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1.
颜丽丽  贺振宇  刘磊  赵志丹 《地质通报》2015,34(203):466-473
浙江雁荡山是中国东南部燕山晚期巨型火山-侵入杂岩带的重要组成部分。对其中央侵入相石英正长斑岩的暗色微粒包体中的斑晶和基质斜长石进行了详细的内部结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石复杂环带的成因和相关的岩浆作用过程。斑晶斜长石由熔蚀的核部和表面干净的幔部组成,边部包裹有钾长石膜。核部斜长石呈浑圆状或港湾状,内部发育筛状结构,An成分显著低于幔部斜长石,代表来自酸性岩浆房中早期结晶的斜长石捕掳晶。同时,幔部斜长石与自形、表面干净的基质斜长石具有类似的An含量,且两者均含有针状磷灰石的包裹体,应结晶自与暗色微粒包体相应的基性岩浆。长石的复杂结构记录了雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩形成过程中的岩浆混合作用和岩浆演化过程。岩浆混合之后的火山喷发活动,造成岩浆房的压力突然减小,温压条件达到钾长石结晶的区域,在石英正长斑岩的斑晶斜长石和暗色包体中的斑晶与基质斜长石外均形成钾长石膜,构成反环斑结构。  相似文献   

2.
The Tunk Lake pluton of coastal Maine, USA is a concentrically zoned granitic body that grades from an outer hypersolvus granite into subsolvus rapakivi granite, and then into subsolvus non-rapakivi granite, with gradational contacts between these zones. The pluton is partially surrounded by a zone of basaltic and gabbroic enclaves, interpreted as quenched magmatic droplets and mushes, respectively, as well as gabbroic xenoliths, all hosted by high-silica granite. The granite is zoned in terms of mineral assemblage, mineral composition, zircon crystallization temperature, and major and trace element concentration, from the present-day rim (interpreted as being closer to the base of the chamber) to the core (interpreted as being closer to the upper portions of the chamber). The ferromagnesian mineral assemblage systematically changes from augite and hornblende with augite cores in the outermost hypersolvus granite to hornblende, to hornblende and biotite, and finally, to biotite only in the subsolvus granite core of the pluton. Sparse fine-grained basaltic enclaves that are most common in the outermost zone of the pluton suggest that basaltic magma was present in the lower portions of the magma chamber at the same time that the upper portions of the magma chamber were occupied by a granitic crystal mush. However, the slight variations in initial Nd isotopic ratio in granites from different zones of the pluton suggest that contamination of the granitic melt by basaltic melt played little role in generating the compositional gradation of the pluton. The zone of basaltic and gabbroic chilled magmatic enclaves, and gabbroic xenoliths, hosted by high-silica granite, that partially surround the pluton is interpreted as mafic layers at the base of the pluton that were disrupted by invading late-stage high-silica magma. These mafic layers are likely to have consisted of basaltic lava layers and basalt that chilled against granitic magma to produce coarse-grained gabbroic mush. Basaltic and gabbroic magmatic enclaves and gabbroic xenoliths are hornblende-bearing, suggesting that their parent melts were relatively hydrous. The water-rich nature of the underplating mafic magmas may have prevented extensive invasion of the granitic magma by these magmas, owing to the much greater viscosity of the granitic magma than the mafic magmas in the temperature range over which magma interaction could have occurred.  相似文献   

3.
The Ghansura Rhyolite Dome of the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence in eastern India originated from a subvolcanic felsic magma chamber that was intruded by volatile-rich basaltic magma during its evolution leading to the formation of a porphyritic andesite. The porphyritic andesite consists of rapakivi feldspars, which are characterized by phenocrysts of alkali feldspar mantled by plagioclase rims. Results presented in this work suggest that intimate mixing of the mafic and felsic magmas produced a homogeneous hybrid magma of intermediate composition. The mixing of the hot volatile-rich mafic magma with the relatively colder felsic magma halted undercooling in the subvolcanic felsic system and produced a hybrid magma rich in volatiles. Under such conditions, selective crystals in the hybrid magma underwent textural coarsening or Ostwald ripening. Rapid crystallization of anhydrous phases, like feldspars, increased the melt water content in the hybrid magma. Eventually, volatile saturation in the hybrid magma was reached that led to the sudden release of volatiles. The sudden release of volatiles or devolatilization event led to resorption of alkali feldspar phenocrysts and stabilizing plagioclase, some of which precipitated around the resorbed phenocrysts to produce rapakivi feldspars.  相似文献   

