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1.
Dadda Abdelali Geindreau Christian Emeriault Fabrice Rolland du Roscoat Sabine Esnault Filet Annette Garandet Aurélie 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(3):597-613
The mechanical efficiency of the biocementation process is directly related to the microstructural properties of the biocemented sand, such as the volume fraction of calcite, its distribution within the pore space (localized at the contact between grains, over the grain surfaces) and the contact properties: coordination number, contact surface area, contacts orientation and types of contact. In the present work, all these micromechanical properties are computed, for the first time, from 3D images obtained by X-ray tomography of intact biocemented sand samples. The evolution of all these properties with respect to the volume fraction of calcite is analyzed and compared between each other (from untreated sand to highly cemented sand). Whatever the volume fraction of calcite, it is shown that the precipitation of the calcite is localized at the contacts between grains. These results are confirmed by comparing our numerical results with analytical estimates assuming that the granular medium is made of periodic simple cubic arrangements of grains and by considering two extreme cases of precipitation: (1) The calcite is localized at the contact, and (2) the grains are covered by a uniform layer of calcite. In overall, the obtained results show that a small percentage of calcite is sufficient to get a large amount of cohesive contacts.
相似文献2.
Abdelali Dadda Christian Geindreau Fabrice Emeriault Sabine Rolland du Roscoat Aurélie Garandet Leslie Sapin Annette Esnault Filet 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(5):955-970
An experimental study has been performed to investigate the effect of the biocalcification process on the microstructural and the physical properties of biocemented Fontainebleau sand samples. The microstructural properties (porosity, volume fraction of calcite, total specific surface area, specific surface area of calcite, etc.) and the physical properties (permeability, effective diffusion) of the biocemented samples were computed for the first time from 3D images with a high-resolution images obtained by X-ray synchrotron microtomography. The evolution of all these properties with respect to the volume fraction of calcite is analysed and compared with success to experimental data, when it is possible. In general, our results point out that all the properties are strongly affected by the biocalcification process. Finally, all these numerical results from 3D images and experimental data were compared to numerical values or analytical estimates computed on idealized microstructures constituted of periodic overlapping and random non-overlapping arrangements of coated spheres. These comparisons show that these simple microstructures are sufficient to capture and to predict the main evolution of both microstructural and physical properties of biocemented sands for the whole range of volume fraction of calcite investigated. 相似文献
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利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术固化南海某岛礁的陆域吹填珊瑚砂,对珊瑚砂微生物固化体进行了三轴压缩试验,基于损伤力学理论建立了珊瑚砂微生物固化体的损伤本构模型。结果表明,利用MICP技术固化珊瑚砂效果好,强度高;固化体的三轴压缩应力–应变曲线可分为近似线弹性阶段、屈服阶段与延性流动阶段。将固化体划分为匀质微元进行损伤演化分析,根据连续介质损伤力学的有效应力理论与应变等效假说,定义了损伤变量,假定固化体强度服从双参数的Weibull分布及Druker-Prager准则,建立了损伤本构模型。模型参数包括固化体力学参数和Weibull分布参数,由三轴试验和线性回归法确定,并用试验资料初步验证了模型的合理性。 相似文献
4.
Acta Geotechnica - The failure mechanism of biocemented sand has been largely speculated based on scanning electron microscopy images of biocemented sand after mechanical tests. However, some... 相似文献
5.
