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1.
辽宁本溪歪头山条带状铁矿的成因类型、形成时代及构造背景 总被引：12，自引：9，他引：3
辽宁鞍本地区位于华北克拉通东北缘,分布有诸多大型-特大型条带状铁矿床。本文对该区歪头山铁矿进行了岩石学、矿物学及年代学研究。歪头山铁建造以条带状铁矿石为主,兼含有少量的块状矿石,其顶底板围岩及矿体夹层主要为太古界鞍山群斜长角闪岩。元素地球化学分析表明,铁矿石富集重稀土[(La/Yb)PAAS=0.24~0.33],具La正异常(La/La*=1.43~1.61)、Eu正异常(Eu/Eu*=2.40~4.54)及Y正异常(Y/Y*=1.10~1.30),Y/Ho值平均30.59,Sr/Ba值平均17.62,Ti/V值平均19.45,反映成矿物质可能来源于由海底火山活动带来的高温热液与海水的混合溶液。铁矿石无明显Ce负异常(Ce/Ce*=0.92~1.06),暗示BIF沉积时海水处于缺氧环境。除Fe2O3T与SiO2外,铁矿石中其它氧化物含量均非常低,且贫Th、U、Zr等具有陆源性质的元素,表明大陆碎屑物质对BIF贡献极少。斜长角闪岩稀土元素配分型式近于平坦[(La/Yb)N=0.80~1.10],无明显Ce异常(Ce/Ce*=0.95~0.99)与Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.88~1.16);其大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素无明显亏损。地球化学分析表明,斜长角闪岩原岩可能为产于弧后盆地的玄武质火山岩。锆石形态与微量元素分析显示,斜长角闪岩中的锆石均属岩浆成因。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年显示斜长角闪岩原岩形成于2533±11Ma,代表了歪头山BIF的成矿年龄;在玄武质岩浆喷发过程中,还捕获了一组年龄为2610±5Ma的锆石。电子探针分析显示磁铁矿成分纯净(FeOT=92.04%~93.05%),其标型组分特征暗示歪头山BIF属沉积变质型铁矿。综合分析认为,歪头山铁矿属Algoma型BIF,成矿与弧后盆地岩浆活动密切相关,指示了新太古代末华北克拉通普遍发育的一期BIF成矿事件。 相似文献
2.
联合古陆(Pangea)大陆边缘及泛大洋和古特提斯洋的广大地区在二叠纪时期出现大规模硅质富集事件, 被称之为“全球二叠纪硅质沉积事件”。黔北遵义地区二叠纪瓜德鲁普世—乐平世转换时期成硅事件为该事件重要组成部分, 呈现出“白泥塘层”层状炭硅质灰岩、层状硅质岩和硅质条带或燧石结核三种不同类型硅质富集岩石。遵义地区硅质来源的研究能够深入认识全球性“二叠纪硅质沉积事件”, 同时为研究该时期遵义盆地的结构和演化提供了重要窗口, 对遵义锰矿成矿作用也有重要指示意义。文中采用岩石学和地球化学方法并通过硅同位素的协同指示意义对硅质来源进行厘定, 并对硅质岩成因与沉积环境进行归纳总结, 在研究区建立系统完整的硅质富集沉积体系。实验测试结果显示: “白泥塘层”炭硅质灰岩中δ30Si值介于–0.09 ~ –0.67之间, 层状硅质岩中δ30Si值介于0.03~1.47之间。结合主、微量元素特征和岩石学特征表明: “白泥塘层”炭硅质灰岩形成于深水盆地缺氧还原环境, 硅质来源于海底热液, 沉积中心位于热液喷口的附近, 沉积过程中受陆源硅质输入影响显著。层状硅质岩形成于浅海台地正常沉积氧化环境, 硅质来源于海底热液, 沉积远离热液喷口, 热液沿构造裂隙通道经过了一定的迁移距离, 与茅口组浅海台地相正常沉积的块状-厚层状灰岩发生交代作用, 从而形成硅质岩; 硅质条带或结核形成于浅海台地正常沉积氧化环境, 硅质主要来源于海底热液, 沉积过程中有陆源硅质的输入, 由长时间多期次的海底热液喷流作用带来的硅质迁移至盆地外围浅海台地形成。 相似文献
3.
