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白云鄂博矿床成矿构造环境分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
白云鄂博矿床是世界著名的超大型铁铌稀土矿床,但因为其成因和形成时代的证据复杂多样,其成因、形成时代及其形成的大地构造环境均有多种不同认识。笔者等曾对赋矿白云岩成因、成矿时代及赋矿地层白云鄂博群的年代这两个关键问题进行了系统的地质、地球化学研究,获得了一系列关键证据,并对前人资料进行了系统地梳理,论证了白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩为一大型微晶丘,而微晶丘是热水沉积形成;确定其成矿时代及白云鄂博群的年代均为早古生代。本文进一步报道了在与白云鄂博群下部相当的腮林忽洞群中发现了宏体化石海绵和腹足类,在白云鄂博群中发现了与腮林忽洞群中相同的振动液化脉和振动液化角砾岩。从而笔者等认为,白云鄂博矿床成矿和白云鄂博群的沉积环境是早古生代被动大陆边缘。 相似文献
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白云鄂博赋矿白云岩成因研究历史,问题及新进展 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：11
前人对白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩的成因主要有４种认识（１）正常沉积;（２）岩浆侵入;（３）海底火山溢沉积;（４）与深源热卤水有关。笔者综合评述了这些认识的主要论据,阐述了笔者等的新发现－武放白云云岩为大型微晶丘－它可以较好地解释这些看起来极为矛盾的地质事实。 相似文献
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白云鄂博赋矿白云岩与微晶丘和碳酸岩墙的碳氧同位素对比研究 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
本文通过方解石和白云石的碳和氧同位素分析,对比研究了白云鄂博赋矿白云岩、黑脑包微晶丘、北京西山微晶丘、宽沟北正常沉积灰岩和白云鄂博碳酸岩墙,从而探讨了赋矿白云岩的成因及其与超大型Fe-Nb-REE矿床的成因关系。结果为:①黑脑包腮林忽洞群顶部微晶丘和北京西山寒武系顶部微晶丘碳酸盐的δ~(13)C值都在0±2‰左右,δ~(18)O值为18.3‰～25.1‰,均具有典型海相沉积碳酸盐岩的特点;②白云鄂博东矿采场δ~(13)C值为-7.9‰～-1.1‰,δ~(18)O值为9.1‰～20.9‰;矿区东西两端δ~(13)C值-7.9‰～-0.6‰,δ~(18)O值8.6‰～25.7‰;均介于地幔流体与典型沉积碳酸盐岩之间。部分赋矿白云岩样品中白云石与方解石之间的碳氧同位素分馏△~(13)C和△~(18)O值均小于0‰,表明其受到过次生蚀变作用,低δ~(18)O值白云石样品所对应的负△~(18)O值反映了地幔镁质流体对沉积碳酸盐岩的强烈交代作用;③矿区—富稀土碳酸岩墙的δ~(13)C值为-7.2‰～-4.7‰,δ~(18)O价值为11.9‰～16.4‰,表明其碳酸岩岩浆并非原始地幔来源,而可能与俯冲板块携带的沉积碳酸盐岩与地幔流体在深部的高温混合熔融有关。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于0‰,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,至少其中之一为 相似文献
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白云鄂博矿床成因的Mg同位素制约 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb矿床是世界著名的巨型多金属矿床,它的成因一直是个激烈争论的问题。近年来Mg同位素研究快速发展,在示踪幔源火成碳酸岩和沉积碳酸盐岩方面显示出一定的潜力,为白云鄂博矿床成因问题的究提供了新的途径。对白云鄂博矿床H8白云岩、碳酸岩墙白云岩,以及中元古代沉积白云岩,腮林忽洞微晶丘白云岩的Mg同位素进行了对比研究。研究结果表明:碳酸岩墙样品的δ26Mg-DSM3变化范围为-0.34‰～-0.14‰,平均值-0.24‰,落在地幔岩端元;中元古代沉积白云岩的δ26MgDSM3为-1.81‰～-1.53‰;H8白云岩的δ26MgDSM3变化范围为-1.13‰～-0.10‰,平均值-0.53‰,部分落在地幔岩范围,部分落在地幔岩和沉积白云岩之间;而腮林忽洞微晶丘白云岩的δ26MgDSM3最轻,为-1.99‰～-1.93‰。白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩的Mg同位素组成特征不支持正常白云岩沉积成因和微晶丘成因观点,更倾向于火成碳酸浆成因观点。 相似文献
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白云鄂博地区相关地质单元的铁同位素特征及其对白云鄂博矿床成因的制约 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb矿床是世界著名的巨型多金属矿床,它的成因一直是个激烈争论的问题,观点主要集中在沉积成因和岩浆成因上,而铁的物质来源问题是争论的焦点之一。近年来Fe同位素的快速发展为解决白云鄂博铁矿的成因提供了新思路。对白云鄂博地区发育的白云鄂博群尖山组铁质板岩、宽沟北沉积型铁矿、腮林忽洞微晶丘、灰绿岩墙这些相关地质单元的Fe同位素组成特征进行了研究,为白云鄂博矿床成因研究提供了最直接的参考。结果表明,尖山组铁质板岩的δ56Fe值为-0.49‰～0.48‰,平均值为-0.03‰±0.84‰,2SD,n=5;宽沟北沉积型铁矿的δ56Fe值为-0.68‰～0.23‰,平均值为-0.10‰±0.78‰,2SD,n=5;腮林忽洞微晶丘δ56Fe值为-0.64‰～0.12‰,平均值为-0.28‰±0.57‰,2SD,n=6;辉绿岩的Fe同位素组成δ56Fe值集中在0.11‰～0.16‰。腮林忽洞微晶丘总体上比白云鄂博赋矿白云岩富集Fe的轻同位素,Fe同位素组成变化也相对更大,表明两者可能有不同的成因。白云鄂博地区尖山组铁质板岩、宽沟北沉积型铁矿与世界其他地区含铁沉积建造的Fe同位素组成类似,其共同特征是,Fe同位素变化较大,总体上δ56Fe大于0‰。这一特征与白云鄂博铁矿的Fe同位素组成差别较大。白云鄂博矿床的δ56Fe集中在0‰附近,与白云鄂博地区灰绿岩、世界不同地区火成岩和岩浆型铁矿的Fe同位素组成特征一致。表明白云鄂博铁矿可能不是沉积成因的,更有可能与岩浆作用有关。 相似文献
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论内蒙古白云鄂博群和白云鄂博超大型稀土-铌-铁矿床成矿的年代 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