劈裂注浆可以有效改善土体的变形参数,大大降低土体在受力状态改变时的变形量,对劈裂注浆后复合土体的等效变形参数进行研究十分重要。在综合分析劈裂注浆扩散机制和工程应用实际的基础上,基于均质化理论提出了劈裂注浆后复合土体的三维单元体几何模型,按等效原则给出了浆-土体积及受力分配关系模型图;接着基于横向各向同性本构关系推导了模型的等效弹性模量和等效泊松比的解析解。然后采用有限元方法取得了模型特定条件下的等效弹性模量和等效泊松比,并与解析结果进行对比分析。最后把模型和相应的解析结果引入Flac3D岩土工程专业分析软件,结合一个热力隧道工程实例对隧道劈裂注浆后关键位置的沉降进行预测分析,并与实测值进行了对比。研究表明：对所提出的计算模型,解析计算与有限元方法计算结果吻合度较高,说明了解析结果的正确性;基于该模型及其解析结果得到的隧道开挖后的沉降预测值与实测值具有良好的一致性,说明所提出的模型和相应的解析计算方法具有一定的可靠性和实用性。 相似文献
6.
Effect of Temperature on the Strength Parameters at the Plastic Domain for Unconsolidated Sandstones
C. B. Morales-Monsalve I. F. Lara-Restrepo E. F. Araujo-Guerrero G. A. Alzate-Espinosa A. Arbelaez-Londoño A. Naranjo-Agudelo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3537-3549
Heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs are subjected to high temperatures during thermal recovery processes like SAGD and CSS. In-situ temperature state changes throughout these operations may generate variations in the mechanical properties or strength parameters of the rock such as Young and Bulk’s modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion and dilation angle. This paper presents results about the variation of the elastic modulus and mechanical properties, in both elastic and plastic region due to changes in temperature and effective confining stress for reconstituted samples of Colombian unconsolidated sands. In order to study these changes, several drained triaxial tests are performed in a range of temperature between 50 and 230 °C and a range of effective confining stress between 0.4 and 8.2 MPa, these tests are carried out on reconstituted samples of oil sands recovered in an outcrop in the Magdalena middle valley of Colombia. The experimental results are analyzed with an analytical model based on the constitutive model of Mohr–Coulomb. The analysis is divided in two ways: First, the elastic region is analyzed calculating the variation of the elastic modulus (Young and bulk’s modulus) and the mechanical parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) with temperature and effective confining stress, these calculus are done in the linear zone of the stress–strain curve. Then, the plastic region is analyzed using Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model with a non-associative flow rule in order to represent in a better way the dilatant/contractive behavior of the material, from this analysis is possible to obtain the behavior of the mechanical properties during plastic strains. The stress–strain curves obtained from the triaxial compression tests show that for the highest and medium effective confining stress (8.2 and 4.0 MPa), there is a hardening strain behavior after the yielding point that implies a loose sand behavior under confining conditions. Meanwhile, for lowest effective confining stress (0.4 MPa) the samples show a softening strain, a typical behavior for dense sands under confining conditions. 相似文献
7.
隧道开挖中围岩损伤演化分析及力学参数预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数值方法所得出结论的可靠性很大程度上取决于岩体力学参数的选取,因此基于损伤演化分析,对损伤变量与围岩力学参数之间关系进行了研究。在各向同性损伤的假定下,通过分析开挖过程中围岩损伤演化,建立了采用损伤变量对弹性模量、泊松比、黏聚力、摩擦角等围岩材料参数进行估算的方法。采用弹性纵波波速定义初始损伤,根据壁城隧道现场监测资料建立ANSYS渐进性数值模型,反演典型断面开挖过程中围岩的宏观力学参数。分析结果表明,该方法可以有效地确定围岩力学参数的变化情况,与实际情况吻合较好。 相似文献
8.
为了研究颗粒形状特征对砂土剪切模量的影响,选取4种形状不同的砂样（福建标准砂和人工石英砂）作为研究对象,通过扫描电镜获取其颗粒微观图像,使用Image Pro Plus软件和自编Matlab程序提取试样颗粒的形状特征。采用改进的半径角和轮廓指数综合描述颗粒偏离圆或椭圆的程度以及棱角变化程度,并基于这两个参数提出颗粒形状因子来综合表征颗粒的形状特征。之后在K0条件下通过弯曲元试验获得不同竖向荷载对应的4个试样的剪切模量,试验结果表明,砂土颗粒的形状因子与砂土的剪切模量具有良好的相关性。最后基于Hertz-Mindlin接触模型,推导出引入形状因子的砂土剪切模量理论计算公式,该计算公式与实测值吻合良好。 相似文献
9.