《矿物学报》2013,(4)
遵义锰矿区锰矿体底部发育一套碳泥质硅质岩建造,称为"白泥塘层",主要由微晶石英和隐晶质玉髓组成,常含少量的碳泥质、黄铁矿和碳酸盐矿物等。"白泥塘层"硅质岩与含锰建造呈连生关系,环绕含锰建造分布。本文通过对代表性的硅质岩样品主量和微量-稀土元素及氧同位素地球化学分析,发现其SiO2含量范围为95.00%98.80%,均值为96.86%,表明其属于化学成分比较纯净的硅质岩;TFeO、MnO含量相对富集,Al2O3、TiO2含量相对亏损,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti和Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)的均值分别为83.80、93.90和0.21,与热水沉积物相似,表明其具有热水沉积特征;微量以富集As、Sb、Cd、U,而亏损Co、Ni、Ga为特征,其中U/Th平均比值为2.66,Ni/Co平均比值为1.58,表现出热水沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征;稀土总量较低,均值为56.91×10-6,δ(Eu)=0.9198.80%,均值为96.86%,表明其属于化学成分比较纯净的硅质岩;TFeO、MnO含量相对富集,Al2O3、TiO2含量相对亏损,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti和Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)的均值分别为83.80、93.90和0.21,与热水沉积物相似,表明其具有热水沉积特征;微量以富集As、Sb、Cd、U,而亏损Co、Ni、Ga为特征,其中U/Th平均比值为2.66,Ni/Co平均比值为1.58,表现出热水沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征;稀土总量较低,均值为56.91×10-6,δ(Eu)=0.911.42,Eu异常不显著,δ(Ce)=0.471.42,Eu异常不显著,δ(Ce)=0.471.03,大部分样品具有负Ce异常特征,稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分模式图略呈重稀土富集特征,与典型热水沉积硅质岩稀土元素配分模式相似;硅质岩δ18OSMOW值,与热泉硅华及生物成因硅质岩比较接近。综上,"白泥塘层"硅质岩可能属于热水沉积成因,在沉积的过程中混有非化学沉积物。 相似文献
4.
陆内强碱性火山岩的成因：以山东无棣大山霞石岩为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以山东无棣的大山更新世霞石岩为例,通过全岩的元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成特征,探讨陆内强碱性幔源火山岩的成因及其源区特征。山东地区的新生代玄武岩主要分为早晚两期,早期以橄榄玄武岩为主,晚期以强碱性岩为主（包括霞石岩、碧玄岩等,常见地幔橄榄岩捕掳体）。大山霞石岩为晚期火山作用的代表,具有富碱和贫硅铝等强碱性火山岩的典型特征。在微量元素组成上,大山霞石岩以强烈富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,在原始地幔标准化图上以明显亏损Zr、Hf、Ti为特征(Hf/Hf*=0.66~0.68,Ti/Ti*=0.68~0.70)。其Sr-Nd-Hf同位素比值均一(87Sr/86Sr>=0.70333~0.70339,εNd=5.95~6.34,εHf>=8.26~8.43),与早期玄武岩组成一个两端元混合的排列,其中大山霞石岩位于亏损端元一侧。在同位素组成相同的情况下,大山霞石岩相对山东新生代早期玄武岩具有明显偏低的Hf/Sm、Hf/Hf*、Ti/Ti*比值,说明源区残留矿物组合可以造成高场强元素Zr、Hf、Ti与稀土元素之间的明显分馏,暗示源区存在非橄榄岩组分。大山霞石岩相对橄榄岩来源熔体偏低的CaO含量和偏高的Zr/Hf比(47.9~48.4),说明其源区残留过剩的单斜辉石,源岩中的非橄榄岩成分为辉石岩或角闪石岩。中等亏损的同位素组成特征说明这些非橄榄岩组分可能与该区显生宙的地壳重循环过程有关。 相似文献
5.
