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大兴安岭北段根河地区早白垩世火山杂岩按岩石及其地球化学特征，可划分为3类：第Ⅰ类为流纹质岩石，富Si、碱，低Al、Ti，Na2O／K2O〈1，具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0．27-0．59），富Rb，贫Sr、Ba；第Ⅱ类为粗面英安质岩石，富Al、Ti，Na2O／K2O〉1，具弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0．65-0．95），富Sr、Ba，贫Rb；研究认为第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类岩石产于挤压隆升相伴的拉张至造山后伸展构造环境。第Ⅲ类由安粗岩、歪长粗面岩组成，富Ti、Al，Na2O／K2O≥1．1，Eu无异常（δEu=0．93-1，06），Th／Ta、Ta／Hf值显示大陆板内伸展环境，其形成可能与玄武质岩浆的底侵作用有关。 相似文献
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上白垩统马头山组大村段是云南楚雄盆地的主要含铜层位之一。通过六苴zK24401钻孔岩芯样品地球化学研究,认为大村段是半干旱-半潮湿气候条件下盆地边缘的湖泊沉积形成,沉积物距物源区较近,其沉积演化过程与物源区具有一致性。主元素组成的W（SiO2＋Al2Oa＋K2O＋Na2O）占49．64％～81．84％,n（SiO2）／n（Al2O3）平均值为3．65,n（Al）／n（Al＋Fe＋Mn）值为0．71～0．78,n（Si）／n（Si＋Al＋Fe）值为0．69～0．87,反映出沉积物物源以陆源为主;n（Al2O3）／n．（Al2O3＋Fe3O3）值为0．79～0．91,显示了大陆边缘沉积环境的特点;K2O／Na2O多大于1,表明物源区主要为偏酸性的花岗质岩石。沉积旋回造成多层泥页岩中Cu、Zn、Sb等元素初始富集。稀土总量ω（EREE）为104．12×10^-6～181．69×10^-6,n（La）N／n（Yb）N〉1,轻重稀土分异程度较高,稀土配分模式为Eu、Ce亏损——轻稀土富集右斜型。 相似文献
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沸石类矿物因其具有特殊的离子交换与吸附性能,因而较早尝试性地应用于一些工业技术领域。随着研究逐步深入,沸石矿物物理化学已经成为当今矿物学科中的一个研究热点。然而同有色金属密切共生的红辉沸石的产出及对其矿床矿物学研究的报道在国内外却为数不多。最近作者在新疆东天山三岔口铜矿考察中发现一种橙红色矿物,经扫描电镜、化学成分、差热-热重、X射线衍射物相鉴定等分析,确认系一种富铜红辉沸石,在新疆地区尚未有见报道。其晶体化学式为(Na2,Ca)Al2Si7O18.7H2O。该矿物同前人资料相比,地质产状虽很相似,但含铜量w(CuO)高达1.02%,超出微含量的范围,Na、Mg含量高而Si低。 相似文献
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采用等温蒸发法研究简单四元体系Na＋／／Cl-,CO3^2-,B4O7^2--H2O273K时的介稳相平衡,并测定该体系273K平衡液相中各组分的溶解度及密度,该体系的介稳相图和密度组成图显示：该四元体系在273K时的相图由3条溶解度单变量线、3个结晶区及1个共饱和点组成。体系属简单共饱型,无复盐或固溶体形成,3个结晶区分别对应单盐Na2CO3·10H2O,NaCl和Na2B4O7·10H2O。共饱点E处于Na2CO3·10H2O,NaCl及NaB4O7·10H2O3盐共饱和,所对应的平衡液相组成为w（Na2CO3）=6．81％,w（NaCl）=21．69％,w（Na2B4O7）=0．65％,w（H2O）=70．85％。研究体系在273K下,Na2CO3·10H2O是碳酸钠盐的唯一析出形式,且硼酸钠对碳酸钠有盐析作用。 相似文献