针对致密砂岩气储层复杂的微观孔隙结构进行岩石物理建模,在模型中比较了单一孔隙纵横比、双孔隙模型两种表征孔隙结构的表征方式。岩石物理正演分析表明,两种孔隙结构模型均可解释致密砂岩复杂的速度-孔隙度关系。岩石物理反演结果表明,双孔隙模型对测井横波速度的预测精度更高,说明该模型更适用于表征研究区致密砂岩的孔隙结构,反演的软孔比例参数能够反映地层中孔隙结构的非均匀分布。应用双孔隙模型计算致密砂岩地层岩石骨架的弹性模量,与Krief及Pride等传统经验公式相比,该方法考虑了岩石骨架模量与矿物基质、孔隙度和孔隙结构等微观物性因素的关系,理论上更具有严谨性。对致密砂岩骨架模量计算结果的分析表明,少量微裂隙的存在即能够显著影响致密砂岩骨架的弹性性质,同时孔隙空间中的球形孔隙是致密气的主要赋存空间。并且,通过致密砂岩骨架弹性模量,进一步计算了可用于地层评价的Biot系数等岩石物理参数。致密砂岩骨架模量的预测结果可为Gassmann流体替换理论、BISQ孔隙弹性介质理论等岩石物理方法提供关键参数。 相似文献
10.
在裂隙岩体二维柔度张量数值试验的基础上,建立了裂隙岩体三维柔度张量及其表征单元体积（REV）尺度研究的简化数值试验方法。首先根据岩体裂隙的统计参数及分布规律,运用蒙特卡罗方法在研究域内获得与实际岩体裂隙同分布的三维随机裂隙网络,提取位于不同方位的岩体试件,运用二维柔度张量的数值试验方法求出各个平面方向上的二维柔度张量,然后根据二维与三维柔度张量的拓扑关系,用数学方法求解裂隙岩体的三维柔度张量。对于含3组正交全贯通裂隙的岩体,通过数值试验获得的柔度张量与理论解相比,其主对角线上各参数的误差在5%以内,表明该数值试验方法较为可靠。最后将此方法运用到小湾水电站工程中,确定左岸坝区裂隙岩体的应力REV为11 m×11 m×11 m,并获得该区域裂隙岩体的三维柔度张量。 相似文献
11.
控制隧道开挖引起的土体沉降变形是劈裂注浆的主要目的之一,隧道在劈裂注浆后复合土体的等效弹性参数取值直接关系着隧道在劈裂注浆后沉降变形的预测精度。首先在对已有劈裂扩散模型研究的基础上,按面积等效原则提出了隧道劈裂注浆后复合土体的二维简化等效单元体模型,并基于均质化理论按变形协调原则推导了二维简化单元体模型的等效弹性参数解析解。然后采用有限元方法分别计算并分析了模型在简化前后的等效弹性参数;同时把二维简化等效单元体模型的有限元计算结果和解析计算结果也做了对比分析。最后基于解析结果分析了土体和浆液结石体各自的弹性参数以及浆液注入率对等效弹性参数的影响。结果表明：（1）按面积等效原则对模型进行简化处理的方法是可行的,可以按照简化模型进行弹性阶段的理论分析;（2）解析结果与有限元结果具有良好的一致性,说明了解析结果的合理性;（3）复合土体的等效弹性模量和等效泊松比主要受浆液注入率和浆液固结体本身模量的影响;浆液固结体的泊松比对等效弹性模量的影响几乎可以忽略。 相似文献
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13.
