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舟曲“8．8”特大泥石流灾后治理中的关键技术研究是治理工程首先需要解决的问题,包括3个关系,即泥石流流量与排导沟断面关系、泥石流冲击力与拦挡坝强度关系、泥石流物源级配与柔性防护拦疏关系。提出了长流水小排水槽、一般山洪泥石流中排导槽、特大山洪泥石流生态景观休闲大缓冲区的设计理念,解决了百年一遇泥石流对排导沟流量与断面的设计要求。提出用钢混结构重力式拦挡墙替代原有浆砌块石重力式拦挡墙,满足了坝体对冲击力与强度的关系。建议在流通区设置SNS柔性防护网,采用钢丝绳环形网在发挥拦挡的同时达到泄水的要求。研究成果对于舟曲泥石流灾后治理设计方案具有科学价值。 相似文献
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以高位泥石流、碎屑流区桩梁组合新型拦挡结构为研究对象, 在总结已有桩梁组合结构的基础上, 运用颗粒流分析仿真程序、通用显示动力分析程序分别对碎屑流冲击下单排、多排桩林及桩梁组合结构拦挡效果、不同位置桩梁组合结构拦挡效果对比模拟以及桩梁组合结构受力特征模拟研究, 探讨了拦挡结构阻挡后碎屑流堆积特征和结构应力传递特征。计算结果表明: 碎屑流中较大粒径颗粒与拦挡结构、两侧沟道边界接触形成的桩-巨石力链拦挡效应可有效阻挡、迟滞后续碎屑流运动, 桩梁组合结构桩-巨石力链拦挡效应最佳; 第一排桩和第二排桩之间改流区进一步抑制了碎屑流速度; 桩梁组合结构在设计布置位置时, 一方面要考虑在碎屑流启动、势动转换过程中尽早抑制碎屑流速度, 另一方面仍需重视库容的设计, 谨防跃顶造成部分碎屑流逃逸, 在上述二者之间选择最优解进行位置布置; 碎屑流巨石冲击桩梁组合结构时, 冲击应力将通过连梁分散传递到后排桩, 连系梁两端连接部分的应力几乎达到屈服强度, 需加强配筋。 相似文献
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冲击荷载下泥石流拦挡坝动力响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王秀丽;黄兆升 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2013,24(4):61-65
泥石流具有强烈的冲击破坏作用,是防治结构毁损的重要影响因素,本文基于计算流体动力学理论,采用流体分析软件CFX对黏性泥石流进行模拟,得到了泥石流速度场和压力场的分布特征。采用流固耦合分析方法,运用有限元程序ANSYS对一新型泥石流拦挡结构在泥石流冲击力作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟,得到结构的位移时程曲线和应力时程曲线。通过对比分析新型拦挡坝与普通实体坝的响应,得到一些有益的结论。研究表明:冲击力随流速增大而增大,大块石的冲击作用是使结构破坏的重要因素,该结果为泥石流拦挡工程的设计提供了参考。 相似文献
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拦挡坝已大量应用于泥石流治理工程中。它不仅能拦蓄部分泥石流固相物质,减小泥石流规模,还能稳定沟坡、控制沟道侵蚀,抑制泥石流发育。本文梳理了泥石流拦挡坝的研究成果,分析总结出工程设计中拦挡坝存在以下问题:(1)相关泥石流运动特征参数的计算问题;(2)拦挡坝修建级数与设计库容的选取问题;(3)拦挡坝的结构型式与坝体材料选取问题;(4)拦挡坝的清淤问题;(5)与格栅坝设计相关的问题。基于以上问题,提出今后拦挡坝应重点发展以下研究方向:(1)拦挡坝设计方法改进和结构型式创新;(2)基于水土分离的泥石流防治理念;(3)基于物质和能量调控的泥石流减灾技术。 相似文献
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柔性防护网是防治泥石流灾害的重要工程措施之一,现有防治结构以闭口防护网形式为主,易发生堵塞且调控能力欠佳。为此,提出一种开口柔性防护网结构,并基于理论分析、物理模型试验开展了开口柔性防护网对泥石流的调控性能研究,推导泥石流速度衰减率、爬升高度和柔性防护网拦挡率的理论公式。结果表明：与闭口柔性防护网结构相比,该结构起到了良好的自清洁作用,且可有效调控泥石流速度峰值;所推导的无量纲理论公式计算结果与物理试验结果具有较好的一致性;速度衰减率、爬升高度和拦挡率主要由相对开口高度、无量纲流深、泥石流相对密度和弗罗德数控制;速度衰减率和拦挡率与相对开口高度呈负相关,与泥石流相对密度呈正相关,爬升高度与相对开口高度、相对密度均呈负相关。上述研究可为开口柔性防护网在泥石流防治工程中的应用提供理论及技术支持。 相似文献
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为提高泥石流重力式拦挡坝的设计安全和避免资金投入过大而造成浪费,选择合理的泥石流冲击力作为设计依据尤为重要。文章结合舟曲县三眼峪沟灾后重建防治工程相关数据,利用有限元软件ABAQUS进行计算分析,采用增量加载的数值计算方法,分别求得2种工况下重力式拦挡坝的抗冲击力。根据三眼峪沟治理工程运行至今的反馈情况,证明在泥石流治理工程设计中,冲击力选择工况1和2的平均值较合理,同时说明该方法与经验公式结合使用,其结果更加精确可靠,在泥石流工程设计和研究中具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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2010年8月8日,舟曲县城北侧三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟暴发的特大山洪泥石流,给舟曲县城人民生命财产造成了巨大损失。本文基于对舟曲"8.8"泥石流灾害的现场勘查和治理工程设计项目,从施工的难易程度、工程投资、安全性和服务年限4个方面对拦挡坝的类型,以及从工程投资、占地和安全性3个方面对排导渠的路线进行了详细的论证,选取钢筋混凝土拦挡坝和在原有排导渠的基础上截弯取直修建复式排导渠作为三眼峪沟泥石流灾害最优的治理措施,该措施的应用对同类工程地质条件下灾害治理工程的设计方案的选择具有借鉴作用。 相似文献
