之后,到六十年代就逐渐发现不少问题,其中一个比较明显的问题是对孔隙承压水的评价很难应用。大约在同一时期,逐渐发现了地面沉降问题。它们是两个截然不同的问题,每个问题都有探讨的必要。但是根据目前研究的情况可知,任何地面沉降的产生,无不与自地层中提取流体有关系(包括石油、天然气和水等)。从这个角度来看,探讨孔隙承压地下水的来源和地面沉降的关系,相信必将对这两方面的研 相似文献
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地面沉降、地裂缝以及油田井管折损等地层形变灾害的产生与发展一般与从地下抽注流体(水或油)的人为活动密切相关。饱水介质的质量守恒理论是抽注流体导致地层形变机理问题的基础研究内容,自Helm(1987)给出了采用孔隙水流速和介质颗粒移动速度表达的饱水介质基本质量守恒方程以来,更系统的储水层质量守恒研究尚未见到报道。 相似文献
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Characterization and mechanism of regional land subsidence in the Yellow River Delta, China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
In this paper, we discuss historical and recent land subsidence in the Modern Yellow River Delta. Integrated analysis of leveling and relevant background data, including groundwater level, oil extraction, and geological structure, has revealed that land displacement is driven by natural and induced components acting at various depths. Since the 1950s, intense settlements occurred in the modern estuary delta lobes. Between 2002 and 2008, the subsidence center of Dongying and Guangrao exhibited a typical subsidence area with subsidence rates of 28.2 and 64.7 mm/years, respectively. Higher magnitudes are associated with groundwater withdrawals and oil–gas field exploitations, which induce the compaction of a deep clayey layer. There existed a significant linear positive correlation between groundwater level and elevation in the center of the deep groundwater depression cone. The major contributor of natural subsidence is tectonic movements, while moderate sinking due to the natural consolidation of the recent delta subsoil is still acting. 相似文献
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A major development programme comprising 15 gas fields of the northern Adriatic Sea has recently been submitted to the Ministry
of the Environment, VIA Committee for the assessment of the environmental impact, by ENI-Agip, the Italian national oil company.
One of the largest reservoirs is Chioggia Mare, located about 10 km offshore of the Venetian littoral, with a burial depth
of 1000–1400 m. The planned gas production from this field is expected to impact the shoreline stability with a potential
threat to the city of Venice, 25 km northwest of the center of Chioggia Mare. To evaluate the risk of anthropogenic land subsidence
due to gas withdrawal, a numerical model was developed that predicts the compaction of both the gas-bearing formations and
the lateral/bottom aquifer (water drive) during a 13-year producing and a 12-year post-production period, and the transference
of the deep compaction to the ground surface. To address the uncertainty of a few important hydromechanical parameters, several
scenarios are simulated and the most pessimistic predictions obtained. The modeling results show that at most 1 cm of land
subsidence over 25 years may be expected at the city of Chioggia, whereas Venice is not subject to settlement. If aquifer
drawdown is mediated by water injection, land subsidence is arrested 5 km offshore, with the Chioggia littoral zone experiencing
a rebound of 0.6–0.7 cm.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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A geomechanical model can reveal the mechanical behavior of rocks and be used to manage the reservoir programs in a better mode. Fluid pressure will be reduced during hydrocarbon production from a reservoir. This reduction of pressure will increase the effective stress due to overburden sediments and will cause porous media compaction and surface subsidence. In some oil fields, the compacting reservoir can support oil and gas production. However, the phenomena can also cause the loss of wells and reduced production and also cause irreparable damage to the surface structures and affect the surrounding environment. For a detailed study of the geomechanical behavior of a hydrocarbon field, a 3D numerical model to describe the reservoir geomechanical characteristics is essential. During this study, using available data and information, a coupled fluid flow-geomechanic model of Fahlian reservoir formation in X-field in SW of Iran was constructed to estimate the amount of land subsidence. According to the prepared model, in this field, the maximum amount of the vertical stress is 110 MPa and the maximum amount of the horizontal stress is 94 MPa. At last, this model is used for the prediction of reservoir compaction and subsidence of the surface. The maximum value of estimated ground subsidence in the study equals to 29 mm. It is considered that according to the obtained values of horizontal and vertical movement in the wall of different wells, those movements are not problematic for casing and well production and also the surrounding environment. 相似文献
