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本文利用Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｐｂ同位素资料，得出横断南极山脉地区新生代火山岩的地幔源区以高μ值的地幔端员ＨＩＭＵ组分为主，并参杂有亏损地幔端员ＤＭＭ组分，原生岩浆由具高μ值特征的ＨＩＭＵ深部地幔柱与浅部欠流圈亏损地幔ＤＭＭ组成混合而成。 相似文献
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立足国内保障国家铁矿资源需求的可行性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国铁矿成矿地质条件有利,铁矿床类型齐全,以沉积变质型、岩浆型铁矿成矿潜力最大,但品位较低;矽卡岩型和火山岩型铁矿规模较小,但富矿较多;沉积型铁矿多为难选冶的铁矿,风化淋滤型铁矿的成矿潜力很小。全国已查明的铁矿资源储量丰富,多属易选铁矿石类型,多分布于东部铁矿生产基地及其附近,如果铁矿石50%立足国内供应,则基础储量可以保障供应超过10年,还有大量资源量可以转化为基础储量,延长保障年限。中国还有大量铁矿点、矿化点有待进一步评价,有大量磁异常有待查证,已知铁矿区的深边部近年来找矿不断取得突破,西部地区铁矿进一步找矿的潜力巨大,具有立足国内长期保障铁矿资源供应的潜力。 相似文献
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GRACE重力卫星可用于观测南极洲冰川的质量变化。由GRACE重力卫星提供的月解重力场能有效探测质量的年变化及长期变化(周期和非周期性)。通过GRACE观测的质量变化时间序列,计算得到南极洲质量的长期变化及周期性年变化。计算结果受多种误差影响,其中GRACE模型误差的影响较小,而研究时段及其跨度的影响较为显著,以不同宽度的时间窗口进行平移,得到无穷时间序列下该误差的参考值为±14.89 mm/a。南极地区的气压修正误差可达±10 mm/a,GIA修正误差与其量级相同。由此我们认为,目前对于南极洲冰川质量变化的一些认识仍需商榷。南极洲西部地区冰川加速消融,Dronning Maud Land和Enderby Land等地区的质量持续累积;其他地区的质量变化情况仍需进一步研究。 相似文献
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辽宁西部地区铁矿类型及勘查开发方向探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
辽宁境内下辽河凹陷以西地区,是晋冀铁矿集中区的东延部分,铁矿资源丰富.根据铁矿成矿地质条件、成矿时代及演化特点,结合近几年勘查开发工作的新进展,认为该地区铁矿床的类型有沉积变质型、沉积型、岩浆型、矽卡岩型和热液型.在寒武纪页岩之下有可能寻找到沉积型铁矿床.在辽西与河北大庙之间的华北地台北缘隆起区,岩浆型铁矿具有较大的找矿潜力,重点靶区为北票松台沟地区,朝阳崔家店地区,建平深井-青风山地区.而沉积变质型铁矿在北票宝国-牛虎头沟,朝阳老西沟,建平大南沟-锅底山、卧龙岗,凌源黑沟等地区的建平岩群中应具有找矿潜力. 相似文献
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F.J. Davey 《Tectonophysics》1985,114(1-4)
Geological and geophysical data over the Antarctic margin are reviewed to define those areas where thick sedimentary sequences occur which may have potential to source hydrocarbons. Where possible, the Waples-Lopatin model has been used to calculate whether the degree of maturation of the sediments is sufficient for hydrocarbons to have been generated.Significant sedimentary sequences occur along the continental margins of Wilkes Land, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land and, as basins or troughs, on the continental shelf of Prydz Bay, Weddell Sea and Ross Sea. Maturation assessments are possible for western Dronning Maud Land, eastern Weddell Sea, western Antarctic Peninsula, Ellsworth Land and Ross Sea regions. Within the great limitations of the data, only western Weddell Sea and Ross Sea basins have maturation values sufficient for the generation of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
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西南极主要由哈格冰原岛峰群、南极半岛、瑟斯顿岛、玛丽·伯德地和埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉五个各具特色的地壳块体组成。通过综述上述各块体主要的岩浆事件及其构造意义,旨在了解西南极的地质演化过程。西南极最古老的岩石为哈格冰原岛峰群地块的前寒武纪正片麻岩,时代为1238 Ma,记录了中元古代弧岩浆作用,其余四个地块记录了~500 Ma以来的地质演化过程。古生代时期,埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉地块处于快速沉降的陆相断陷盆地环境,岩浆活动稀少,与罗斯造山运动形成的弧后伸展有关;玛丽·伯德地地块中—晚古生代发育一套与板块汇聚有关的岩浆作用,形成于活动大陆边缘环境;而南极半岛-瑟斯顿岛地块记录了石炭纪—二叠纪时期弧的发育。各地块的构造背景从侏罗纪开始明显分化,埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉地块记录了侏罗纪板内岩浆作用,可能与大火成岩省有关;玛丽·伯德地地块发育的侏罗纪—早白垩世Ⅰ型弧岩浆岩随时间转变为白垩纪中期的A型碱性岩浆岩,经历了由俯冲向裂解机制的转变;南极半岛-瑟斯顿岛地块侏罗纪—白垩纪为弧岩浆活动活跃期,同时也有大火成岩省火山活动的记录,是持续俯冲和裂解相互作用的产物。新生代岩浆作用以南极半岛地块为代表,弧岩浆作用持续到始新世,其时空分布特征与左行错断扩张脊的分段俯冲和碰撞有关。 相似文献