白云鄂博稀土铌铁矿床具十分独特的地质、地球化学特征.所以多时代成矿是难以置信的.白云鄂博矿床成矿时间势必晚于赋矿白云岩及其下伏地层.而较多的地层古生物证据表明白云鄂博群形成于震旦纪至奥陶纪之间.基于赋矿白云岩是热水沉积形成,碳酸盐脉是同源热液交代变质岩或砂岩等形成的认识,笔者等认为,碳酸盐脉中的锆石可能是变质岩或砂岩中的锆石,它们虽被热液改造,其U-Pb年龄仍可能老于成矿年龄.已报道的白云鄂博矿床Sm-Nd等时线年龄虽然主要集中在1.2～1.6 Ga.但也有多个分别为0.4～O.5 Ga、0.8～0.9 Ga和1.O～1.1 Ga的年龄值.笔者等收集了所有已发表的98件白云鄂博矿床矿石、矿物及碳酸岩墙和上覆板岩的Sm-Nd年龄分析数据,用Isoplot程序计算,发现这些数据,除两件异常外,可以拟合成一条直线,相关系数R=0.96325,求得等时线年龄t=1125.8±32.5 Ma,εNd=-3.02.这一结果表明在1125.8±32.5 Ma白云鄂博Sm-Nd同位素时钟启动,且未再受后来的地质作用扰动,指示成矿作用应晚于或等于1.1 Ga,但地质意义尚待研究.若假定Sm-Nd同位素时钟不易被一般地质作用重置,则可以采信白云鄂博矿床辉钼矿的R.e-Os模式年龄(439±8 Ma)或黄铁矿Re-Os等时线年龄(439±86Ma)为白云鄂博的成矿年龄.这与赋矿地层的古生物化石年代相符. 相似文献
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湘西—黔东地区寒武系发育完整,是一套从黑色岩系到碳酸盐岩的沉积序列。下寒武统清虚洞组由灰岩段和白云岩段组成,纵向上构成总体向上海水变浅的沉积相序列,同时反映了缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地的发育过程。该组空间上从北西至南东可识别出潮坪相、局限台地相粉细晶云岩、台地边缘浅滩相粉细晶灰岩和台地边缘(滩)丘相微晶灰岩、浅-深缓坡相、陆棚相泥灰岩、台地前缘盆地等沉积。研究表明,地层岩性、岩相古地理对铅锌矿具有明显的控制作用,微晶丘是主要容矿层,与微生物和海底热水关系密切。铅锌成矿明显与浊流沉积和风暴沉积等事件沉积相关,浊积岩、微晶丘、砾(粒)屑灰岩构成一完整的铅锌控矿序列。 相似文献
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白云鄂博富稀土元素碳酸岩岩墙的地球化学特征及稀土富集机制 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床东矿NE方向3 km,切割白云鄂博群H1及H2岩性段的细粒方解石碳酸岩岩墙的岩石地球化学特征。结果表明,碳酸岩的稀土元素含量变化大,最高可达20%,已构成稀土富矿石。碳酸岩的轻稀土元素高度富集,轻、重稀土元素之间发生了极度分馏,但无Eu异常的显示。形成这种岩石地球化学特征的可能机制为：碳酸岩浆直接来源于岩石圈富集地幔的低程度部分熔融作用(F<1%),残留地幔矿物组合以富含石榴石为特征;碳酸岩浆在地壳深部岩浆房中的分离结晶作用。碳酸岩的稀土元素和微量元素分布型式均与白云鄂博REE Nb-Fe旷床的赋矿细粒白云石大理岩十分相似。然而,碳酸岩的主要元素以Ca为特征,不同于赋矿细粒白云石大理岩。本文认为造成这种差异的原因在于碳酸岩岩墙没有遭受大规模的白云岩化作用的影响,而赋矿绌粒白云石大理岩则可能是碳酸岩经白云岩化作用的产物。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1720-1731
The origin of the Bayan Obo ore deposit, the largest REE deposit in the world, has long been debated and various hypotheses have been proposed. Among them is that the Bayan Obo ore deposit is correlated with and has the same origin as the Sailinhudong micrite mound in the southern limb of the Bayan Obo synclinorium. To test this model, the Bayan Obo ore deposit and the Sailinhudong micrite mound are systematically compared for their geological features, elemental geochemistry, and C, O, and Mg isotopic geochemistry. We show that the Bayan Obo ore deposit and the Sailinhudong micrite mound are both calcareous, lens-like in shape, lack bedding features, and are both hosted in a sedimentary formation that consists of clastic sediments and carbonates, unconformably overlying the Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement. However, their geochemical characteristics differ markedly. Compared with the Sailinhudong micrite carbonates, the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomite marbles are strongly enriched in LREEs, Ba, Th, Nb, Pb, and Sr, and have very different (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns. Sailinhudong micrite carbonates have higher δ13CPDB and δ18OSMOW values, falling into the typical sedimentary field, but the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomites are isotopically intermediate between primary igneous carbonatite and typical sedimentary limestone. The δ26 Mg values of the Sailinhudong micrite carbonates are lighter than those of normal Mesoproterozoic sedimentary dolostone, while those of the Bayan Obo ore-hosting dolomite marble are isotopically heavier, similar to δ26 Mg of mantle xenoliths and Bayan Obo intrusive carbonatite. We conclude that the Bayan Obo ore deposit is not correlated with the Sailinhudong micrite mound; it is neither a micrite mound nor an altered micrite mound. 