若尔盖地区志留系内产出的众多铀矿床中含有层状、似层状、透镜状硅质灰岩,对其成因的研究有助于查明矿床成因和确定区域找矿方向。研究表明,硅质灰岩化学成分不稳定,以碱性CaO或酸性SiO_2为主。据硅质灰岩中蚀变矿物的微量元素地球化学特征,认为其流体主要来源于深部。从硅质灰岩的稀土配分看出,Ce/Ce*和Eu/Eu*值适中,硅质灰岩是海底喷流沉积的产物。硅质灰岩的δ~(13)C值偏高,具海洋沉积碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成特征。在铀矿床中δ~(18)O值较高,表现为地幔来源的特点。U的矿化程度与Al_2O_3-MnO-Fe_2O_3含量呈正相关,与P_2O_5呈负相关,与SiO_2-CaO-K_2O-TiO_2-Na_2O-MgO组合呈显著负相关。 相似文献
6.
安林地区铁矿属典型的接触交代型铁矿，与成矿作用有关的岩浆岩为燕山期闪长岩，奥陶系马家沟组第三岩性段是主要的赋矿地层。通过对该矿区与成矿相关的岩矿石稀土元素地球化学研究表明：闪长岩w（ΣREE）平均=114.12×10-6，灰岩w（ΣREE）平均=11.98×10-6，磁铁矿石w（ΣREE）平均=26.13×10-6，矽卡岩w（ΣREE）平均=65.67×10-6，磁铁矿石和矽卡岩的稀土总量介于闪长岩与灰岩之间；稀土配分曲线总体上都表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型；闪长岩一般具有极弱的正Eu异常，灰岩具有较明显的负Eu异常，矽卡岩具有较弱的负Eu异常，磁铁矿石具弱的正Eu异常或Eu异常不明显；岩矿石的δCe值非常接近，且均不显示或显示极弱的负Ce异常；铁矿石和矽卡岩继承了来自闪长岩和灰岩的稀土元素特征，结合S、Pb同位素特征，认为闪长岩提供了主要成矿物质，赋矿地层也可能提供了部分成矿物质。 相似文献
7.
浙江龙游沐尘早白垩世石英二长岩体的成因: 镁铁质包体及寄主岩的元素与Sr-Nd同位素地球化学证据 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
沐尘岩体呈北北东向出露于浙江龙游县沐尘至遂昌县双溪口一带,为早白垩世晚期(112Ma)岩浆活动的产物。岩体主体岩性为石英二长岩,岩体中普遍发育形态多样的暗色镁铁质微粒包体。包体岩性主要为黑云母二长闪长岩,包体多呈椭球形或卵形等塑性形态,大小不一,从几厘米到几十厘米不等。主量元素组成上,寄主石英二长岩具有中酸性、准铝质、富碱、富钾等特征;镁铁质包体则偏基性、贫钾。微量和稀土元素组成上,寄主岩富集Rb、K、Th、U,贫Sr、P、Nb、Ta、Ti,且Zr、Hf含量相对较高,具中-强的铕负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.12~0.60)。镁铁质包体具有相似的微量元素特征,但相对富集Sr、P,贫Zr、Hf,铕负异常中等或不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.43~0.93)。寄主岩及镁铁质包体具有相似的初始Sr、Nd同位素组成,ISr分别为0.7062~0.7065和0.7058~0.7070,εNd(t)值均偏高,分别为-3.19~-2.43和-2.60~0.58。在主量元素氧化物比值相关图解及微量元素与同位素协变图解上,镁铁质包体与寄主岩之间呈现出良好的协变关系,从地球化学角度为成岩过程中存在岩浆混合作用提供了可靠证据。温压计算表明沐尘岩体为温度偏高(797~851℃)的中深成岩体(6~7km)。综合岩石学、元素地球化学与Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,表明沐尘石英二长岩及镁铁质包体最可能是在引张构造背景下,由亏损的地幔组分及其诱发的地壳物质部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆经混合后,并经进一步的分异演化形成。 相似文献
8.
