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1.
天水地区关子镇流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩主要由变质辉长岩—辉长闪长岩—闪长岩组成,百花变质岩浆杂岩主要由辉石岩—辉长(闪长)岩—闪长岩—石英闪长岩组成,构成较完整的同源岩浆演化序列。基性—中基性岩浆岩的地球化学特征表明其属于拉斑玄武岩系列,稀土元素分布型式呈REE近平坦型—LREE轻微富集型,微量元素原始地幔标准化的蛛网图和MORB标准化蛛网图上的分布型式总体很相似,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Ba、Sr、Th、U而相对亏损Rb、K和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Zr、Sm、Ti和Y,显示同源岩浆演化成因特征。微量元素构造环境判别显示其形成于岛弧构造环境。关子镇流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(507.5±3.0)Ma,代表了杂岩体的形成时代,表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚寒武世,同时也揭示出以关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用及产生岛弧型岩浆活动的时限可能为晚寒武世—早奥陶世。  相似文献   

2.
西秦岭北缘早古生代天水-武山构造带位于甘肃省东部天水地区,主要由寒武纪关子镇-武山蛇绿岩带、晚寒武世-早奥陶世李子园群浅变质活动陆缘沉积-火山岩系、奥陶纪草滩沟群岛弧型火山-沉积岩系以及加里东期岛弧型深成侵入岩体、俯冲-碰撞型花岗岩体等组成.关子镇蛇绿岩中变质基性火山岩属于N-MORB型玄武岩,武山蛇绿岩中变质基性火山岩属于E-MORB型玄武岩,是洋脊型蛇绿岩的重要组成部分,形成时代大致在534~489Ma之间的寒武纪.李子园群火山岩主要形成于岛弧或与岛弧相关的弧前盆地构造环境,草滩沟群火山岩形成于与俯冲作用相关的岛弧环境.关子镇流水沟和百花中基性岩浆杂岩总体形成于中晚奥陶世(471~440Ma)古岛弧构造环境,同时发育加里东期俯冲型(450~456Ma)花岗岩类和碰撞型(438~400Ma)花岗岩类岩浆活动.西秦岭北缘早古生代古洋陆构造格局经历了从洋盆形成-洋壳俯冲消减直至陆-陆碰撞造山的板块构造演化过程.总体构造演化可划分为四个阶段:①晚寒武世古洋盆初始形成阶段;②早奥陶世洋盆初始俯冲阶段;③中晚奥陶世洋壳大规模俯冲与古岛弧发育阶段;④志留纪陆-陆或陆-弧碰撞造山阶段.  相似文献   

3.
西秦岭北缘早古生代天水—武山构造带位于甘肃省东部天水地区,主要由寒武纪关子镇武山蛇绿岩带、晚寒武世—早奥陶世李子园群浅变质活动陆缘沉积火山岩系、奥陶纪草滩沟群岛弧型火山沉积岩系以及加里东期岛弧型深成侵入岩体、俯冲碰撞型花岗岩体等组成。关子镇蛇绿岩中变质基性火山岩属于NMORB型玄武岩,武山蛇绿岩中变质基性火山岩属于EMORB型玄武岩,是洋脊型蛇绿岩的重要组成部分,形成时代大致在534~489Ma之间的寒武纪。李子园群火山岩主要形成于岛弧或与岛弧相关的弧前盆地构造环境,草滩沟群火山岩形成于与俯冲作用相关的岛弧环境。关子镇流水沟和百花中基性岩浆杂岩总体形成于中晚奥陶世(471~440Ma)古岛弧构造环境,同时发育加里东期俯冲型(450~456Ma)花岗岩类和碰撞型(438~400Ma)花岗岩类岩浆活动。西秦岭北缘早古生代古洋陆构造格局经历了从洋盆形成洋壳俯冲消减直至陆陆碰撞造山的板块构造演化过程。总体构造演化可划分为四个阶段:①晚寒武世古洋盆初始形成阶段;②早奥陶世洋盆初始俯冲阶段;③中晚奥陶世洋壳大规模俯冲与古岛弧发育阶段;④志留纪陆陆或陆弧碰撞造山阶段。  相似文献   

4.
西秦岭北缘天水地区关子镇蛇绿岩由变质基性火山岩(斜长角闪片岩)和蛇纹岩、变辉石岩、变辉长岩等构造岩块组成.其中的变质基性火山岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,显示关子镇蛇绿岩是洋脊型蛇绿岩残片.对蛇绿岩中的辉长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,得到206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(499.7±1.8)Ma(MSWD=2.2),代表了辉长岩的结晶年龄,表明关子镇蛇绿岩是晚寒武世在西秦岭北缘李子园-关子镇-武山洋盆扩张过程中岩浆活动的产物,代表了东秦岭早古生代商丹古洋盆在西秦岭造山带北缘向西延伸的组成部分.  相似文献   

5.
摘〓要:[HT5K]利用阴极发光和LA ICP MS微区定年分析方法,对甘肃天水地区百花岩浆杂岩中的辉长岩进行了单颗粒锆石U Pb同位素分析。百花岩浆杂岩体主要由辉石岩—辉长(闪长)岩—闪长岩—石英闪长岩组成,构成较完整的同源岩浆演化序列,地球化学研究表明其形成于岛弧构造环境。对百花岩浆杂岩中辉长岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb同位素定年结果表明,其同位素年龄为(449.7±3.1)Ma(MSWD=1.9),形成于晚奥陶世,表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚奥陶世,结合区域地质资料,揭示出以西秦岭北缘关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用及产生岛弧型岩浆活动的时限为中晚奥陶世。   相似文献   