相似文献
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Composite Stratigraphy of the Sailinhudong Group and Ore-bearing Micrite Mounds in the Bayan Obo Deposits,Inner Mongolia,China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Qiao Xiufu Gao Linzhi Peng Yang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Rd. Fuchengmenwai Beijing Zhang Yuxu Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Gao Linzhi 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(4):357-369
Based on studies of sequence stratigraphy, event stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy, it is concluded that the Sailinhudong Group is a part of the Bayan Obo Group. Some trilobite fragments are first found in thin sections of the rock from the lower part of the Sailinhudong Group and some Ordovician acritarchs and chitinozoans are also found in this group. A formationa unit of carbonate seismites is first recognized in the upper part and a huge micrite mound is first identified at the top. Dolomite, the host rock of the super giant Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposits, is neither an igneous carbonatite nor a common bedded sedimentary carbonate, but a huge micrite mound. It has the same macroscopic characters as the micrite mounds at the top of the Sailinhudong Group, which suggests that they should be of the same horizon. According to the fossils, the Sailinhudong and Bayan Obo Groups should be of the Early Palaeozoic rather than the Middle Proterozoic. The new discovery and new idea will throw l 相似文献
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北京西山及邻区寒武系顶部微晶丘特征及层序地层学意义 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
北京西山,河北涞源及山西浑海等地位于寒武系－奥陶系界面处的厚层块状“纯灰岩”实际是由微晶方解石,丛状或丝状蓝绿藻,碎屑等共同营造而成的大型微晶丘,具明显的丘状外貌及侧向地层向微晶丘顶部的上部,地球化学特征也显示出与周围同期地层的不同及与土覆冶里组中层纹状叠石灰岩的相似性,内部岩石微相有：藻粘结灰岩相,具有规则孔洞藻占结灰岩相,碎屑藻粘结灰岩相（藻间为黄褐色白云岩砾块,砾屑灰岩及砂屑灰岩）内部有７个 相似文献
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白云鄂博矿床研究若干问题的探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
白云鄂博巨型稀土-铌-铁矿床是与火成碳酸岩(即H8)有关的矿床。在碳酸岩岩浆阶段,在其蚀变围岩(霓长岩)中以及晚期的热液阶段都有稀土、铌和铁等的富集。因此,白云鄂博矿床不是单一矿床类型,其涵盖了稀土-铌-铁碳酸岩岩浆型矿床、稀土-铌-铁交代蚀变岩型和热液型矿床,这种复合类型的矿床是十分罕见的,可称之为白云鄂博式矿床。根据已发表的年代数据,白云鄂博大规模碳酸岩的形成时代和伴随的稀土矿化的高峰期在1.3～1.4Ga。加里东构造热事件对本区的影响广泛和强烈,不仅有广泛发育的大型褶皱、冲断层和韧性剪切作用,并伴有广泛的流体交代作用和局部的热液活动,某些稀土矿物的同位素体系受到重置,表现为其Sm-Nd年龄和Th-Pb年龄的不一致。本区的碱性岩在基底杂岩中即有出露,随后在白云鄂博群中和1.3～1.4Ga白云鄂博碳酸岩形成时皆有产出。目前所获资料表明,至少1.3～1.4Ga的碱性杂岩在成因上与碳酸岩有密切的联系。本区基底杂岩显示了白云鄂博地区在2.0Ga左右曾经有一个弧地质体,该区在2.0～1.9Ga间经历了从被动大陆边缘到活动大陆边缘增生碰撞的一个完整的造山过程。 相似文献