陕西宁强县中坝锰矿床形成于扬子地块西北缘伸展裂陷沉积环境内,是近年新发现的锰矿床,赋存于下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系内,含锰岩系岩性主要为含碳粉砂质板岩、含碳泥质板岩、硅质岩,夹有灰岩条带和灰岩透镜体,矿石类型为层状、似层状的含锰硅质岩及条纹条带状的含锰灰岩,含锰矿物主要为硬锰矿,可见极少量的菱锰矿。对中坝一带MnⅠ号锰矿体常量及微量元素地球化学特征分析表明：中坝锰矿体相对围岩亏损Ti和Al元素,SiO2/Al2O3比值较高,Th含量低,Y/Ho比值高,且含锰岩系的PAAS标准化的稀土元素配分模式具有轻稀土元素亏损、重稀土元素富集、Ce负异常、Y正异常的特征,与现代海水稀土元素配分模式一致,说明海水自生沉积作用对含锰岩系中元素的富集具有重要影响,陆源碎屑物质的影响较小;含锰岩系的Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）、Fe/Ti、（Fe+Mn）/Ti、U/Th、Sr/Ba比值、δEu及SiO2-Al2O3图解、Fe/Ti-Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）图解、Lg （U）-Lg （Th）图解、Fe-Mn-（Cu+Co+Ni）×10图解、La/Yb-REE图解、δEu-Mn图解均表明锰矿沉积为热水沉积和正常海水混合作用的结果。含锰岩系的δCe、V/Cr、V/（V+Cr）、Ni/Co比值、富集U、V、Mo等特征表明锰矿形成于还原-硫化的沉积环境。中坝锰矿的形成机制为在弱碱性、还原、富CO32-的条件下,Mn2+和CO32-结合形成菱锰矿而沉淀。由此总结出中坝锰矿的成矿模式为：在早古生代,富含Fe、Mn多金属的硅质热水溶液沿着刘家坪古火山通道上涌,上涌的热水与海水混合,在弱碱性、还原、富CO32-的条件下,Mn2+和CO32-结合形成菱锰矿而沉淀,形成Fe、Mn硅质岩,且在沉积凹陷处成矿更有利,溶于海水中的Mn同碳酸盐一同沉淀,形成含锰灰岩。 相似文献
9.
塔西南其木干早二叠世玄武岩的喷发时代及地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
塔西南其木干剖面棋盘组玄武岩是塔里木盆地早二叠世大火成岩省西南部的重要组成部分,根据其下伏和上覆砂岩地层的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析可以限定其喷发于~284Ma,相应于柯坪地区开派兹雷克组玄武岩的形成时代。其木干玄武岩的主量元素和Cr、Ni等相容元素含量变化较大,表明其曾经历广泛的橄榄石、辉石和长石结晶分异作用;所研究样品相对富集Th、U和LREE,具有弱-中等程度的Eu负异常 (Eu/Eu*=0.82~0.99),在微量元素蛛网图上显示Nb-Ta负异常;较低的εNd(t) (-4.8~-3.9) 和εHf(t) (-2.4~-1.6) 值、较高的 (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7078~0.7086)和存在Hf-Nd同位素解耦等特征表明,其木干玄武岩的源区为受远洋沉积物组分交代富集的岩石圈地幔,该富集过程主要与Rodinia超大陆聚合过程有关。总体上,其木干玄武岩的地球化学特征类似于柯坪地区的开派兹雷克组玄武岩,但具有更为富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素,暗示了塔里木板块周缘比板内地区可能经受了更强烈的远洋沉积物组分的交代富集。 相似文献
10.