采用二次掺水法制备氧化钙胶结砂样,为加速碳酸化将试样放置在充满干冰的养护箱中养护,养护完成后对不同氧化钙掺入比的试样进行固结排水三轴试验和碳酸钙定量化学试验,分析了氧化钙掺入量对胶结砂物理力学特性的影响,定义了反映胶结物生成量的化学指标 ,利用 修正了摩尔-库仑强度理论。结果表明：二次掺水法可有效控制人工胶结砂的初始含水率,CaCO3胶结物的形成对试样物理力学特性有极大影响。在不同围压下,试样均表现出应力软化。随氧化钙掺入比的增加,试样应力软化现象逐渐增强,并且黏聚力及内摩擦角增量逐渐增大。胶结砂具有压硬性,围压、氧化钙的掺入比对试样剪胀有抑制作用。随着 的增加,试样黏聚力、摩擦角增量均有明显提高,通过试验数据得到了 与试样黏聚力、内摩擦角增量之间的函数关系,进而对摩尔-库仑强度理论进行了修正,修正后的公式能够反映胶结物的形成对胶结砂强度的影响。 相似文献
14.
采用基于PFC2D接触黏结模型的离散元数值模型,探讨含石量变化对土石混合体剪切特性的影响。利用室内大型直剪试验对表征土石混合体细观力学性质的模型参数进行标定,模拟分析了4种不同含石量土石混合体在4种不同围压作用下的剪切特性。试验结果表明:相同法向应力作用下,含石量越高,峰值剪应力越大,达到峰值剪应力时的剪应变越大,软化后强度越高,剪胀特性越强,剪切"跳跃"现象越明显。土石混合体摩擦角随含石量增高而增大;黏聚力随含石量增高而减小,含石量超过50%后基本不变。相同含石量的土石混合体,法向应力越高,峰值剪应力越大,应变软化特性越强。土石混合体剪切过程中以克服摩擦能和应变能为主,动能变化几乎为零。 相似文献
15.
To identify all desired shape parameters of granular particles with less computational cost, this study proposes a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) based model. Datasets are made of 100 ballast and 100 Fujian sand particles, and the shape parameters (i.e., aspect ratio, roundness, sphericity, and convexity) obtained by conventional methods are used to label all particles. For the model training, by feeding the slice images of particles into the model, the contour of particles is automatically extracted, thereby the shape parameters can be learned by the model. Thereafter, the model is applied to predict shape parameters of new particles as model testing. All results indicate the model trained based on slice images cut from three orthogonal planes presents the highest prediction accuracy with an error of less than 10%. Meanwhile, the accuracy for concave and angular particles can be guaranteed. The rotation-equivariant of the model is confirmed, in which the predicted values of shape parameters are roughly independent of orientations of the particle when cutting slice images. Superior to conventional methods, all desirable shape parameters can be obtained by one unified 3D-CNN model and its prediction is independent of particle complexity and the number of triangular facets, thus saving computation cost. 相似文献
16.
Micromechanical parameters in bonded particle method for modelling of brittle material failure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bonded particle modelling (BPM) is nowadays being extensively used for simulating brittle material failure. In BPM, material is modelled as a dense assemblage of particles (grains) connected together by contacts (cement). This sort of modelling seriously depends on the mechanical properties of particle and contact, which are named here as micro‐parameters. However, a definite calibration methodology to obtain micro‐parameters has not been so far established; and many have reported some serious problems. In this research, a calibration procedure to find a unique set of micro‐parameters is established. To attain this purpose, discrete element code of UDEC is used to perform BPM. This code can be conveniently developed by the user. The proposed BPM is composed of rigid polygonal particles interacting at their contact points. These contacts can undergo a certain amount of tension, and their shear resistance is provided by cohesion and friction angle. The results demonstrate that each material macro‐property (i.e. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, internal friction angel, internal cohesion, and tensile strength) is directly originated from and distinctly related to the contact properties (i.e. normal and shear stiffness, friction angel, cohesion, and tensile strength). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
循环荷载下砂土液化特性颗粒流数值模拟 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用PFC2D常体积循环双轴试验条件,对砂土在不排水循环荷载作用下的液化特性进行了颗粒流数值模拟,数值模拟按等应力幅加荷方式进行。颗粒流数值模拟的优点在于得到试样液化宏观力学表现的同时,通过不同循环加荷时刻试样内细观组构参量（包括配位数、接触法向分布、粒间法向接触力、粒间切向接触力）的演化规律,分析砂土液化过程中细观组构变化与宏观力学响应之间的内在联系,从而可进一步探讨砂土液化的细观力学机制。数值模拟研究结果表明,砂土液化现象在宏观力学表现上反映为超静孔隙水压力的累积上升和平均有效主应力的不断减小,在细观组构上对应于配位数的累积损失和粒间接触力的不断减小。砂土液化细观机制分析表明,试样配位数的减少与循环加荷过程中组构各向异性滞后于应力各向异性有关。 相似文献
18.