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Deep-water stratigraphic cyclicity and carbonate mud mound development in the Middle Cambrian Marjum Formation, House Range, Utah, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract In mid‐Middle Cambrian time, shallow‐water sedimentation along the Cordilleran passive margin was abruptly interrupted by the development of the deep‐water House Range embayment across Nevada and Utah. The Marjum Formation (330 m) in the central House Range represents deposition in the deepest part of the embayment and is composed of five deep‐water facies: limestone–argillaceous limestone rhythmites; shale; thin carbonate mud mounds; bioturbated limestone; and cross‐bedded limestone. These facies are cyclically arranged into 1·5 to 30 m thick parasequences that include rhythmite–mound, rhythmite–shale, rhythmite–bioturbated limestone and rhythmite–cross‐bedded limestone parasequences. Using biostratigraphically constrained sediment accumulation rates, the parasequences range in duration from ≈14 to 270 kyr. The mud mounds are thin (<2 m), closely spaced, laterally linked, symmetrical domes composed of massive, fenestral, peloidal to clotted microspar with sparse unoriented, poorly sorted skeletal material, calcitized bacterial(?) filaments/tubes and abundant fenestrae and stroma‐ tactoid structures. These petrographic and sedimentological features suggest that the microspar, peloids/clots and syndepositional micritic cement were precipitated in situ from the activity of benthic microbial communities. Concentrated growth of the microbial communities occurred during periods of decreased input of fine detrital carbonate transported offshore from the adjacent shallow‐water carbonate platform. In the neighbouring Wah Wah Range and throughout the southern Great Basin, coeval mid‐Middle Cambrian shallow‐water carbonates are composed of abundant metre‐scale, upward‐shallowing parasequences that record high‐frequency (104?105 years) eustatic sea‐level changes. Given this regional stratigraphic relationship, the Marjum Formation parasequences probably formed in response to high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations that controlled the amount of detrital carbonate input into the deeper water embayment. During high‐frequency sea‐level rise and early highstand, detrital carbonate input into the embayment decreased as a result of carbonate factory retrogradation, resulting in the deposition of shale (base of rhythmite–shale parasequences) or thin nodular rhythmites, followed by in situ precipitated mud mounds (lower portion of rhythmite–mound parasequences). During the ensuing high‐frequency sea‐level fall/lowstand, detrital carbonate influx into the embayment increased on account of carbonate factory pro‐ gradation towards the embayment, resulting in deposition of rhythmites (upper part of rhythmite–mound parasequences), reworking of rhythmites by a lowered storm wave base (cross‐bedded limestone deposition) or bioturbation of rhythmites by a weakened/lowered O2‐minimum zone (bioturbated lime‐ stone deposition). This interpreted sea‐level control on offshore carbonate sedimentation patterns is unique to Palaeozoic and earliest Mesozoic deep‐water sediments. After the evolution of calcareous plankton in the Jurassic, the presence or absence of deeper water carbonates was influenced by a variety of chemical and physical oceanographic factors, rather than just physical transport of carbonate muds. 相似文献