4.
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the generation of chemical gradients in high-volume ignimbrites is key to retrieve information on the processes that control the maturation and eruption of large silicic magmatic reservoirs. Over the last 60 ky, two large ignimbrites showing remarkable zoning were emplaced during caldera-forming eruptions at Campi Flegrei (i.e., Campanian Ignimbrite, CI, ~?39 ka and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, NYT, ~?15 ka). While the CI displays linear compositional, thermal and crystallinity gradients, the NYT is a more complex ignimbrite characterized by crystal-poor magmas ranging in composition from trachy-andesites to phonolites. By combining major and trace element compositions of matrix glasses and mineral phases from juvenile clasts located at different stratigraphic heights along the NYT pyroclastic sequence, we interpret such compositional gradients as the result of mixing/mingling between three different magmas: (1) a resident evolved magma showing geochemical characteristics of a melt extracted from a cumulate mush dominated by clinopyroxene, plagioclase and oxides with minor sanidine and biotite; (2) a hotter and more mafic magma from recharge providing high-An plagioclase and high-Mg clinopyroxene crystals and (3) a compositionally intermediate magma derived from remelting of low temperature mineral phases (i.e., sanidine and biotite) within the cumulate crystal mush. We suggest that the presence of a refractory crystal mush, as documented by the occurrence of abundant crystal clots containing clinopyroxene, plagioclase and oxides, is the main reason for the lack of erupted crystal-rich material in the NYT. A comparison between the NYT and the CI, characterized by both crystal-poor extracted melts and crystal-rich magmas representing remobilized portions of a “mature” (i.e., sanidine dominated) cumulate residue, allows evaluation of the capability of crystal mushes of becoming eruptible upon recharge.  相似文献   

5.
The Nimchak granite pluton (NGP) of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC), Eastern India, provides ample evidence of magma interaction in a plutonic regime for the first time in this part of the Indian shield. A number of outcrop level magmatic structures reported from many mafic-felsic mixing and mingling zones worldwide, such as synplutonic dykes, mafic magmatic enclaves and hybrid rocks extensively occur in our study domain. From field observations it appears that the Nimchak pluton was a vertically zoned magma chamber that was intruded by a number of mafic dykes during the whole crystallization history of the magma chamber leading to magma mixing and mingling scenario. The lower part of the pluton is occupied by coarse-grained granodiorite (64.84–66.61?wt.% SiO2), while the upper part is occupied by fine-grained granite (69.80–70.57?wt.% SiO2). Field relationships along with textural and geochemical signatures of the pluton suggest that it is a well-exposed felsic magma chamber that was zoned due to fractional crystallization. The intruding mafic magma interacted differently with the upper and lower granitoids. The lower granodiorite is characterized by mafic feeder dykes and larger mafic magmatic enclaves, whereas the enclaves occurring in the upper granite are comparatively smaller and the feeder dykes could not be traced here, except two late-stage mafic dykes. The mafic enclaves occurring in the upper granite show higher degrees of hybridization with respect to those occurring in the lower granite. Furthermore, enclaves are widely distributed in the upper granite, whereas enclaves in the lower granite occur adjacent to the main feeder dykes.Geochemical signatures confirm that the intermediate rocks occurring in the Nimchak pluton are mixing products formed due to the mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. A number of important physical properties of magmas like temperature, viscosity, glass transition temperature and fragility have been used in magma mixing models to evaluate the process of magma mixing. A geodynamic model of pluton construction and evolution is presented that shows episodic replenishments of mafic magma into the crystallizing felsic magma chamber from below. Data are consistent with a model whereby mafic magma ponded at the crust-mantle boundary and melted the overlying crust to form felsic (granitic) magma. The mafic magma episodically rose, injected and interacted with an overlying felsic magma chamber that was undergoing fractional crystallization forming hybrid intermediate rocks. The intrusion of mafic magma continued after complete solidification of the magma chamber as indicated by the presence of two late-stage mafic dykes.  相似文献   