高速远程滑坡物理模型试验中,岩石相似材料的选择是模型试验成功的关键,然而目前滑坡相似材料强度高、难以在缩尺试验中模拟滑坡破碎过程。以重晶石、石英砂为骨料,石膏为胶结剂,羧甲基纤维素钠、甘油、水作为辅助材料,进行可破碎岩石相似材料的配比试验。采用控制变量法研究重晶石与石英砂比例（重石比）、骨料与胶结物比例（骨胶比）、羧甲基纤维素钠含量、拌合水量、甘油含量对相似材料物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:所有配比情况下各相似材料物理力学参数的范围分别为单轴抗压强度为0.12～1.47 MPa,弹性模量为25.51～148.12 MPa,黏聚力为1.63～87.39 kPa,内摩擦角为22.70°～35.89°,脆性指标主要分布在0.033～0.145之间;重石比主要控制岩石相似材料的内摩擦角;骨胶比减小,对应的黏聚力和内摩擦角先增大后减小;羧甲基纤维素钠对材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、黏聚力等材料的力学特性以及材料的脆性指标影响均比较大,其中对单轴抗压强度的影响最大。因此,控制羧甲基纤维素钠和拌合水量的含量,并合理调节重石比与骨胶比,在相似比约为1∶600的试验尺度下,最终确定了适用于高速远程滑坡碎屑化过程模拟的低强度高脆性岩石相似材料的配比区间。 相似文献
19.
基于线弹性断裂力学裂隙面张开位移及剪切位移理论公式,考虑裂隙存在常法向和常切向刚度情况,研究了含单个裂隙岩体加载过程中由于裂隙存在而附加的弹性应变能。基于应变能等效方法并假设两种裂隙变形模型--非均匀变形模型和均匀变形模型,研究了二维非贯通裂隙岩体的等效杨氏模量和等效剪切模量解析表达式。研究结果表明,对于贯通裂隙规则分布情况,均匀变形模型得到的解析解与Amadei等的结果一致;对于非贯通裂隙正态分布情况,考虑裂隙相互作用的非均匀变形模型解明显低估裂隙岩体的等效杨氏模量和等效剪切模量,而考虑裂隙相互作用的均匀变形模型解与有限元数值解的偏差在10%以内。得到的解析表达式在一定条件下可以作为裂隙岩体等效弹性模量评价方法之一。 相似文献
20.
The role of effective medium approaches and the differential scheme in estimating the overall elastic moduli of a porous medium with randomly oriented pores is examined. The analytical estimates of the elastic moduli are compared with approximations available in the literature that are valid for small pore aspect ratios. Accuracy of the analytical estimates is further established by performing finite element simulations. Finite element estimates are obtained for a model of a porous medium containing three families of spheroidal pores arranged in a mutually orthogonal configuration. This model is regarded as a close approximation to a porous medium with randomly oriented pores. Also, experimental data available for several sandstones and granites was used to analytically examine the influence of the aspect ratio of pores on overall properties. This information is also used to provide an estimate for the permeability of the porous medium. 相似文献