16.
S. J. Mazzullo Chellie S. Teal William D. Bischoff Kimberly Dimmick-Wells Brian W. Wilhite 《Sedimentology》2003,50(4):743-770
Abstract Cangrejo and Bulkhead Shoals are areally extensive, Holocene biodetrital mud‐mounds in northern Belize. They encompass areas of 20 km2 and 35 km2 in distal and proximal positions, respectively, on a wide and shallow‐water, microtidal carbonate shelf where storms are the major process affecting sediment dynamics. Sediments at each mound are primarily biodetrital and comprise part of a eustatically forced, dominantly subtidal cycle with a recognizable deepening‐upward transgressive systems tract, condensed section and shallowing‐upward highstand systems tract. Antecedent topographic relief on Pleistocene limestone bedrock also provided marine accommodation space for deposition of sediments that are a maximum of 7·6 m thick at Cangrejo and 4·5 m thick at Bulkhead. Despite differences in energy levels and location, facies and internal sedimentological architectures of the mud‐mounds are similar. On top of Pleistocene limestone or buried soil developed on it are mangrove peat and overlying to laterally correlative shelly gravels. Deposition of these basal transgressive, premound facies tracked the rapid rate of sea‐level rise from about 6400–6500 years BP to 4500 years BP, and the thin basal sedimentation unit of the overlying mound‐core appears to be a condensed section. Following this, the thick and complex facies mosaic comprising mound‐cores represents highstand systems tract sediments deposited in the last ≈ 4500 years during slow and decelerating sea‐level rise. Within these sections, there is an early phase of progradationally offlapping catch‐up deposition and a later (and current) phase of aggradational keep‐up deposition. The mound‐cores comprise stacked storm‐deposited autogenic sedimentation units, the upper bounding surfaces of which are mostly eroded former sediment–water interfaces below which depositional textures have largely been overprinted by biogenic processes associated with Thalassia‐colonized surfaces. Vertical stacking of these units imparts a quasi‐cyclic architecture to the section that superficially mimics metre‐scale parasequences in ancient rocks. The locations of the mud‐mounds and the tidal channels transecting them have apparently been stable over the last 50 years. Characteristics that might distinguish these mud‐mounds and those mudbanks deposited in more restricted settings such as Florida Bay are their broad areal extent, high proportion of sand‐size sediment fractions and relatively abundant biotic particles derived from adjoining open shelf areas. 相似文献
17.