6.
Mantling of alkali feldspar megacrysts by oligoclase (‘rapakivi texture’) generally can be interpreted as the result of magma mixing, although decompression is a viable interpretation, especially for high-level intrusions. Coexistence of mantled and unmantled crystals can be explained by transfer of mantled crystals (‘antecrysts’) from a mixed (hybrid) rock to a host granitoid devoid of mantled crystals, for example, by disintegration of microgranitoid enclaves. Processes capable of explaining multiple oligoclase shells include repeated increase and release of volatiles, and repeated replenishment by more mafic magma. The shells could be formed by transfer of megacrysts into and out of a magma-mixing zone during flow in dyke-like conduits or in the fronts of mafic flows moving across cumulate layers in plutons. Ovoid megacrysts, which occur especially in Proterozoic rapakivi granitoids, are difficult to interpret but are better explained by growth processes than by magmatic corrosion. The common presence of simple twinning, partial crystal faces, euhedral plagioclase inclusions and granophyre-like intergrowths with quartz favours normal magmatic growth. The common ovoid shapes with local facets could reflect incomplete development of crystal faces, owing to relatively rapid growth. Granophyre-like intergrowths in the ovoids, local granophyre occurring as megacryst rims and in the groundmass, and the common presence of miaroles suggest growth of the ovoids at relatively shallow depth, at conditions of delayed nucleation and consequent undercooling, resulting from accumulation and retention of fluid. Development of the ovoids is independent of plagioclase mantling.  相似文献   

7.
Mafic inclusions present in the rhyolitic lavas of Narugo volcano,Japan, are vesiculated andesites with diktytaxitic texturesmainly composed of quenched acicular plagioclase, pyroxenes,and interstitial glass. When the mafic magma was incorporatedinto the silica-rich host magma, the cores of pyroxenes andplagioclase began to crystallize (>1000°C) in a boundarylayer between the mafic and felsic magmas. Phenocryst rim compositionsand interstitial glass compositions (average 78 wt % SiO2) inthe mafic inclusions are the same as those of the phenocrystsand groundmass glass in the host rhyolite. This suggests thatthe host felsic melt infiltrated into the incompletely solidifiedmafic inclusion, and that the interstitial melt compositionin the inclusions became close to that of the host melt (c.850°C). Infiltration was enhanced by the vesiculation ofthe mafic magma. Finally, hybridized and density-reduced portionsof the mafic magma floated up from the boundary layer into thehost rhyolite. We conclude that the ascent of mafic magma triggeredthe eruption of the host rhyolitic magma. KEY WORDS: mafic inclusion; stratified magma chamber; magma mixing; mingling; Narugo volcano; Japan  相似文献   

8.
浙江普陀花岗杂岩体包含若干石英闪长质包体,该类包体中存在三种不同类型的斜长石:正常环带的斜长石、筛孔构造的斜长石和酸性斜长石为核的“反环带”斜长石。根据斜长石的环带构造特征和成分分析,认为本区的岩浆演化过程大致如下:下部基性岩浆注入到上覆酸性岩浆中并进行混合作用,酸性岩浆中已结晶的富钠质斜长石晶体进入偏基性的混合岩浆中,部分熔融形成筛孔构造;随着端员岩浆的进一步混合,富钠质斜长石晶体与中性混合熔体仅形成粗糙的边界,而保留原先构造特征;同时混合岩浆可以直接结晶出正常环带斜长石,呈单颗粒或以膜的形式包围其它环带构造的长石。本文还通过与平潭甬闪辉长岩杂岩体内筛孔斜长石的对比,认为斜长石的环带构造和成分可以反映岩浆源区特征和岩浆演化历史。  相似文献   

9.
The paper presents original data on the inner structure, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Late Paleozoic Burgasy quartz syenite massif in western Transbaikalia and mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) in its rocks. The composition of the mafic microgranular enclaves is close to that of phase-1 monzonitoids of this pluton, but the enclaves are not xenoliths of these rocks but were produced by the crystallization of an individual portion of dispersed hybridized basalt melt. The basaltoid nature of the enclaves follows, first of all, from the relict assemblage of calcic plagioclase (An 73–60) and clinopyroxene and from the magmatic dolerite and microgabbro textures of the rocks. The monzonitoid composition of the enclaves was caused by hybridism, which was responsible for the crystallization of quartz, potassic feldspar, and sodic plagioclase due to the introduction of silica, potassium, and some other components. Hybridism was restricted to a boundary crystallization layer in the deep portion of the magmatic chamber (near its bottom). The scatter of the enclaves throughout the whole volume of the pluton is explained by the density inversion of the hybrid layer and material transfer by convective flows. The mafic enclaves crystallized from basaltic melt of within-plate geochemical type. In spite of intense hybridism, the enclaves preserved typical compositional signatures of mafic magma related to the generation of granites in western Transbaikalia in the Late Paleozoic. The basaltoid nature of the mafic enclaves of the Burgasy Massif testifies that magma was simultaneously generated in the mantle and crust during the development of the Late Paleozoic province in the area.  相似文献   