6.
西秦岭关子镇蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
西秦岭沿天水武山断裂带产出的关子镇蛇绿混杂岩由变玄武岩、变中-基性深成岩浆岩以及少量蛇纹岩组成。变玄武岩具有平坦或轻稀土略亏损的稀土配分型式((La/Yb)_N=0.63~1.24),且不存在Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,表明它们形成于洋中脊环境。变中-基性深成岩浆岩包含两种类型:类型Ⅰ显示轻稀土富集((La/Yb)_N>2.2)、具有显著Nb负异常((La/Nb)_N>2.4)的特征,类似于岛弧火山岩;类型Ⅱ显示轻稀土亏损到略富集((La/Yb)_N=0.44~1.38)、无显著Nb负异常((La/Nb)_N<1.5),这些特征与上述变玄武岩类似,表明它们也是关子镇蛇绿岩的组成部分。蛇绿岩中辉长岩和闪长岩(该闪长岩属"大洋斜长花岗岩类")样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为534±9Ma和517±8Ma,这反映关子镇蛇绿岩可能为早-中寒武世古洋壳残片。由于西秦岭的天水武山断裂带是东秦岭商丹断裂带的西延并共同被认为是华北和华南陆块之间的主缝合线,上述年龄对理解该带及古秦岭洋的演化提供了重要制约。  相似文献   

7.
柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山系统   总被引:18,自引:6,他引:18  
柴达木盆地北缘在早古生代形成了一条碰撞造山带,该造山带结构保存较完整,可分辨出深俯冲板片、火山岛弧带、蛇绿杂岩带、岛弧深成岩带等组成单元。其中,俯冲板块主要由中元古代鱼卡河岩群和中新元古代花岗片麻岩构成,在寒武纪末-奥陶纪可能全部或部分俯冲到岩石圈深部,发生了高压-超高压变质作用。火山岛弧主要由中基性火山岩、细碎屑岩等组成,成岩时代为晚寒武世-奥陶纪。蛇绿杂岩带由超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、玄武岩和少量硅质岩组成,形成于弧后扩张脊构造背景,成岩时代为寒武纪-奥陶纪。岛弧深成岩成分变化较大,由闪长岩变化到花岗岩,成岩时代为奥陶纪。而造山带北侧的欧龙布鲁克微陆块则具有双层结构,由德令哈杂岩和达肯大坂岩群构成基底,盖层为全吉群。  相似文献   

8.
北祁连山俯冲杂岩带的构造演化   总被引:76,自引:2,他引:76  
北祁连位位于华北克拉西部阿拉善地块与中祁连-柴达木泛地块之间是我国最具特色的大陆造山带之一。带内发育有震旦纪-中寒武世的裂谷火山岩,晚寒武世-奥陶纪蛇绿岩,中晚奥陶世岛弧火山岩,晚奥陶世弧后拉张盆地火山-沉积岩,志留纪残余海盆相复理石和泥盆纪山间磨粒石等,中间夹两条变质和变形特征不同的加里东期俯冲杂岩带;南带为深层俯冲,北带为浅层俯冲杂岩;这两条杂岩石可能形成于同一俯冲带的不同深度,俯冲杂岩带中岩  相似文献   

9.
西秦岭天水地区关子镇蛇绿岩的厘定及其地质意义   总被引:32,自引:6,他引:32  
西秦岭天水地区关子镇蛇绿岩由变质基性火山岩(斜长角闪片岩)和蛇纹岩、变辉石岩、变辉长岩等构造岩块组成。其中的变质基性火山岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,显示关子镇蛇绿岩是洋脊型蛇绿岩残片,是新元古代一早古生代期间西秦岭李子园-关子镇-武山洋盆扩张过程中岩浆活动的产物,代表了东秦岭商丹斗早古生代古缝合带在西秦岭造山带向西延伸的组成部分。  相似文献   

10.
周海  陈亮  孙勇 《地质通报》2017,36(9):1569-1582
野外地质调查发现尾亚地区分布的主体为岛弧杂岩,被更晚的造山后花岗岩如钾长花岗岩等侵入改造。尾亚地区的岛弧杂岩受造山作用的改造,局部发生了一定程度的变质变形作用。这套变质岩分布局限,变质程度较低且主要为绿片岩相,劈理化强。2个样品YM01、YM02分别为黑云斜长变粒岩、角闪斜长变粒岩,其原岩分别为中酸性火山碎屑岩及闪长岩。2个样品的锆石年龄记录了中天山地块北侧的岛弧岩浆事件,表明古亚洲洋(北天山洋)从奥陶纪已经开始,一直持续到泥盆纪由北向南持续俯冲。俯冲过程在晚寒武世开始,暗示中天山地块北侧在当时已经发生了构造转换,作为一个微陆块由被动大陆边缘转变为主动大陆边缘。另外,岛弧杂岩体中没有前寒武纪年龄记录的特征,表明区域内的前寒武纪基底物质分布有限,而变质变形强烈的部分多为造山过程的产物,是在造山带后期改造形成的。  相似文献   

11.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

12.
本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

13.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

14.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

15.
本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

18.
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.  相似文献   

19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.  相似文献   

20.
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

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