新疆伊宁地块晚泥盆世火山岩的确认及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
最新发现的泥盆纪火山岩位于西天山伊犁地块北缘,主要岩石组成为流纹岩,英安岩夹少量安山岩。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,尼勒克北流纹岩类的形成时代一致,分别为369.7±4.9Ma,363.4±2.5Ma,均为晚泥盆世。岩石SiO2含量较高且变化范围较宽,Al2O3含量较高,富碱,贫镁和钙,高FeOT/MgO+FeOT比值,低TiO2,里特曼指数δ较小(1.09~2.88),A/CNK值变化较大(0.8~1.46),属于钙碱性过铝-准铝质低钛流纹岩类。稀土元素总量(∑REE)变化较大(80.66×10-6~241.8×10-6),稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集右倾((La/Yb)N=5.96~7.82),铕负异常明显(Eu/Eu*=0.47~0.86),相对富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,较高的Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta和Th/Ta比值(分别为0.18~5.15,11.18~13.96,3.54~9.5),较低的Ti/Zr、Ti/Y及Ta/Yb比值(分别为4.95~25.79,43.7~295.5,0.45~1.29),这些地球化学特征表明其可能为上地壳部分熔融的产物,源区残留物组成可能为斜长石和角闪石,同时显示其具有大陆边缘弧亲缘性,这与西天山在早石炭世处于岛弧环境相匹配,即在晚泥盆世-早石炭世期间,准噶尔洋向伊犁-中天山地块之下发生俯冲,形成了伊犁地块北缘的大陆边缘弧岩浆带。尼勒克北晚泥盆世流纹岩类成岩时代的确定及构造环境分析为进一步认识伊犁地块北缘地区的构造演化提供了新的证据。 相似文献
11.
采用悬浮液进样进行原子光谱测定,可以减少样品前处理和不用酸碱化学试剂,是一种绿色化学的发展方向。本文采用表面张力仪对聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧化乙烯、六偏磷酸钠、柠檬酸三钠等表面活性剂与铅锌矿粉末组成悬浮液的表面张力进行测定,利用火焰原子吸收光谱法的雾化装置进行了雾化效率的考察和优化选择。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,水溶液和悬浮液的雾化效率均增大,当达到一定浓度时,雾化效率增幅趋缓并达到最大值,不同表面活性剂具有不同变化趋势。对于聚氧化乙烯制备的悬浮液,在2 g/L浓度时具有最高的雾化效率;而聚丙烯酸钠在5 g/L浓度时具有更高的雾化效率,可达20%。表明表面活性剂能改善悬浮液的稳定性并提高雾化效率,可以应用于原子光谱的测定。 相似文献
12.
C. Lv J. Chen X. Wang 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(3):631-638
The aim of this study was to select the appropriate surfactant for the remediation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil using an in situ foam-flushing technique. The research investigated the performance of the nonionic surfactants polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether, polysorbate, and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, as well as the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate, in foam static characteristics, solubility enhancement of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, adsorption loss onto soil, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane desorption from contaminated soil using a foam-flushing approach. Considering the above four criteria, the overall performance suggested polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether should be selected for the remediation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil due to its better foamability and stability, relatively high solubilization ability for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and greatest contaminant desorption efficiency from soil via foam flushing. Results of the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane desorption experiments showed that desorption efficiency of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane by different surfactants was largely influenced by foam static characteristics and solubility enhancement of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane rather than adsorption loss onto soil, which indicated that foam static characteristics and solubilization ability of surfactants were two key criteria for selection of high-performance foam surfactant. 相似文献
13.
The maximum flotation response for three naturally occurring calcium minerals, apatite, calcite and fluorite with sodium oleate collector correlated directly with the minimum interfacial tension of the air/solution interface. For fluorite and apatite the minimum surface tension occurred about the mid-pH region and was attributed to the formation of pre-micellar associated species in solution. In the case of calcite the minimum was observed at high pH since the presence of high concentrations of calcium ions in solution appeared to reduce the concentration of amphililic species in the low and mid-pH regions.Microelectrophoresis data demonstrated that the three minerals acquired a negative charge in sodium oleate solution, resulting from adsorption of oleate species on the mineral surfaces.The flotation behaviour of the systems were shown to be related to the species distribution diagrams suggesting that the role of the acid soap dimer, soap dimer, molecular and lattice species could make a significant contribution to the character and composition of the interfacial films.High flotation response was explained by strong adhesion between the hydrophobic particle and bubble. It was suggested that the reduction in surface tension may not be the major factor contributing to the flotation efficiency but indicated the presence of associated surfactant species in solution which could also synergistically adsorb at the solid/liquid interface, increasing the hydrophobic character of the mineral surface. This would maximize the magnitude of the contact angle and hence the strength of the adhesion between particle and bubble. This adsorption behaviour is not in general agreement with conventionally non-hydrolyzable collector theory which is usually based on electrostatic models. 相似文献
14.