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泥石流流体容重、流速、冲击力是表征泥石流活动特征众多指标中的三个关键指标.本文在分析国内外对这些指标评估现状的基础上,总结了应用较普遍的估算公式,对比了不同公式的特点及其适用性.比较结果认为:由于泥石流组成和运动状态的复杂性以及影响因素的多样性,对于这三个指标,目前的估算公式都不具有普适性.在当前的认知水平下,建立基于各个地区泥石流特点的指标估算经验公式是最为实用的途径.在各个指标经验公式的建立方法上,考虑各个粒组的多变量容重统计分析方法相对较为合理;泥石流流速估算公式的建立途径在我国、前苏联和欧美国家之间有显著差异,前二者基于曼宁公式,后者基于强迫涡流公式、以弯道超高为主要参数;泥石流冲击力的估算方法国内外都以动量理论为基础,区别主要体现在经验系数取值上,巨石冲击力的计算则都考虑了拦挡建筑物的特点. 相似文献
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基于极限分析上限定理与土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,考虑土的强度分布的非均质性与各向异性, 建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式。对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,考虑土的强度非均质性与各向异性的条件,利用极限分析上限定理建立阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧有效土压力。通过大量的变动参数对比计算,探讨了土的强度的非均质性与各向异性等因素对阻滑桩桩侧极限抗力及最优加固位置的影响。 相似文献
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阻滑桩加固土坡稳定性分析的上限解法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从极限分析机动学方法出发,利用土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的临界稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式.对于典型问题,通过与现有极限平衡解和有限元数值解的对比分析,验证了这种上限解法的合理性.进而对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,利用极限分析上限定理建立了阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定了极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧土压力,以此为土坡加固中阻滑桩设计提供依据.通过数值计算与分析探讨了阻滑桩加固位置的优化布置等问题. 相似文献
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In order to gain a better understanding of pile-soil interaction under lateral loading, this paper presents a numerical analysis which combines the infinite and finite element method. Interest is focused on the group effect on ultimate lateral soil resistance. Firstly, a single isolated pile is analysed and reasonably good agreement is found between existing analytical solutions and results obtained by the present method. A limited parametric study is also presented and some parameters influencing the ultimate lateral soil resistance are identified. The analysis of pile groups is then considered and it is shown that the group effect tends to reduce pile capacity when the spacings between piles are within the practical ranges. The extent of the reduction depends on the arrangement of piles within the group. 相似文献
