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1.
青藏高原冻土区活动层厚度分布模拟   总被引:6,自引:10,他引:6  
活动层夏季融化、冬季冻结的近地表土(岩)层,是冻土地区热力动态最活跃的岩层,在冻土研究中有着重要意义.根据青藏高原地区80个气象观测台站1991—2000年的地面温度观测资料结合数字高程模型,计算出青藏高原冻土区的地面冻结指数和地面融化指数,然后应用斯蒂芬公式分别得到多年冻土区的季节融化深度和季节冻土区的季节冻结深度.  相似文献   

2.
吉林省季节冻土冻结深度变化及对气候的响应   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为了掌握季节冻土冻结深度的变化对气候的响应,利用1961-2015年吉林省46个气象站的逐日平均气温、地表温度、积雪深度、冻土冻结深度等数据,采用线性倾向估计、突变分析等方法,研究了吉林省季节冻土冻结深度的时空演变规律及其与气温、积雪的关系。结果表明:吉林省季节冻土最大冻结深度呈由西向东逐渐减小的空间分布特征,绝大多数站最大冻结深度呈减小趋势。基本上在10月开始冻结,次年3月达到最深,6月完全融化。西部冻土冻结深度变幅较大,其次是中部,东部最小。1961-2015年季节冻土最大冻结深度以-5.8 cm·(10a)-1的速率显著减小(P<0.01)。最大冻结深度基本上呈逐年代减小的趋势,从20世纪90年代开始,最大冻结深度明显减小。最大冻结深度在1987年发生了突变,突变后平均最大冻结深度比突变前平均最大冻结深度减小了22.2 cm。通过分析气温和积雪深度对冻结深度的影响,认为冻土冻结深度对气温变化较为敏感,绝大多数站最大冻结深度与平均气温呈负相关关系。在年际变化上,气温的上升是最大冻结深度减小的主要原因。在季节冻土稳定冻结期,积雪深度超过10 cm,保温作用逐渐变强;当积雪深度达到20 cm时,保温作用显著,冻土冻结深度变浅。  相似文献   

3.
祁连山是我国重要的生态安全屏障,其高寒生态环境和水源涵养能力广泛受到近地表冻融过程的复杂影响。为了解土壤水热在冻融期的变化情况,以祁连山中部天涝池流域亚高山草甸为研究对象,分析2014—2019年冻融期大气温度、土壤温度及未冻水体积含水量(USWC)变化特征,通过统计分析法对亚高山草甸土壤冻融期土壤温度对大气温度的响应及土壤水热拟合进行了探讨。研究结果表明:冻融期亚高山草甸土壤呈单向冻结双向融化特征,观测时段内冻结深度在100~140 cm,土壤温度与大气温度的相关性较好,其中0~40 cm深度土壤温度与大气温度显著正相关(P<0.01),120~180 cm土壤温度与大气温度显著负相关(P<0.05);冻融过程中土壤USWC变化趋势呈“U”形,40~60 cm深度土壤层和表层分别在冻结期和融化期出现水分高值区;土壤USWC与负温绝对值之间具有较好的幂函数相关关系(y=axb),其中经验参数a始终为正值,b始终为负值且逐年增大;观测期间(2014—2019年)的土壤冻结时长、冻结速率和冻结深度等都在减小。本研究可为祁连山亚高山草甸土壤冻融作用对径流形成...  相似文献   

4.
随着季节的变化,季节性冻土区活动层在冻融过程中物性参数变化显著。以东北地区季节性冻土为研究对象,采用高斯随机粗糙面来模拟粗糙不平的冻结层和融化层界面,建立了能精细描述活动层非均匀性的随机介质模型,并进行了探地雷达正演模拟。研究结果表明:活动层的冻结深度和融化深度随季节而变化,其介电常数和电导率也随季节而变化;非均匀性的活性层、起伏不平的冻结层和融化层使雷达剖面中的散射波非常发育,随时间变化,融化层起伏越大,雷达剖面中的散射波能量越强,融化层和冻结层界面的反射波识别越难。同时,证明应用探地雷达监测季节性冻土的季节变化、冻结深度和融化深度的时间和空间变化是切实可行的。  相似文献   

