共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
E. I. Zhimulev V. M. Sonin A. I. Chepurov A. A. Tomilenko 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(3):243-246
The results of chromatographic study of the formation of rhombododecahedral diamonds synthesized in the Fe-Ni-(Ti)-C system at 5.5–6.0 GPa and 1350–1450°C are presented, including crystals with rounded surfaces of the rhombododecahedron with parallel striation, which are morphological analogues of natural diamonds abundant at various kimberlite, lamproite, and placer deposits. Chromatography was performed at 150°C with mechanical breakup of diamonds. The stable release of methane when diamonds of habit {110} are crushed is established. It is concluded that the appearance of the habit rhombododecahedron may be related not only to the effect of temperature and pressure on crystal growth but also to reductive conditions of crystallization. At the same time, the appearance of significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the system probably results in stopping of the growth of faces {110} and {100} and, instead, formation of specific surfaces that are composed of microscopic accessories faced by planes {111}. 相似文献
2.
Transmission electron microscopy on natural calcium metatitanate perovskite (dysanalyte) reveals the following twin laws in the orthorhombic (space group Pbnm) phase: reflection twins on the {110} and {112} planes, and 90° rotation twins about the [001] axis (referred to as [001]90° twin). Single crystals that were heattreated and quenched from above 1585 K exhibit a dramatic change in domain structure compared with the starting material and specimens quenched from T < 1470=" k.=" mutually=" perpendicular=" {110}=" and=">90° twins are observed throughout the crystal, forming a cross-hatched domain texture. 1/2[001] antiphase domains, which are very rarely observed in the starting material, also become dominant in the crystal. This change in domain structure is interpreted as due to a structural phase transition in perovskite at a temperature below 1585 K. From the point symmetry elements that describe the twin laws and the translational elements that relate the antiphase domains, the most likely phase near 1585 K is tetragonal with space group P4/mbm. These results are consistent with high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction study. On the other hand, density of the {112} twins is increased significantly in the crystal quenched from 1673 K. Twin domains are either bound by mutually perpendicular {110} and (001) walls, or by {112} walls with {110} twin domains within the polygonal {112} domains. Both twin density variation and domain morphology suggest that the crystal may be cubic at this temperature. Microstructure of a single crystal deformed at 1273 K and 3.5 GPa (within the orthorhombic stability field) is morphologically quite distinct from that of the heat-treated specimens. Dislocations dominate the microstructure and often interact with twin domain boundaries.A National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center 相似文献
3.
天然金刚石同生位错的同步辐射X射线貌相研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用同步辐射白光透射貌相术研究了辽南天然金刚石的晶体缺陷。采用作者提出的计算晶体缺陷空间取向的方法计算了金刚石中位错的取向。晶体中所有位错均起源于晶核，并且柏氏矢量都平行于[1^-01]。多数位错并非位于{111}面内。位错所在晶面属于[1^-01]晶带，并且多数与{211}或{110}面近于平行。位错线平直，部分有拐折。所有位错均为混合位错。位错走向与生长面近于垂直，多数与＜111＞夹角较小。所有位错均为同生位错，形成后未发生滑移。晶核在形成期曾受到较大应力作用造成较大的晶格畸变。晶体内部未出现生长带，反映晶体成长过程中环境未发生大的变化。形成晶体的碳质来源不均一，反映了中元古代华北陆台下地壳岩浆成分的不均一性。 相似文献
4.
Cuboctahedral diamond monocrystals of physical classification type IIb weighing from 0.1 to 2 carats and with minor faces {110}, {311}, and {511} have been synthesized. The crystals are characterized by various hues of blue and dark blue depending on the amount of B in the system. A characteristic feature of these diamonds is a sectorial structure expressed in a nonuniform color distribution. The following types of metallic inclusions in the crystals have been recognized: faceted isometric, lamellar, and extended inclusions; unfaceted irregular and drop-shaped inclusions; and microinclusions. These inclusions are related to the chemical composition of the metal solvent. 相似文献
5.