Surface tension of sedimentary fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) with molecular weight from < 10,000 to > 300,000 was measured at 5°C and 25°C, over a wide range of concentrations (0.114-107.4 g/l) at pH 8. HA was in the form of sodium humate. Surface tension decreases with an increase in HA and FA concentration and both HA and FA were found to be surface active materials with FA exhibiting the lowest surface tension (31 dynes/cm).Plots of surface tension vs. log concentration gave two straight lines with a break at a certain concentration similar to surfactants. From the concentration at the break point, aggregation concentration (AGC) was determined. For HA with molecular weight above 10,000, the AGC decreased with an increase in molecular weight. The more hydrophobic the HA, the greater was the tendency to form aggregates. Surface excess (surface concentration) was determined (2.3 × 10?10?5.5 × 10?10mol/cn2) from the slope of the plot of surface tension vs. log concentration for concentrations lower than the AGC. Adsorption of HA into the surface layer increased with increasing molecular weight of HA. 相似文献
15.
Carl P. Beitelshees C.Judson King Hugo H. Sephton 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1981,8(2):97-110
An experimental study was made to identify surfactants which are effective for removal of copper from dilute aqueous solution (100–500 ppm) by precipitate flotation as the sulfide, and which at the same time can be recovered from the CuS product for recycle. Batch flotation experiments confirmed that a cationic surfactant was necessary for flotation of CuS from such dilute suspensions; however, no satisfactory way could be found for recovering cationic surfactants from the CuS. This led to consideration of amphoteric surfactants, which are cationic at low pH and anionic at high pH. It was found that a change to negative, rather than simply neutral, charge was required for efficient surfactant recovery. It was further found, through the assistance of experiments in which the CuS suspension was agitated with solvents, that certain functional groups which interact chemically with the CuS surface should also be absent from the surfactant molecule. Following this logic, Amphoterge K-2 (Lonza Chemical Co.) was identified as a suitable surfactant, provided CuS was precipitated with S2? in excess. Tests established that 95% of adsorbed Amphoterge K-2 could be recovered by raising the pH to 11 and boiling the suspension for one hour, followed by decanting. Surfactant thus recovered was effective in a second flotation test. Foamate solids settled rapidly; such behavior would help reduce the consumption of chemicals for the pH change.Column flotation studies were made using Amphoterge K-2 for removal of Cu2+ present at 100 ppm and pH = 2. High removals of CuS could be obtained at concentrations of surfactant above about 25 ppm, for which conditions a substantial fraction of the surfactant remains in solution rather than being adsorbed onto the CuS. The recovery of CuS would be improved by introducing the surfactant in a separate feed, below the feed of CuS suspension. Adding some surfactant in the CuS feed, as well as in a lower feed, gave an even better recovery of CuS (99.8%) at sufficiently high surfactant loadings. 相似文献
16.
研究了不同表面活性剂对不同等级水镁石纤维的松解效果，通过对纤维悬浮液叩解度、粘度、纤维表面Zeta电位、纤维混凝土强度等的研究，并经扫描电镜分析，证明了化学松解工艺对水镁石纤维具有较好地劈分作用。表面活性剂种类及用量对纤维的叩解度、纤维的表面电位、悬浮液粘度均有影响，对不同等级纤维的影响有差异。随表面活性剂用量增加，纤维的叩解度、纤维表面的负电荷量、悬浮液的粘度一般均呈增加趋势。经过化学分散试验，水镁石纤维得到了较好松解，纤维直径由微米级下降至纳米级。将水镁石纤维应用于混凝土，抗折强度随纤维叩解度的增加而提高，说明纤维的化学分散有利于纤维对混凝土增强作用的发挥。 相似文献
17.