5.
青藏高原季节冻土的气候学特征   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
青藏高原季节最大冻土深度变化特征是研究寒区陆面过程的重要方面. 利用青藏高原地区35个地面站1961-1998年最大冻土深度的观测资料及5 cm土壤温度资料, 分析了青藏高原地区土壤季节最大冻结深度时空变化特征. 结果显示: 青藏高原土壤季节最大冻结深度度呈现明显的变化规律, 20世纪60年代至80年代中期土壤季节最大冻结深度相对处于一个增大期, 80年代中期至今土壤季节最大冻结深度在减小. 冻结期间5 cm土壤累积负温距平指标能够较好的描述土壤季节最大冻结深度变化特征, 土壤季节最大冻结深度也是高原地区地面热源强度一个较好的表征参数.  相似文献   

6.
龚强  晁华  朱玲  蔺娜  于秀晶  刘春生  汪宏宇 《冰川冻土》2021,43(6):1782-1793
根据东北地区144个国家气象站1951—2016年的地温和土壤冻结深度资料,采用实测资料统计及统计建模推算的方法,对东北地区地温和冻结深度时空特征进行了细化分析。结果表明:东北地区地温整体由南到北逐渐降低,冻结深度逐渐增大。各层年平均地温呈向北2个纬度降低1 ℃左右,年平均最大冻结深度为向北2~3个纬度加深30 cm左右,极端最大冻结深度为向北2个纬度加深30 cm左右。地温和冻结深度与纬度关系显著,与经度和海拔也有一定相关性,但在东北北部的多年冻土区基本不受后两者影响。不同深度的地温季节特征不同,地表温度季节特征与气温一致,160 cm以下深度四季温度从高到低为秋、夏、冬、春。地表夏季与冬季温差达到33.5 ℃,而320 cm深处最热季与最冷季的温差仅为7 ℃。气候变暖使得东北地区各层地温升高、冻结深度减小、冻结期缩短,尤其在多年冻土区及其临近的高纬度季节冻土区更为显著。相对于下层土壤,地表升温最大。伊春地表升温趋势达到1.16 ℃?(10a)-1,40~320 cm土层升温趋势为0.60 ℃?(10a)-1左右,冻结深度减小、冻结期缩短趋势分别达到 23 cm?(10a)-1、8 d?(10a)-1,大幅升温不利于多年冻土的存在。  相似文献   

7.
青藏公路沿线通信光缆埋设地段冻土工程地质条件及评价   总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1  
王家澄  吴紫汪 《冰川冻土》1997,19(3):240-244
青藏公路沿线季节冻土和多年冻土的总长度为760km,根据气温冻结指数和融化指数可估算最大季节冻结深度和最大季节融化深度。根据含水量划分出5种冻土类型和5个冻胀敏感性等级。提出了光缆埋设若干选线和施工建议。  相似文献   

8.
王红星  季山 《水文》2011,31(6):37-43
将山坡水文学产流机制——超渗地面径流、饱和地面径流、壤中径流和地下径流等成分的产流机制,概括为界面(不透水层)产流机制。介绍季节冻土区近地表地下水若干创新的观测成果,综述其在季节冻土区流域产汇流理论研究领域中的应用,建议水利、农业、气象、林业、地质等部门在季节冻土区近地表地下水观测方面通力合作。可以预期,季节冻土区近地表地下水观测成果在产汇流理论研究以及流域水文模型研制中得到进一步的应用。  相似文献   

9.
祁连山黑河中上游季节冻土年际变化特征分析   总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5  
研究祁连山黑河中上游地区季节冻土的变化特征,对合理预测该区气候变化有重要的指导意义.利用1994—2009年祁连山黑河中上游地区3个气象站常年监测的冻土资料及气象资料,对黑河中上游地区的温度变化、季节冻土最大冻结深度年变化、年平均气温与年冻土最大冻结深度的关系、季节冻土的年冻结与消融规律等内容进行了分析.结果表明:气温...  相似文献   

10.
巴丹吉林沙漠季节冻土特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
宁凯  王乃昂  胡文峰  张洵赫  孙杰  王旭 《冰川冻土》2015,37(5):1209-1216
通过巴丹吉林沙漠腹地连续的地温观测和2014年1月的专题考察,发现巴丹吉林沙漠属于季节冻土区,年冻结时间长达4个月.沙漠内部的局地地形和湖泊分布是影响季节冻土分布差异的重要因素.迎风坡和背风坡冻土冻结深度显著大于丘间地冻结深度,湖泊的存在使湖泊周边地区最大冻结深度显著变浅.通过沙漠及其周边地区地温、气温、地气温差的分析,结合我们在巴丹吉林沙漠外围发现的末次冰期砂楔群,表明我国北方沙漠在末次冰期属于不连续的多年冻土区.  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

17.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

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