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Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
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针对纵截面异形桩（扩底桩和楔形桩）、等混凝土用量常规等直径桩的水平向承载特性进行对比模型试验研究,测得不同水平荷载等级下扩底桩和楔形桩的内力、变形、极限承载力和桩侧土压力分布等变化规律特性;初步探讨3种桩型的水平极限承载特性和桩侧土压力分布规律。考虑纵向截面异形效应,基于水平土抗力与水平位移（p-y）曲线法建立纵截面异形桩水平向承载特性理论计算方法,进一步分析弯矩分布规律,并开展影响因素分析。研究结果表明,在当前试验条件下,等混凝土用量楔形桩的水平向承载力比等直径桩的高,砂性土和黏性土中楔形桩水平向极限承载力约分别为等直径桩的1.25倍和1.33倍。相关研究成果可为今后类似土层下水平受荷纵截面异形桩的设计与计算提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Piled foundations are frequently subjected to simultaneous axial and lateral loadings. However, the interaction effects of the one loading on the other are, in most cases, disregarded for the sake of simplicity. With the aim of evaluating this effect, a detailed research work on the response of a single pile under simultaneous application of axial and lateral loading was carried out. A qualitative assessment of the effect was initially attempted and the effect was afterwards quantified, based on the results of an intensive three-dimensional parametric numerical analysis. The influence arising from pile head fixity and the second order phenomenon was examined, while the post-peak behaviour was also considered using a strain hardening/softening constitutive law. Interesting conclusions have been drawn, providing a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the effect on clayey and sandy soils. It was also found that no loading interaction effect is developed, when ultimate limit state is applied for a piled foundation design. On the contrary, when the serviceability limit state is applied and if the pile capacity in both lateral and axial loading is simultaneously reached, a reduction in the pile axial capacity is observed in the case of clayey soils. On the contrary, in the case of sandy soils the action of a lateral load is leading to an increase of pile axial capacity. 相似文献
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软岩地区钻孔嵌岩灌注桩承载力确定的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
单桩承载力的确定,在桩基础的设计中占有重要地位。但在软岩地区由于地层岩性的不同,单桩承载力的实际工作性状与国家规范的规定之间不尽相同。根据实测资料对软岩地区的单桩承载力的确定方法进行探讨,综合考虑嵌岩段侧阻力与端阻力之间的相互协调对嵌岩段所能提供的承载力的影响,提出一种新的计算方法,并结合工程实例,进行验证。 相似文献
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应用水平条分法与极限平衡原理讨论了抗拔桩在分层地基中的极限承载力、破裂面、土体性质的关系。将破裂面看成是由若干段组合而成的复合破裂面,并沿各段将边坡水平条分为多块体。在假设边坡岩土体服从摩尔-库仑屈服准则条件下,根据极限平衡原理,建立抗拔桩极限承载力的多元函数,利用数学优化方法给出其最优解,从而可以方便地给出抗拔桩破裂面及对应的极限抗拔力。通过算例分析并与前人研究成果比较,其结果表明：该理论方法是合理有效的,可以用于预测抗拔桩地基承载力极其破裂面形状。 相似文献