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A new airborne magnetic survey of the southeastern Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent Weddell Sea embayment (WSE) region suggests a continuity of geological structure between the eastern Antarctic Peninsula and the attenuated continental crust of the Filchner Block. This has implications for the reconstructed position of the Ellsworth–Whitmore Mountains block in Gondwana, which is currently uncertain. Palaeomagnetic data indicate that it has migrated from a Palaeozoic position between South Africa and Coats Land to its current position as a microplate embedded in central West Antarctica. The most obvious route for migration is between the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea embayment. Evidence that geological structures are continuous across the boundary places constraints on the timing and pathway of migration. Magnetic textures suggest the presence of shallow features extending from the Beaumont Glacier Zone (BGZ) in the west for at least 200 km into the Weddell Sea embayment. These data suggest that the Eastern Domain of the Antarctic Peninsula and the stretched continental crust of the Filchner Block share a common recent, probably post-Early Jurassic, history. However, examination of deep anomalies indicates differences in the magnetic characteristics of the two blocks. The boundary may mark either the edge of extended continental crust, or a discontinuity between two, once separated, blocks. This discontinuity, or pre-Late Jurassic Antarctic Peninsula terrane boundaries to the west, may have allowed the passage of the Ellsworth–Whitmore Mountains block to its present location. 相似文献
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The survey of high-P metamorphic rocks in Antarctica can help clarify the geodynamic evolution of the continent by pointing out palaeo-suture zones and constraining the age of subduction and collision events. There are eclogite-facies rocks along the eastern margin of the ‘Mawson block’ (e.g., in the Nimrod Glacier region and George V Land). Some of these have been long forgotten (George V Land; Eyre Peninsula in Australia). Stillwell (1918) described rocks from George V Land containing glaucophane, lawsonite, garnet coronas and symplectites possibly after omphacite. These high-P rocks were apparently involved in the Nimrod-Kimban orogenic cycle and therefore provide a record of convergence along the eastern margin of the Mawson block at ~ 1700 Ma; they could represent one of the oldest blueschist-facies imprint. Many terranes in East Antarctica underwent a tectonometamorphic evolution during the Grenvillian (1300–900 Ma) and/or the Pan-African (600–500 Ma) orogenies, corresponding to the amalgamation of Rodinia and Gondwana, respectively. High-P relicts have been described or are suspected to occur in these terranes. Garnet-bearing coronitic metagabbros, in some cases possibly containing omphacite, are common in Dronning Maud Land and the Rayner Complex. They formed under high-P granulite-facies or eclogite-facies conditions and recall similar metabasites from the Grenville mobile belt of Canada. Note that some reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent consider these two Antarctic regions as an extension of the Grenvillian belt of Canada. Other eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks and ophiolites (Shackleton Range and possibly Sverdrupfjella) belong to the Pan-African mobile belt extending from Tanzania to East Antarctica. Since the Cambrian, the terranes of West Antarctica have been accreted along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana/Antarctica during several subduction-accretion orogenies. The ultrahigh-P metamorphic rocks of Northern Victoria Land formed through the accretion of an arc-backarc system during the Cambrian-Ordovician Ross orogeny; eclogites of the same orogeny also exist in Tasmania and Australia. Lastly, on the western edge of the Antarctic Peninsula, the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Andean orogeny generated a subduction-accretionary complex containing blueschist-facies rocks. 相似文献