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Coal seam gas (CSG) is an increasingly important source of natural gas all over the world. Although the influence of conventional oil and gas extraction on surface subsidence has been widely recognized and studied, few studies are carried out on the surface subsidence in coal seam gas fields and its impact on surface infrastructure and the environment. This paper discusses modelling of the surface subsidence associated with coal seam gas production by applying both analytical and numerical methods. By comparison of results from the numerical model and two analytical models, i.e. the disc-shaped reservoir model and the uniaxial compaction model, the analytical solutions cannot describe the complex process of water and gas extraction and have the limitations to predict the surface subsidence, while the numerical model can be better used in prediction of subsidence. After applying the numerical model in numerical analysis, the deformation characteristics of coupled fluid flow, and the effects of permeability change of coal seam, associated overlying and underlying layers, and depressurization rates on surface subsidence are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can simulate the production of water and gas from coal seams and the associated surface subsidence. 相似文献
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Hydrocarbon recovery has led to compaction and subsidence from the North Sea, to Venezuela, and to the western coast of the US. Subsidence at the Wilmington and Ekofisk oil fields are two of the most widely recognized examples due both to the magnitude of subsidence as well as the cost of remediation. However, while lesser known, subsidence is a challenge for a number of reservoirs. In Venezuela, subsidence due to reservoir depletion has led to severe flooding along the coast of Lake Maracaibo. In the Netherlands, subsidence at the large Groningen gas field, though only on the order of tens of centimeters, poses significant challenges since large portions of the Netherlands are below sea level and protected by dikes.Reservoir compaction and surface, or seabed, subsidence has many impacts, challenges, solutions, and even benefits. Seabed subsidence at the Ekofisk field, for example, has had a well known effect by reducing platform airgap and resulting in the jacking of platforms in 1987, the barrier placement in 1989, and the Ekofisk II redevelopment in 1998. Likewise, subsidence has led to significant pipeline concerns due to excess compressional or tensional strain. Reservoir compaction, the cause of subsidence, has led to numerous casing deformations and poses a notable challenge for well completion. However, reservoir compaction also provides significant drive energy and greatly contributes to increased production and reserves. 相似文献
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A proper understanding and eventual assessment of reservoir compaction and land subsidence is crucial for decision-making in petroleum and gas extraction industry. This paper presents a multi-scale multi-physics study of coupling mechanisms in the long-term compaction of oil/gas bearing sediments, also known as aging. The principal goal of this work is to quantify such coupling mechanisms at different scales and link phenomena occurring at micro- and meso-scales to a mathematical model formulated at a macroscopic continuum level. The interaction between mechanical and non-mechanical processes, originating from intergranular damage and dissolution was examined through modeling the involved phenomena at their respective micro- and meso-scales. Two major consequences that result from the intensified chemo-mechanical coupling were investigated: porosity reduction, and subsequent stiffness and permeability evolution. It appears that permeability is mildly affected by the contact area increase, and for most of the duration, by the precipitation of the mineral solute; stiffening of the grain system results from the mineral precipitation and the consequent redistribution of mass within the pore space. 相似文献
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巴彦淖尔市位于内蒙古自治区西部,区内第四系松散沉积层厚度大,具有发育地面沉降的基础条件。为填补该地区地面沉降研究的空白,利用PS-InSAR和SBAS-InSAR技术分别对巴彦淖尔市2007—2011年（ALOS PALSAR数据,98景）和2015—2016年（Radarsat-2数据,10景）的地面沉降情况进行定量... 相似文献
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天津市地面沉降数值模拟研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
地面沉降是天津市的主要环境地质问题。造成天津市地面沉降的原因很多,但主要原因是大量开采地下水。本文重点研究开采地下水条件下的地面沉降数学模型及模拟,为控制地面沉降提供科学依据。通过对第四系的水文地质条件分析,建立第四系的水文地质概念模型和地层压缩概念模型,并建立相应的准三维水流数学模型和一维地层压缩数学模型,两者通过含水层水头和弱透水层粘性土中孔隙水头的内在联系耦合在一起。利用以往系列水位数据和沉降数据对模型进行标定,模型基本上反映了天津市地面沉降的实际情况。 相似文献