Lotte Melchior Larsen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,76(3):285-291
Sector zoned aegirine crystals occur in the interstices of peralkaline nepheline syenites in Ilímaussaq. The crystals have grass-green [001] sectors enriched in Ca and Fe2+ (as CaFeSi2O6), Mn and Zr; pale green {010} sectors enriched in Al (as NaAlSi2O6); blue-green {110} sectors enriched in Ti (as NaTi0.5Fe
0.5
2+
Si2O6); and light green {100} sectors enriched in Fe3+ (as NaFe3+ Si2O6).The crystals grew in the liquid with a rate that did not exceed the diffusion rate of most elements in the liquid. However. Fe3+ seems to have had diffusion rates lower than the crystal growth rate, and this probably caused the development of some sectors enriched in acmite and others enriched in the hedenbergite component. For Al, Ti and Zr a crystal structural control is envisaged although a recent structure-based model for sector zoning fails to explain the efficient separation of these elements into different sectors.Three more occurrences of sector zoned aegirine are noted, all from peralkaline nepheline syenites. The phenomenon is probably more widespread than hitherto realised.Contribution to the mineralogy of Ilímaussaq no. 62 相似文献
6.
晶体形态是描述矿物最直观的数据。本文对江西漂塘钨矿床中的５个黄玉晶体进行了晶体测量、投影、计算和实际晶体的立体图绘制，并对其形态特征进行了分析和总结。 相似文献
7.
辽宁金刚石中的六方镍黄铁矿及钾盐包裹体 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在产于辽宁的一粒金刚石中新发现了具六方对称外形的镍黄铁矿和钾盐包裹体。金刚石呈八体，无裂缝，表面有熔蚀纹。镍黄铁矿具完好的晶表，发育平行双面{0001}及六方双锥{h0hl}，根据电子探地的成分分析结果，计算的矿物化学式为（Ni，Fe，Co）8．62－9．01S8；拉曼光谱分析表明，其拉曼位移有别于一般的镍黄矿（立方对称）。钾盐（KCl）包裹体呈不规则状，可见似片状晶体，集合体成叠层状；除钾盐外，可能不存在CaCl2等包裹体。金刚石中这包裹体的发现，指示了地幔中局部存在富钾、富氯和高铁镍硫的液相（或熔体）。 相似文献
8.
锆石柱面中Hf、Y的配位差异性及其对晶型的控制效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然锆石的形态并不简单地依照PBC理论发育,它同时受到生长温度 、熔体扩散系数等物理参数的影响,以及置换Zr的杂质离子的种类和浓度等化学因素的制约 ,即杂质离子选择性地置换Zr而降低晶面的生长速度。通过对{100}和{110}柱面的半定量分 析发现,Hf4+、Y3+离子同O2-离子的成键数目在{100}与{110}生长层 上是不同的,且Hf-O的键强比Zr-O的大,而Y-O的键强比Zr-O的小。如果假定晶体与岩浆熔体并未达到真正的平衡,而是各晶面与岩浆熔体分别达到平衡,按热力学中浓度与能量变化的指数律去处理Hf和Y在{100}与{110}晶面上的配分可以得到,{100}晶面上趋于富Hf贫 Y,{110}晶面上趋于富Y贫Hf,从而导致富Hf的锆石上{100}优先发育,富Y的锆石上{110}优 先发育。 相似文献
9.
The characteristic lamellar-twinning of the right-handed (R) and left-handed (L) structures in the major rhombohedral growth sectors of amethyst quartz has been studied by optical techniques, X-ray topography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM observations show that the region of each Brewster fringe consists of fine-scale Brazil twin lamellae parallel to one of the r, z{10 \(\overline {\text{1}} \) 1} planes, and structural considerations suggest that it is one of the r-planes. The twin boundary corresponding to a Brewster fringe has the form of a zig-zag structure consisting of Brazil twin boundaries on two r{10 \(\overline {\text{1}} \) 1} planes, with one predominating. The Brewster fringes appear black between crossed polarizers because light travelling along the optic axis [001] passes through almost equal distances of R and L quartz, giving essentially zero optical rotation. From the visibility of the Brazil twin boundaries in electron micrographs and the visibility of the Brewster fringes in X-ray topographs, the fault vector R and the corresponding composition plane of the major Brazil twin associated with each Brewster fringe has been determined. The streaking of the Brewster fringes observed optically and in the X-ray topographs appears to be due to the stair-rod dislocations at the intersections of the Brazil twin boundaries. Experiments in which synthetic quartz was grown hydrothermally on untwinned seeds and on twinned amethyst seeds showed that the initiation of Brazil twins and the development of Brewster fringes was dependent upon the presence of iron in the growth solution. 相似文献
10.