10.
The Parnell Quartz Monzonite in the Pilbara Block of Western Australia is a Proterozoic (1731 ± 14 Ma) pluton characterized by high modal K‐feldspar and a greater abundance of hornblende relative to biotite, as is typical of Phanerozoic monzonitic rocks in eastern Australia. The only geochemical features reflecting its setting in an Archaean terrain are high Na2O, Ni and Cr. The pluton is zoned, with an increase in K‐feldspar, quartz and biotite and a decrease in plagioclase and hornblende from margin to core. Chemically, this zoning is reflected by systematic variation of CaO, K2O, Na2O, Sr and Rb, but ferromagnesian elements have irregular trends, implying preferential extraction of feldspars relative to mafic minerals during differentiation of the magma. The unusual geochemical trends are explained by a model involving ‘in situ’ feldspar fractionation of a K‐rich residual liquid from a mafic crystalline mush.

A parent magma similar to the average rock composition of the pluton is deduced because high ferromagnesian trace element abundances preclude extensive fractionation of mafic minerals. Geochemical and isotopic constraints suggest that the ultimate source was chemically similar to a shoshonitic basaltic andesite, that must have been emplaced beneath the eastern margin of the Pilbara Block in the Early Proterozoic. Subsequent partial melting of this postulated underplated source at ～ 1700 Ma to produce the Parnell Quartz Monzonite was probably associated with tectonism in the Gregory Range Complex.  相似文献   

11.
Adcumulate formation in mafic layered intrusions is attributed either to gravity-driven compaction, which expels the intercumulus melt out of the crystal matrix, or to compositional convection, which maintains the intercumulus liquid at a constant composition through liquid exchange with the main magma body. These processes are length-scale and time-scale dependent, and application of experimentally derived theoretical formulations to magma chambers is not straightforward. New data from the Sept Iles layered intrusion are presented and constrain the relative efficiency of these processes during solidification of the mafic crystal mush. Troctolites with meso- to ortho-cumulate texture are stratigraphically followed by Fe–Ti oxide-bearing gabbros with adcumulate texture. Calculations of intercumulus liquid fractions based on whole-rock P, Zr, V and Cr contents and detailed plagioclase compositional profiles show that both compaction and compositional convection operate, but their efficiency changes with liquid differentiation. Before saturation of Fe–Ti oxides in the intercumulus liquid, convection is not active due to the stable liquid density distribution within the crystal mush. At this stage, compaction and minor intercumulus liquid crystallization reduce the porosity to 30%. The velocity of liquid expulsion is then too slow compared with the rate of crystal accumulation. Compositional convection starts at Fe–Ti oxide-saturation in the pore melt due to its decreasing density. This process occurs together with crystallization of the intercumulus melt until the residual porosity is less than 10%. Compositional convection is evidenced by external plagioclase rims buffered at An61 owing to continuous exchange between the intercumulus melt and the main liquid body. The change from a channel flow regime that dominates in troctolites to a porous flow regime in gabbros results from the increasing efficiency of compaction with differentiation due to higher density contrast between the cumulus crystal matrix and the equilibrium melts and to the bottom-up decreasing rate of crystal accumulation in the magma chamber.  相似文献   