The complex mineral assemblages of silica and Fe minerals play a significant role in the transport of compounds in soils and sediments. Five coated sands including Goethite, Lepidocrocite, Ferrihydrite, Hematite and Magnetite were synthesized by a heterogeneous suspension method and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, BET surface area and chemical analyses. The synthesis results showed that the degree of coating (mg Fe/g sand) varied with the mineralogy of Fe coating phases, which may have different affinities towards the silica surface. Batch experiments were conducted with two compounds (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid) to quantify the contributions to adsorption from different oxide coatings and compare adsorption characteristics of selected organic acids. Sorption of these compounds to coated sands was examined versus a wide range of conditions (time, pH, ionic strength and sorbate concentration). Because of the attachment of Fe oxide, the coated sand had higher specific surface area, involving a better adsorption efficiency of organic compounds. Mineral surface charge and pH proved to be important for the adsorption of these compounds. The batch results indicated that the degree of coating was the most significant factor enhancing the sorption of aromatic compounds on the surface of sand and the mineralogy of the Fe phase was of less importance. 相似文献
18.
Wimpy Karnanda M. S. Benzagouta Abdulrahman AlQuraishi M. M. Amro 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3535-3544
In this research, effect of temperature, pressure, salinity, surfactant concentration, and surfactant type on interfacial tension (IFT) and critical micelle concentration of Saudi Arabian crude oil and various aqueous phases were investigated. The temperature ranged from ambient condition to 90°C, and the pressures were varied from atmospheric to 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa). Surfactant solutions were prepared using several aqueous phases, i.e., purified water, 10% brine consisting of 100% NaCl, 10% brine consisting of 95% NaCl and 5% CaCl2, and 10% brine consisting of 83% NaCl and 17% CaCl2. Out of 13 commercial surfactants, only three surfactants showed good solubility in pure water and brine. Those are Zonyl FSE Fluorosurfactant®, Triton X-100®, and Triton X-405®. Therefore, they were investigated thoroughly by measuring their efficiency in reducing the crude oil-aqueous phase IFT. Based on this screening process, laboratory surfactant flooding experiments for crude oil recovery were conducted using Triton X-405 and Triton X-100. The chemical flood was made at both original oil in place and at residual oil in place subsequent to conventional water flooding. Based on the obtained results, both surfactants were efficient, and more oil was recovered than that obtained through water flooding. Comparing both surfactant solutions, it was observed that Triton X-405 was more efficient than Triton X-100 at the same surfactant concentration and reservoir conditions. 相似文献
19.
20.
Response surface methodology approach to the optimization of oil hydrocarbon polluted soil remediation using enhanced soil washing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A. Kalali M.Sc. T. Ebadi A. Rabbani S. Sadri Moghaddam M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(2):389-400
One of the environmental concerns in recent decades is the prevalence of different pollutants in soil. Hence, the importance of remediation has led to the development of various methods to remediate polluted soil. Among these methods, soil washing has gained significant attention to treat polluted soils. In this paper, the response surface methodology was applied in order to determine the optimal conditions for total petroleum hydrocarbon remediation using nonionic surfactant Brij35 in soil environment. The effect of different factors in soil washing process including surfactant solution concentration and volume, washing time, age of pollution and frequency of washing are evaluated. The predicted values for total petroleum hydrocarbon remediation efficiency by the response functions are in a very close agreement with experimental data (R-2= 98.75 %). The second order model was developed as experimented response and optimal conditions were obtained by analyzing the contour and surface plots and also by solving the regression equation using LINGO 9.0 software. The optimal concentrations (8 g/L), volume of surfactant solution (500 mL), washing time (75 min), age of pollution (29 days) and frequency of washing (three times) are determined. In this optimal condition, the removal efficiency has been observed to be 93.54 % which conforms to the results of process optimization using response surface methodology. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the response surface methodology is a suitable approach to determine the optimal conditions of soil washing to remediate organic hydrophobic pollutants using the nonionic surfactant Brij35 from the soil. 相似文献