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根据西南极已发表的中—新生代古地磁数据,对西南极不同地块进行了古大陆重建。识别出古太平洋板块对西南极构造演化影响广泛的两次构造事件:一是120~100 Ma古太平洋板块内翁通爪哇-马尼希基-希库朗基大火成岩省的喷发与全球板块洋壳扩张速率高峰期引起的西南极瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸与东玛丽·伯德地快速南向移动;二是古太平洋-凤凰板块洋中脊在~100 Ma俯冲至西南极之下导致的以罗斯海区域为主的岩石圈伸展、瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸与玛丽·伯德地远离东南极以及南极半岛发生南向运动与顺时针旋转。证明太平洋板块俯冲与西南极板块运动的耦合关系。未来需要在西南极获得更多具有准确年代学限制的可靠的古地磁数据,这将对西南极的构造演化模式提供更多的制约,并有助于深入理解南极大陆的构造演化过程、板块生长与裂解的地球动力学机制。 相似文献
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R. A. Glen I. C. W. Fitzsimons W. L. Griffin A. Saeed 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(2):143-224
Lower to upper Middle Ordovician quartz-rich turbidites form the bedrock of the Lachlan Orogen in the southern Tasmanides of eastern Australia and occupy a present-day deformed volume of ～2–3 million km3. We have used U–Pb and Hf-isotope analyses of detrital zircons in biostratigraphically constrained turbiditic sandstones from three separate terranes of the Lachlan Orogen to investigate possible source regions and to compare similarities and differences in zircon populations. Comparison with shallow-water Lower Ordovician sandstones deposited on the subsiding margin of the Gondwana craton suggests different source regions, with Grenvillian zircons in shelf sandstones derived from the Musgrave Province in central Australia, and Panafrican sources in shelf sandstones possibly locally derived. All Ordovician turbiditic sandstone samples in the Lachlan Orogen are dominated by ca 490–620 Ma (late Panafrican) and ca 950–1120 Ma (late Grenvillian) zircons that are sourced mainly from East Antarctica. Subtle differences between samples point to different sources. In particular, the age consistency of late Panafrican zircon data from the most inboard of our terranes (Castlemaine Group, Bendigo Terrane) suggests they may have emanated directly from late Grenvillian East Antarctic belts, such as in Dronning Maud Land and subglacial extensions that were reworked in the late Panafrican. Changes in zircon data in the more outboard Hermidale and Albury-Bega terranes are more consistent with derivation from the youngest of four sedimentary sequences of the Ross Orogen of Antarctica (Cambrian–Ordovician upper Byrd Group, Liv Group and correlatives referred to here as sequence 4) and/or from the same mixture of sources that supplied that sequence. These sources include uncommon ca 650 Ma rift volcanics, late Panafrican Ross arc volcanics, now largely eroded, and some <545 Ma Granite Harbour Intrusives, representing the roots of the Ross Orogen continental-margin arc. Unlike farther north, Granite Harbour Intrusives between the Queen Maud and Pensacola mountains of the southern Ross Orogen contain late Grenvillian zircon xenocrysts (derived from underlying relatively juvenile basement), as well as late Panafrican magmatic zircons, and are thus able to supply sequence 4 and the Lachlan