11.
G. Yu. Kriulina V. K. Garanin E. A. Vasilyev V. O. Kyazimov O. P. Matveeva P. V. Ivannikov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2012,67(5):282-288
The data on the study of diamonds of cubic habitus from the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province are presented. It is shown that the cubic crystals of diamonds that are visually similar in external morphology and color are different in their internal structures, defect-impurity compositions, and genesis. 相似文献
12.
Transformation Trillings in Cordierite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cordierite sector trillings, which are found well developedin some A1-rich volcanic rocks and pelitic buchites, are thoughtto have formed initially as hexagonal high cordierite crystals.Subsequent ordering of the (Al, Si) configuration in the crystalstructure would have produced the present orthorhombic modificationand simultaneously the sector trilling, preserving in the processthe hexagonal habit of form. The predominance of the regularsixfold sector pattern in the composition plane configurationof the resulting trilling is best explained by assuming thatits formation is kinetically more advantageous than that ofother configurations because it mimics the hexagonal trend setby the initial crystal. The three orthorhombic orientations in the cordierite trillingshave parallel c-axes and each can be transformed into eitherof the other two by operation of a threefold axis (rotationthrough 120°) parallel to the common c-axis and coincidentwith the main axis of the original hexagonal form. The compositionplanes in the sector trilling pattern are shown to be essentiallyirregular in the present orthorhombic form; they do not belongto {110} or {130}. The traditional explanation that the trillings are multipletwins with repeated twin and composition planes of {110} or{130} is rejected since elementary geometrical considerationsshow that this model is only feasible if (110) (110) of orthorhombiccordierite equals 120°. X-ray work shows conclusively thatthis is not the case. In fact (110) (110) = 120° woulddefine a hexagonal symmetry. 相似文献
13.
Françoise Boudier 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,109(1):114-123
Experimental partial melting of plagioclase lherzolite at 0.7 MPa confining pressure has produced euhedral olivine crystals by corrosion and overgrowth during cooling. The particular conditions of this experiment allow observation of both processes recorded in the crystal shape: corrosion boundaries are rounded, or straight when parallel to [001] intersection of {110} planes; (010) and {110} facets are developed by fast overgrowth during quenching. These observations support the contention that phenocrysts in basaltic or picritic magmas are, in part, xenocrysts. The possible mantle origin of olivine crystals in two natural occurrences of ultramafic magmas; the picritic pillow lavas of the Troodos, and a wehrlitic intrusion of the oman ophiolite, is investigated. In both cases discriminant characteristics are deduced from detailed microstructural study. The mantle origin of olivine megacrysts in the investigated picrites raises the question about the existence of picritic magmas in the mantle. 相似文献
14.
本文在系统总结归纳不同研究者对锆石形态标型特征的研究成果基础上，重点从晶体生长、晶体化学和地球化学理论为重点探讨了锆石形态标型特征的生长机制。研究表明：锆石晶体结构中不同的面网方向，其平面内的原子组成、比例、化学键联结和键力以及面网间距和密度都是有差别的，由此决定了锆石晶体在不同的结晶介质条件下，不同面网的生长速度发生改变，生成相应的晶形。例如，尽管碱性元素并不进入锆石晶格，但它们可以影响Ｚｒ、Ｓｉ、Ｏ离子的扩散速度，但是富钾和富钠的介质对锆石晶形发育的影响是有差别的，表现为：在富钾的介质中，将导致柱面的法向生长速度较锥面快得多，而锥面中，｛１１１｝的法向生长又较｛３１１｝快，由此决定了形成以｛３１１｝锥为主的双锥状晶体；在富钠的介质中，柱面和锥面都有一定程度的发育，但前者弱于后者，而柱面中，｛１００｝的法向生长较｛１１０｝慢，由此决定了形成以｛１００｝柱和｛１１１｝锥为主的短柱锥状晶体。根据类似方法，论证了其它形态标型特征的客观性，从而揭示了标型之间的内在联系和本质，展示了花岗岩研究中锆石形态标型特征应用推广的前景，也可为单颗粒锆石定年研究提供更多的分析应用价值 相似文献
15.