12.
文章报道了江西蔡江花岗质岩体中发现暗色微粒包体,以及这些包体的地质、岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征。包体多呈椭圆状,显示淬冷边和反向脉,具有典型的岩浆结构并含有针状磷灰石,有的包体含有长石捕虏晶。包体具有相对较低的SiO2（低至57.05 wt%）和较高的MgO+Fe2O3（高达14.21 wt%）含量。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年数据表明,包体形成于晚三叠世（224 Ma）,与寄主花岗岩（230~228 Ma）在误差范围内基本一致。上述特征表明,包体是离散的幔源偏基性岩浆团或者是幔源与寄主岩浆混合的产物。原始包体岩浆属于超钾质岩浆,可能是通过岩石圈地幔中交代成因的金云母辉石岩脉发生部分熔融而形成的。暗色微粒包体的发现为幔源岩浆底侵提供了直接证据,从而为蔡江花岗质岩石形成于较高温度提供佐证。该研究对于进一步探讨华南印支期花岗岩形成的热源机制具有意义。  相似文献   

13.
We present field and petrographic data on Mafic Magmatic Enclaves (MME), hybrid enclaves and synplutonic mafic dykes in the calc-alkaline granitoid plutons from the Dharwar craton to characterize coeval felsic and mafic magmas including interaction of mafic and felsic magmas. The composite host granitoids comprise of voluminous juvenile intrusive facies and minor anatectic facies. MME, hybrid enclaves and synplutonic mafic dykes are common but more abundant along the marginal zone of individual plutons. Circular to ellipsoidal MME are fine to medium grained with occasional chilled margins and frequently contain small alkali feldspar xenocrysts incorporated from host. Hybrid magmatic enclaves are intermediate in composition showing sharp to diffused contacts with adjoining host. Spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes commonly occur as fragmented dykes with necking and back veining. Similar magmatic textures of mafic rocks and their felsic host together with cuspate contacts, magmatic flow structures, mixing, mingling and hybridization suggest their coeval nature. Petrographic evidences such as disequilibrium assemblages, resorption, quartz ocelli, rapakivi-like texture and poikilitically enclosed alkali feldspar in amphibole and plagioclase suggest interaction, mixing/mingling of mafic and felsic magmas. Combined field and petrographic evidences reveal convection and divergent flow in the host magma chamber following the introduction of mafic magmas. Mixing occurs when mafic magma is introduced into host felsic magma before initiation of crystallization leading to formation of hybrid magma under the influence of convection. On the other hand when mafic magmas inject into host magma containing 30–40% crystals, the viscosities of the two magmas are sufficiently different to permit mixing but permit only mingling. Finally, if the mafic magmas are injected when felsic host was largely crystallized (~70% or more crystals), they fill early fractures and interact with the last residual liquids locally resulting in fragmented dykes. The latent heat associated with these mafic injections probably cause reversal of crystallization of adjoining host in magma chamber resulting in back veining in synplutonic mafic dykes. Our field data suggest that substantial volume of mafic magmas were injected into host magma chamber during different stages of crystallization. The origin of mafic magmas may be attributed to decompression melting of mantle associated with development of mantle scale fractures as a consequence of crystallization of voluminous felsic magmas in magma chambers at deep crustal levels.  相似文献   

14.
The Cordillera del Paine pluton in the southernmost Andes of Chile represents a deeply dissected magma chamber where mafic magma intruded into crystallizing granitic magma. Throughout much of the 10x15 km pluton, there is a sharp and continuous boundary at a remarkably constant elevation of 1,100 m that separates granitic rocks (Cordillera del Paine or CP granite: 69–77% SiO2) which make up the upper levels of the pluton from mafic and comingled rocks (Paine Mafic Complex or PMC: 45–60% SiO2) which dominate the lower exposures of the pluton. Chilled, crenulate, disrupted contacts of mafic rock against granite demonstrate that partly crystallized granite was intruded by mafic magma which solidified prior to complete crystallization of the granitic magma. The boundary at 1,100 m was a large and stable density contrast between the denser, hotter mafic magma and cooler granitic magma. The granitic magma was more solidified near the margins of the chamber when mafic intrusion occurred, and the PMC is less disrupted by granites there. Near the pluton margins, the PMC grades upward irregularly from cumulate gabbros to monzodiorites. Mafic magma differentiated largely by fractional crystallization as indicated by the presence of cumulate rocks and by the low levels of compatible elements in most PMC rocks. The compositional gap between the PMC and CP granite indicates that mixing (blending) of granitic magma into the mafic magma was less important, although it is apparent from mineral assemblages in mafic rocks. Granitic magma may have incorporated small amounts of mafic liquid that had evolved to >60% SiO2 by crystallization. Mixing was inhibited by the extent of crystallization of the granite, and by the thermal contrast and the stable density contrast between the magmas. PMC gabbros display disequilibrium mineral assemblages including early formed zoned olivine (with orthopyroxene coronas), clinopyroxene, calcic plagioclase and paragasite and later-formed amphibole, sodic plagioclase, mica and quartz. The early formed gabbroic minerals (and their coronas) are very similar to phenocrysts in late basaltic dikes that cut the upper levels of the CP granite. The inferred parental magmas of both dikes and gabbros were very similar to subalkaline basalts of the Patagonian Plateau that erupted at about the same time, 35 km to the east. Mafic and silicic magmas at Cordillera del Paine are consanguineous, as demonstrated by alkalinity and trace-element ratios. However, the contemporaneity of mafic and silicic magmas precludes a parent-daughter relationship. The granitic magma most likely was derived by differentiation of mafic magmas that were similar to those that later intruded it. Or, the granitic magma may have been contaminated by mafic magmas similar to the PMC magmas before its shallow emplacement. Mixing would be favored at deeper levels when the cooling rate was lower and the granitic magma was less solidified.  相似文献   