Ordovician turbidites with both these populations. Other zircons and detrital muscovites in the Lachlan Ordovician turbidites were derived from relatively juvenile inland Antarctic sources external to the orogen (e.g. Dronning Maud Land, Sør Rondane and a possible extension of the Pinjarra Orogen) either directly or recycled through older sedimentary sequences 2 (Beardmore and Skelton groups) and 3 (e.g. Hannah Ridge Formation) in the Ross Orogen. Shallow-water, forearc basin sequence 4 sediments (or their sources) fed turbidity currents into outboard, deeper-water parts of the forearc basin and led to deposition of the Ordovician turbidites ～2500–3400 km to the north in backarc-basin settings of the Lachlan Orogen. 相似文献
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V. S. Semenov V. M. Mikhailov E. V. Koptev-Dvornikov A. B. Ford O. G. Shulyatin S. V. Semenov D. A. Tkacheva 《Petrology》2014,22(6):547-573
The paper addresses the current understanding of the inner structure of the layered intrusions at Dufek Massif in the Pensacola Mountains and the Utpostane and Muren intrusions in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, which are still poorly known to Russian geologists. The magmatic events at approximately 180 Ma, including the emplacement of layered intrusions, are thought to had predated the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent. The spatiotemporal similarities of the intrusions determine the importance of the problem of whether they were produced by a single or more than one parental magmas, which are thought to have been derived under the effect of a superplume. 相似文献
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A history of Holocene glaciation in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic affords insight into questions concerning present and future ice-sheet and mountain-glacier behavior and global climate and sea-level change. Existing records permit broad correlation of Holocene ice fluctuations within the region. In several areas, ice extent was less than at present in mid-Holocene time. An important exception to this is the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which has undergone continued recession throughout the Holocene, probably in response to internal dynamics. The first Neoglacial ice advances occurred at 5.0 ka, although some sites (e.g., western Ross Sea) lack firm evidence for glacial expansion at that time. Glaciers in all areas underwent renewed growth in the past millennium, and most have subsequently undergone recession in the past 50 years, ranging from near-catastrophic in parts of the Antarctic Peninsula to minor in the western Ross Sea region and sections of East Antarctica. This magnitude difference likely reflects the much greater warming that is taking place in the Antarctic Peninsula region today as compared to East Antarctica. 相似文献
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随着国际横穿南极科学考察计划的实施, 近年来开展了沿中山站-Dome A考察路线的冰芯研究, 获得了伊丽莎白公主地250 a来气候环境变化的高分辨率记录. 通过与Lambert冰川流域西侧有关研究结果的对比, 揭示了该冰川谷地为东南极洲重要气候分界线的特征. 综合南极地区其它地点冰芯记录和冰盖变化研究结果, 发现以小冰期为代表的寒冷期在东南极洲较为明显, 在西南极洲则不明显, 甚或恰好相反, 表现为温暖阶段. 就东南极洲来说, 也存在明显的区域差异: 以Lambert冰川谷地为界, 东部地区, 如Wilkes Land (Law Dome), Victoria Land北部(Hercules Neve)等地, 小冰期冷期比较突出;西部地区, 如Dronning Maud Land和Mizuho高原, 情况不是很明确. Lambert冰川流域是非常特殊的地方, 虽然小冰期冷期也存在, 但1850年前后的显著高温和近100多年来的降温与南极洲其它地方都不一样, 而与南极半岛北侧一冰芯所给出的400 a温度变化记录极为相似, 我们尚不能解释为何如此遥远的两个地点具有很好的一致性而与其它地方则不一致. 相似文献