Notable within-crystal variability of mineralogical and geochemical properties of single natural diamonds are commonly attributed to changing chemistry of parental fluids, sources of carbon and redox conditions of diamond precipitation. A distinct type of compositional heterogeneity (mixed-habit structure) is well-known to occur in diamonds as well as in many other minerals due to purely “structural” reasons that are unequal crystal chemistry of crystallographically different faces and selective absorption and fractionation of impurities between adjacent growth pyramids. Based on the combined cathodoluminescence, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, study of nine diamond crystals with different growth histories and external morphology, but all showing mixed-habit patterns at different growth stages, we show that mixed-diamonds may grow in closed system conditions or with a slowly decreasing growth rate from a media with a much lower impurity content than previously thought. Intracrystal nitrogen distribution seems to be a function of growth rate even in the cases of unusual impurity partitioning between growth sectors. Generally poor with IR-active hydrogen at moderate nitrogen aggregation parameters, studied diamonds likely resemble the low hydrogen content from the growth medium that, for cubic diamonds, was typically suggested hydrogen-rich and a crucial factor for growth of cubic and mixed-habit diamonds. We also show that mixed-habit diamond growth may occur not only in peridotitic suite but also in an extended field of geochemical affinities from high-Ni to low-Ni or maybe even Ni-free environments, such as pyroxenitic or eclogitic. 相似文献
16.
Frequency distributions of true interfacial angles in high-grade,regional metamorphic rocks from Broken Hill indicate that interfacialtension varies with relative crystallographic orientation incommon minerals. In some single-phase aggregates (e.g. quartz,feldspar, garnet, and calcite) the grains are equant and polygonal,anisotropy of interfacial tension having only a small effecton the appearance of such aggregates. This is also true of two-phaseaggregates of these phases, but their appearance is complicatedby the presence of inclusions, the relative proportions of ihephases, and the characteristic dihedral angle formed by a grainof one phase in contact with two grains of the other. In phases for which interfacial tension is more orientation-dependent,crystal forms exert some control on the appearance of the microstructure.For example, in hornblende and pyroxene aggregates, some interfacesare parallel to planes of the form {110}, although most areirrational. In still more anisotropic phases, low-energy forms(e.g. {001} of biotite and {110} of sillimanite) are very stable,giving rise to a predominance of planar, rational boundariesover curved, adjustment boundaries. Anisotropy of interfacial tension is expressed in the shapesof inclusions. However, even where strongly anisotropic mineralsare involved, inclusions with partly planar boundaries occuralongside inclusions with completely curved boundaries. 相似文献
17.
为研究山东蒙阴金伯利岩型金刚石晶体中氮片晶的分布特征,采用红外光谱仪对116粒宝石级金刚石晶体样品中的氮片晶进行分析,并采用微分干涉显微镜观察氮片晶在金刚石表面所具有的物理化学性质及其表面微细结构。结果表明,80.2%的金刚石样品中具有氮片晶;在个别浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品{111}面上观察到平行于[100]晶带方向的长条状蚀像,这些蚀像相互平行,大小不等。显微红外光谱对具长条状蚀像的金刚石样品{111}面的测试结果表明,该类晶体均具有较强的氮片晶的吸收峰（1359~1375cm-1）。综合浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品的红外光谱及其表面微形貌特征,推测长条状蚀像是由氮片晶的出露点受优先选择性腐蚀而致。 相似文献
18.