15.
Slaby  E.; Martin  H. 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(2):353-391
The Hercynian, post-collisional Karkonosze pluton contains severallithologies: equigranular and porphyritic granites, hybrid quartzdiorites and granodiorites, microgranular magmatic enclaves,and composite and lamprophyre dykes. Field relationships, mineralogyand major- and trace-element geochemistry show that: (1) theequigranular granite is differentiated and evolved by smalldegrees of fractional crystallization and that it is free ofcontamination by mafic magma; (2) all other components are affectedby mixing. The end-members of the mixing process were a porphyriticgranite and a mafic lamprophyre. The degree of mixing variedwidely depending on both place and time. All of the processesinvolved are assessed quantitatively with the following conclusions.Most of the pluton was affected by mixing, implying that hugevolumes (>75 km3) of mafic magma were available. This maficmagma probably supplied the additional heat necessary to initiatecrustal melting; part of this heat could have also been releasedas latent heat of crystallization. Only a very small part ofthe Karkonosze granite escaped interaction with mafic magma,specifically the equigranular granite and a subordinate partof the porphyritic granite. Minerals from these facies are compositionallyhomogeneous and/or normally zoned, which, together with geochemicalmodelling, indicates that they evolved by small degrees of fractionalcrystallization (<20%). Accessory minerals played an importantrole during magmatic differentiation and, thus, the fractionalcrystallization history is better recorded by trace rather thanby major elements. The interactions between mafic and felsicmagmas reflect their viscosity contrast. With increasing viscositycontrast, the magmatic relationships change from homogeneous,hybrid quartz diorites–granodiorites, to rounded magmaticenclaves, to composite dykes and finally to dykes with chilledmargins. These relationships indicate that injection of maficmagma into the granite took place over the whole crystallizationhistory. Consequently, a long-lived mafic source coexisted togetherwith the granite magma. Mafic magmas were derived either directlyfrom the mantle or via one or more crustal storage reservoirs.Compatible element abundances (e.g. Ni) show that the maficmagmas that interacted with the granite were progressively poorerin Ni in the order hybrid quartz diorites—granodiorites—enclaves—compositedykes. This indicates that the felsic and mafic magmas evolvedindependently, which, in the case of the Karkonosze granite,favours a deep-seated magma chamber rather than a continuousflux from mantle. Two magma sources (mantle and crust) coexisted,and melted almost contemporaneously; the two reservoirs evolvedindependently by fractional crystallization. However, maficmagma was continuously being intruded into the crystallizinggranite, with more or less complete mixing. Several lines ofevidence (e.g. magmatic flux structures, incorporation of granitefeldspars into mafic magma, feldspar zoning with fluctuatingtrace element patterns reflecting rapid changes in magma composition)indicate that, during its emplacement and crystallization, thegranite body was affected by strong internal movements. Thesewould favour more complete and efficient mixing. The systematicspatial–temporal association of lamprophyres with crustalmagmas is interpreted as indicating that their mantle sourceis a fertile peridotite, possibly enriched (metasomatized) byearlier subduction processes. KEY WORDS: Bohemian Massif; fractional crystallization; geochemical modelling; hybridization; Karkonosze  相似文献   