The sedimentology of a Recent carbonate mound is investigated to further our understanding of mound building communities, surface and subsurface mound sediments, and the overall sediment budget of mounds. Nine sedimentary facies of the surface of Tavernier mound, Florida Keys are described. These sediments are composed of Neogoniolithon, Halimeda, Porites, mollusc and foraminiferal grains, and lime mud. Muds rich in aragonite and high magnesian calcite show little mineralogical variation over the mound surface. Geochemical evidence suggests that the mud is mainly formed from breakdown of codiacean algae and Thalassia blade epibionts. Production rates of the facies are established from in situ growth rate experiments and standing-crop surveys. Annual calcium carbonate production is c. 500gm-2, intermediate between reef and other bay and lagoonal environment production rates in the Caribbean. The internal structure of the mound, studied from piston cores and sediment probes, indicates that seven facies can be identified. Five of these can be related to the present-day facies, and occur in the upper part of the mound (gravel-mound stage). The remaining two facies, characterized by molluscs and aragonite-rich muds, occur in the lower part of the mound (mud-mound stage), and are most similar to facies from typical Florida Bay mud mounds. Mangrove peats within the mound indicate former intertidal areas and C14 dates from these peats provide a time framework for mound sedimentation. The mound appears to have formed because of an initial valley in the Pleistocene surface which accumulated mud in a shallow embayment during the Holocene transgression. A sediment budget for the mound is presented which compares production rates from present-day facies with subsurface sediment masses. During the mud mound stage production rates were similar to accumulation rates and the mound was similar to the present-day mounds of Florida Bay. During the gravel mound stage (3400 yr BP-present day), conditions were more normal marine and the establishment of Porites and Neogoniolithon on the mound increased production rates 10% over accumulation rates. This excess sediment is thought to be transported off the mound to the surrounding seabed. Models are proposed which divide carbonate mounds on the basis of internal versus external sediment supply. Comparisons are made with other Recent and ancient mounds. Similarities exist between the roles of the biotic components of late Palaeozoic mounds but major differences are found when structures and early diagenesis are compared. 相似文献
18.
白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过对白云鄂博及周边地区地质和构造形迹的系统调研,综合分析了白云鄂博地区的古板块构造单元、白云鄂博群的沉积构造背景以及白云鄂博地区的构造组合特征。白云鄂博群可以划分为三个沉积组合,它们分别代表中元古代、晚元古代和早古生代白云鄂博地区由陆内裂谷向陆缘裂谷转化到活动大陆边缘裂谷的沉积过程。白云鄂博地区以白银角拉克－宽沟断裂为界,南北两侧存在重大地质差异。断裂南侧的该群岩石不整合覆盖在相当于五台群的巴尔腾山群之上,是在华北陆壳基底上发展起来的陆缘沉积。局部碳酸盐岩和页岩层位在加里东期遭受了强烈的地幔流体改造,形成大规模稀土矿化;在海西期又遭受了强烈的区域变质改造。断裂北侧的白云鄂博群以发育蛇绿混杂岩－叠瓦状况断层－紧闭同斜褶皱为特征,具有古板块俯冲形成的加积杂岩特征。在此基础上,对白云鄂博地区的古板块构造演化动力学过程进行了初步总结。 相似文献