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从西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现一个由70-80种奇异矿物组成的地幔矿物群，其中包括一种成分特殊的尖晶石类矿物。该种尖晶石呈包裹体分布在毒砂中，28粒该矿物的平均化学成分：Na2O 1.58％，MgO7．52％，Al2O3 36．59％，SiO2 44．45％，FeO 8．72％，并含少量CaO和TiO2。经激光拉曼谱仪测试，一部分颗粒具有Franclinite（锌铁尖晶石ZnFe2O4）拉曼谱。根据尖晶石结构和化学成分，可以得出两种分子式：（Mg0．52Na0．14Fe0.32Al0.74）1.72（Si2.00Al1.20）3.20O8和（Mg0.52Na0.14Fe0.32Si0.50）1.48相（Si1.50Al1.94）3．44O8。两种分子式都表明阳离子Si呈六配位占据尖晶石八面体晶格位置。Si离子呈六配位的硅酸盐。实验证明具有超高压性质，来自相当于过渡带400-670km的深部。表明西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩（古大洋岩石圈）的岩浆活动达到过渡带。可能是地幔柱活动将硅尖晶石类等超高压矿物搬运到上地幔浅部的。 相似文献
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大兴安岭敖包查干地区安山岩年代学、地球化学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在大兴安岭敖包查干地区首次识别出中三叠世安山质岩石,主要岩性为玄武质安山岩、粗面安山岩,应用锆石U—DbLA—ICPM—AS法定年,结果表明安山岩形成于234．8±3．2Ma～231．4±1．2Ma,属中三叠世。地球化学特征显示,研究区安山岩具高SiO2（54．19％～62．30％）、A12O3（15．78％～17．30％）、K20（1．77％～3．92％）、Na2O（2．95％～5．66％）、Na2O＋K20（5．4～8．99）的特征和低MgO（1．23％～3．66％,Mg^#=27．89～50．48）含量,并与SiO2含量呈负相关关系。岩石富Na20（Na2O／K2O=1．01～2．86）,铝指数A／CNK=0．81～1．21,属准铝质一弱过铝质钙碱性系列岩石。富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）K、Rb、Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）№、Ta、P、Ti,轻重稀土元素分馏明显[（LaMb）N=3．31～10．33]．无Eu异常（δEu=0．80～1．03）,显示弧火山岩的特征,但所研究样品的Zr、Hf呈弱正异常、Rb弱负异常却不同于正常岛弧安山岩,Zr／Y—Zr图解以及高钾特征显示出板内伸展构造环境的特征。综合研究表明敖包查干地区中三叠世钙碱性安山岩可能为古亚洲洋残余俯冲洋壳部分熔融的产物,与底侵作用有关,形成于大陆内部伸展构造环境。 相似文献
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文章研究了采用酸、碱、盐改性红辉沸石和加热活化红辉沸石对改性红辉沸石去除水溶液中氨氮的影响效果。实验结果表明：（1）用红辉沸石去除溶液中氨氮的实验条件选择如下：1搅拌时间为30min;2沸石粒度为40～60目;3沸石用量为2g;4氯化氨溶液浓度为40mg/L;5氯化氨溶液用量为80ml。（2）采用高温活化对提高红辉沸石去除氨氮效率的作用不明显。（3）酸和碱改性对提高红辉沸石去除氨氮的效率有一定的作用,其中盐酸改性的红辉沸石去除氨氮效率为16.2%,硫酸改性的红辉沸石去除氨氮效率为13.1%,碱改性的红辉沸石去除氨氮效率为25.6%。（4）盐改性对红辉沸石去除水溶液中氨氮的影响效果巨大：经盐改性后,去除率由9.6%升高至72.6%。 相似文献
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赣东北地区不同时代硅质岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
赣东北地区硅质岩各时代均有不同程度的发育,各时代硅质岩的SiO2含量变化范围为74．90％～97．19％,Si／Al为10．84～93．21,与Al2O3呈较好的负相关关系,表明它们含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物,硅质岩样品的Al2O3／(Al2O3+F2O3)=0．60～0．99,Ce／Ce=0．99～1．22,(La／Ce)N=0．91～1．83,V／Y<5．78,Ti／V>17。上述特征表明本区硅质岩形成于大陆边缘构造环境,而与大洋盆地及洋中脊构造环境无关。自古生代以来,该地区没有出现深海大洋盆地环境。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献