16.
The magma forming the 20 m thick crinanitic/picrodoleritic Dun Raisburgh sill, part of the Little Minch Sill Complex of NW Scotland, comprised a mafic carrier liquid with a crystal cargo of plagioclase and olivine (1 vol%). The olivine component of the cargo settled on the floor of the intrusion while the more buoyant plagioclase component remained suspended during solidification, resulting in a relatively high plagioclase content in the centre of the sill. The settled olivine grains form a lower fining-upwards sequence overlain by a poorly sorted accumulation formed of grains that grew within the convecting magma. The accumulation of olivine on the sill floor occurred over 5–10 weeks, synchronous with the upwards-propagation of a solidification front comprising a porous (~?70 vol% interstitial liquid) plagioclase-rich crystal mush.  相似文献   

17.
Roof-to-floor exposures of mid-Miocene plutons in tilt blocks south of Las Vegas, NV, reveal distinct but strongly contrasting magma chamber statigraphy. The Searchlight and Aztec Wash plutons are well-exposed, stratified intrusions that show a similar broad range in composition from 45–75 wt.% SiO2. Homogeneous granites that comprise about one-third of each intrusion are virtually identical in texture and elemental and isotopic chemistry. Mafic rocks that are present in both plutons document basaltic input into felsic magma chambers. Isotopic compositions suggest that mafic magmas were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with minor crustal contamination, whereas more felsic rocks are hybrids that are either juvenile basaltic magma+crustal melt mixtures or products of anatexis of ancient crust+young (Mesozoic or Miocene?) mafic intraplate.

Despite general similarities, the two plutons differ markedly in dimensions and lithologic stratigraphy. The Searchlight pluton is much thicker (10 vs. 3 km) and has thick quartz monzonite zones at its roof and floor that are absent in the Aztec Wash pluton. Isotopic and elemental data from Searchlight pluton suggest that the upper and lower zones are cogenetic with the granite; we interpret the finer grained, slightly more felsic upper zone to represent a downward migrating solidification front and the lower zone to be cumulate. In contrast, the upper part of the Aztec Wash pluton is granite, and a heterogeneous, mafic-rich injection zone with distinct isotopic chemistry forms the lower two-thirds of the intrusion. Similar mafic rocks are relatively sparse in Searchlight pluton and do not appear to have played a central role in construction of the pluton. Large felsic and composite dikes that attest to repeated recharging and intrachamber magma transfer are common in the Aztec Wash pluton but absent in the Searchlight pluton. Thus, although both intrusions were filled by similar magmas and both developed internal stratification, the two intrusions evolved very differently. The distinctions may be attributable to scale and resulting longevity and/or to subtle differences in tectonic setting.  相似文献   


18.
马昌前  邹博文  高珂  文霞 《地球科学》2020,45(12):4332-4351
花岗质岩浆在地壳内的储存、迁移和分异,是导致大陆地壳生长演化的基本过程.有关地壳岩浆冷储存的新发现,挑战了数十年来深部存在以熔融体为主要组成的大岩浆房的观点.对活火山区的地球物理探测、岩石矿物学研究以及热历史模拟都一致证明,岩浆储库中的物质以晶粥为主,它们长时间处于固相线下的温度条件,属于冷储存状态.今天出露地表的大型侵入岩体,是古岩浆储库的代表,它们大都是在数百万年甚至更长的时间跨度内,多幕式的岩浆输运、累积侵位和多次添加组装而成的.侵入体的累积组装,可以通过岩石单元间接触关系的观察、岩石和矿物成分的不均一性研究以及侵入体内大的结晶时间跨度来证明.地壳浅部大型侵入体的形成,大体积的火山喷发,都要求存在穿地壳的岩浆通道系统,该系统中岩浆主要以岩墙形式将不同深度的岩浆储库串联起来,并通过无数岩床的堆垛而形成巨大的岩株或岩基等侵入体.高分异花岗岩和高硅流纹岩的存在,尤其是火山的超级喷发现象,要求岩浆储库的晶粥体发生活化和分异,而晶粥的解体往往是由于从下部侵入的新岩浆注入了额外的热和流体.保留在岩石中的晶体种群蕴含了侵入体累积组装、晶粥活化和岩浆分异的线索.尤其是再循环晶可以提供岩浆通道系统结构和演变的新信息.未来,在花岗岩成因研究中,重点要从晶粥活化与岩浆分异演化过程、岩浆上升和组装机制、火山岩与侵入岩的成因联系等方面入手,开展岩浆通道系统的跨学科研究,构建花岗岩岩浆过程研究的新范式,深入认识大陆地壳的生长和演化机理.   相似文献   