G. M. Pennock M. Coleman M. R. Drury V. Randle 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(1):53-67
Many physical properties of rocks are sensitive to grain size and hence to the structure of grain boundaries. Depending on
their properties, such as deformation and transport behaviour, boundaries may be divided into two broad types, namely special
and general grain boundaries. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) is used to investigate the misorientation distributions
of grain boundaries and, more recently, to determine the population of grain boundary planes. Studies on metals and ceramics
suggest that the grain boundary plane, rather than the misorientation, is the key parameter when defining special and general
grain boundaries. In this study, the distribution of grain boundary plane orientations has been successfully determined using
EBSD for a slightly deformed, synthetic NaCl material containing 22 ppm water. Boundaries showed a preference for {100} planes,
which occurred with twice the frequency of a random distribution. The grain boundary plane distributions found in NaCl were
largely in agreement with studies on MgO. Grain boundaries, with a coincident site lattice (CSL) misorientation, also showed
a preference for {100} planes, rather than the planes of high coincident density associated with the CSL. Three main types
of boundary were identified, namely {100} twist boundaries, boundaries with {100}{hkl} planes and general {hkl}{hkl} boundaries.
As the properties of these three types of boundary differ, then the transport and creep properties in wet NaCl will depend
on the fraction of the different boundary types found in the grain boundary population. 相似文献
19.
On the kinematics of zircon growth and its petrogenetic significance: a cathodoluminescence study 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
Gerhard Vavra 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,106(1):90-99
The relative growth rates of zircon crystal faces are recorded by growth zoning, which is recognizable in cathodoluminescence photographs of oriented crystal sections. The kinematics of zircon growth is graphically presented by the slopes of Grabahnen between crystal sectors. The relative velocities of advance of crystal faces correlate to the pattern of growth zoning. Widely spaced zoning, interrupted by surfaces of dissolution, on the one hand, and narrowly spaced uninterrupted oscillatory zoning, on the other hand, are interpreted as markers of low and high zircon-supersaturation of the melt, respectively. The following model is deduced from this correlation. The prism {110} is that crystal form, the growth rate of which reacts most sensitively to the zircon-supersaturation of the melt. The growthrate of the steep pyramid {211} is not primarily controlled by zircon-supersaturation. Instead, the growth of {211} is delayed by the adsorption of foreign atoms on its faces. The kinematics of zircon growth in anatectic, plutonic and meta-rhyolitic host rocks in the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps) is explained by this model. Results show that the kinematics of zircon growth carry a much greater petrogenetic significance than has been previously suggested for the final shape of crystals alone. 相似文献
20.
Gerhard Vavra 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1994,117(4):331-344
The internal morphologies of zircon crystals from different types of granitoids (alkaline, calcalkaline and anatectic) are revealed by cathodoluminescence imaging and are described in terms of growth rates of the crystal faces relative to each other. Zircons in the alkaline granitoids are characterized by high and constant growth rates of {010} relative to the pyramidal forms and by symmetric grwoth of {011}. Zircons in the calcalkaline and anatectic granitoids are characterized by fluctuating or gradually decreasing relative growth rates of {010}, by asymmetric and highly variable growth of {011}, and by a tendency of {110} to become grwoth-inhibited. Corrosion events are interspersed during zircon growth in the calcalkaline magmas. In the calcalkaline and anatectic magmas, a discontinuity breaks the morphological evolution at late stages of crystallization. The discontinuity coincides with a sharp drop in cathodoluminescence. The growth behaviour of each crystal form is analysed and compared with predictions made by the periodic bond chain (PBC) theory. It is argued that the relative growth rate of {010} depends on supersaturation, that the growth rates of {011} faces are changed in response to different ratios of adsorbing cations (Na, K, Al), and that {110} faces become growth-inhibited by the adsorption of H2O or trace elements enriched in the residual liquid. Morphological and chemical discontinuities at late stages of crystallization are reasonably explained by the formation of larger growth units (from smaller ionic entities) in the residual liquid. Important factors controlling the zircon morphology in different types of granitoids are: high cooling rates (alkaline magmas), magma mixing (calcalkaline magmas), enrichment of H2O and trace elements in residual liquids (calcalkaline and anatectic magmas), and the major element chemistry of the magma, possibly the ratio of Na and K to Al (agpaicity). 相似文献