19.
SEAMAN  S. J. 《Journal of Petrology》2000,41(5):693-716
The Atascosa Lookout trachyandesite lava flow is the youngestand most compositionally primitive unit in the middle TertiaryAtascosa–Tumacacori–Cerro Colorado volcanic complex(ATCC). The flow hosts a variety of objects of contrasting origin,including (1) clusters of plagioclase ± chromian diopside,magnesian augite, quartz, hornblende, and orthopyroxene; (2)amoeboid-shaped quartz-bearing enclaves; (3) plagioclase crystalswith a concentric interior zone of small melt inclusions (dustyplagioclase); (4) plagioclase crystals with cores filled withlarge melt inclusions (honeycomb plagioclase); (5) plagioclaseglomerocrysts. The groundmass of the trachyandesitic flow istrachydacite. Some crystal clusters, enclaves, and plagioclaseglomerocrysts are surrounded by diffuse envelopes of trachydacitehigher in K and Mg and lower in Si than the trachydacitic groundmassof the flow. This envelope material is interpreted as foreignmagma that engulfed these objects as it invaded their host magma.Both the crystal clusters and plagioclase glomerocrysts maybe the remains of cumulate crystal layers, disrupted by influxesof magma into their reservoirs. Crystals in the lava flow originatedin at least three distinct magmas and their hybrids. The groundmassof the lava flow preserves evidence for repeated infusion ofenvelope magma into the system. These influxes fueled the invasionof crystal clusters, plagioclase glomerocrysts, enclaves, andswirls of the envelope magma into the groundmass of the AtascosaLookout lava flow. Despite the compositional and textural varietyapparent in the lava flow, the magmas involved in its developmentmay have been genetically closely related. The collection offeatures in the lava flow resulted from the development of compositionallayers in the magma, accumulation of crystal-rich horizons,disturbance of the system by repeated magma influx, and minorcrustal assimilation. KEY WORDS: crystal clusters; enclaves; glomerocrysts; trachyandesite  相似文献   

20.
Finely cellular plagioclase intergrowths have been studied in xenocrystic andesine (An32) and andesine mantled K-feldspars within mafic magmatic enclaves in a quartz-feldspar porphyry from the Proterozoic subvolcanic Hammarudda complex, Åland rapakivi batholith, SW Finland. The cellular intergrowths usually occur as 0.2–2.0 mm mantles around xenocrysts but also as entirely cellular grains, and are built up of a network of two distinct phases: one relatively Na-rich (An31) and one relatively Ca-rich (An50). The grains are also covered by a thin (0.08–0.12 mm), continuous, normally zoned rim outside the cellular mantle. Small inclusions (0.01–0.05 mm) of Fe–Mg minerals are concentrated in the Ca-rich part of the network. Compositionally, the Na-rich phase of the network is close to the inner non-cellular andesine of the xenocrysts. However, it has a lower Or- and a slightly lower An-content. The Ca-rich phase has the same composition as the inner part of the normally zoned rim, which outwards grades into lower An-contents that overlap the An-content of the matrix plagioclases. The cellular network was developed after the andesine xenocrysts (or andesine mantled K-feldspars) were engulfed in mafic magmatic enclaves during a mixing event. The xenocrysts became heated to a temperature just below the liquidus of the mafic magma. Dissolution of the xenocrysts developed a spongy cellular texture which was penetrated by enclave magma. Ca-rich plagioclase crystallized in the cells in equilibrium with the enclave magma, trapping Fe–Mg-rich melt. As the enclaves cooled the outermost thin rim and matrix plagioclases crystallized from the mafic melt. These processes operated in fairly large enclaves, as the one studied here, which has a diameter of 70cm. Smaller enclaves, on the other hand, were cooled more rapidly to temperatures close to the solidus of the enclave magma, and consequently had no time to dissolve the xenoxrysts.  相似文献   

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