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陕西省定边县平原地区潜水含氟量分布规律及影响因素的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
定边县平原地区高氟潜水有蒸发浓缩及淋溶积聚两个不同富集类型区。潜水中氟的富集受气候、岩土、地貌、迳流、潜水埋深和井水水深及水化学类型的影响，在水平、垂直方向上的变化有一定规律性。在潜水顶部带特别富集是普遍的。 相似文献
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本文从饮用水中氟离子超标对人体健康所造成的各种危害出发,详细地阐述了氟离子在岩土中的存在形态和含量、向地下水运移的机理、自然污染和人为污染产生的条件及过程、以及国内氟病区分布状况和防氟改水措施。文中还根据数实验据分析了各种条件因素对氟离子入渗强度的影响:即岩土对氟离子的吸附率随沉积物颗粒变细、PH 值降低、钠盐含量减小、钙盐浓度升高、氟浓度的下降而增强. 相似文献
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为了研究陕西大荔县地方性氟中毒病与地质环境的关系,笔者对该地区进行了详细的氟中毒病人群统计,并采集了地下水、土壤、农作物和蔬菜样品进行氟含量的测定。发现土壤水溶氟占岩土全氟比率随pH值升高而增大;单位质量蔬菜如菠菜、油麦菜氟含量高于小麦、玉米等;地下水氟在水动力弱、矿化度高的地区相对富集,水氟含量主要来源于岩土中;地氟病严重区位于低洼地边缘及陡坡向缓坡转换的部位;氟中毒病高患病率与大气、农作物和蔬菜氟含量不具相关性,而与地下水氟含量表现出明显的相关性。根据以上特征,笔者建议在大荔县防治地方性氟中毒病,除种植低氟含量的农作物或经济作物外,应加强低氟含量的地下水的开采与饮用,并对开采的地下水进行物化降氟处理,以降低人群中地方性氟中毒的患病率。 相似文献
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为查明高密市高氟地下水的地球化学及水文地球化学背景,了解地下水中氟的来源、运移及富集规律,对采集到的382件岩土样品,300件地下水样品进行了主要组分的分析测试;将F-与岩土类别,地下水pH值,Na+、Ca2+等阳离子以及Cl-、SO2-4等阴离子进行相关性分析;对F-在高密市的水平分布特征和垂向分布特征进行了细致研究。结果表明:该区地下水中主要供氟源为南部丘陵基岩区的砂岩、砾岩、泥岩及火山岩、火山碎屑岩;土壤氟含量水平分布由南向北递增,垂向分布为上高下低;高氟水中F-含量与Na+呈正相关、与Ca2+呈负相关,与Mg2+无明显相关性,与阴离子含量无明显相关性,与矿化度无明显相关性,与pH值呈微弱正相关。通过开展高氟区地球化学和水文地球化学背景研究,对地氟病高发区高氟地下水的形成、运移与富集研究起到一定的参考作用。 相似文献
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阜阳高氟地下水形成的地质环境浅析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
阜阳市松散岩土含水系统广泛赋存着高氟地下水,氟含量一般在１．０～３．８０ｍｇ／ｌ最高可达６．９０ｍｇ／ｌ,本文通过对高氟地下水赋存的地质环境及地球化学特征等综合分析,认为本区高氟水的形成与其赋存的地球化学环境及水动力条件密切相关。 相似文献
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简要介绍了目前岩土工程监理现状，监理对象和依据，详细论述了岩土工程监理的基本概念，基本特点，广泛的业务范围及监理的基本原则，体现了对岩土工程勘察，设计，施工，监测各环节全过程的投资，进度，质量进行全方位监控的思想，对岩土工程监理工作模式的建立及提高岩土工程综合效益有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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沙沟排洪渡槽是南水北调中线一期工程总干渠大型建筑物之一，场区地质条件复杂，本文阐明了场区岩土类型及岩土分布规律，分析了场区存在的工程地质问题，并提出了相应处理措施。 相似文献
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本文系统地介绍了番禺市岩土工程现状，对岩土体和构造的分布特征及基础的选型进行全面的总结和分析，首次对岩土工程小区进行恰当的划分，并针对今后岩土工程工作提出切合实际的展望。 相似文献
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通过该区太古界一新生界氟的地层地球化学剖面及岩浆岩和土壤中氟的丰度的研究,论证了该区为一高氟的地球化学区。根据重矿物对比研究和地貌分析,阐明了泰沂隆起区太古界和元古界的高氟古老岩系为该区土壤沉积物源,黄河多次泛滥堆积（粘土矿物对氟的吸附）对土壤氟起了叠加富集的作用。研究揭示该区土壤水溶氟较高,经降水淋滤和浸取作用氟转入地下水,并在凹陷区或河间洼地中聚集,水体停泄、蒸发浓缩形成高氟地下水区。 相似文献
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高氟地下水的水文地球化学环境及氟的赋存形式与地氟病患病率的关系──以华北平原为例 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
在华北平原，地方性氟中毒疾病（简称地氟病）主要由于饮水中含氟量高（超过１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）而引起，属饮水型病区。本文分析了地氟病致病的主要环境因素，讨论了形成高氟地下水的水文地球化学环境，并以河北邢台地区山前平原浅层地下水系统为例，应用地下水地球化学模拟的理论和方法，对研究区浅层地下水系统氟的水文地球化学进行定量研究，从统计学的角度研究了浅层高氟地下水中氟的组分存在形式与地氟病患病率的相关关系。 相似文献
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Precipitation and groundwater are essential to water circulation and they mutually influence. Groundwater is the main water supply source in Hebei Plain. On the other hand, atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge is the main supply source of the groundwater in this area. Therefore, the studies on Hebei Plain climatic change features are of great significance to further analyze the influences of climatic changes on groundwater resources. This paper selected 10 ground climatological stations in Hebei Plain in terms of daily precipitation and temperature data from 1961 to 2010 and analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution features of temperature and precipitation. The results showed that the minimum temperature of Hebei Plain in recent 50 years increased significantly; the maximum temperature basically is stable; and the mean temperature presents an obviously increasing trend. In the spatial distribution, it gradually decreases from southwest to northeast on the whole and gradually tends to increase from the coastal to inland. The precipitation in recent 50 years owns obvious interannual change features and spatial distribution features, with a trend of overall periodic decrease and significant decrease of extreme precipitation. The annual mean precipitation intensity and annual mean extreme precipitation intensity gradually increased from piedmont plain to coastal plain. Hebei Plain has a warming and drying development trend on the whole. In space, piedmont plain belongs to the high-temperature and few-water area; coastal plain lies in low-temperature and much-water area; and central plain is in transitional zone. The climatic change and human activities are two influential factors of groundwater resources. Further revealing of the climatic change features of different geomorphic types and measuring and distinguishing of the influences of climatic change and human activities on groundwater remain to be further explored. 相似文献
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Drought is the uppermost natural disaster in the Hebei Plain, which during the past 20 years showed a trend of frequency increasing, range extension, longer duration and severer damage. In the Hebei Plain, as a major grain producing area, the agricultural drought emergency relief can only rely on groundwater exploitation. Thus the work to conduct evaluation of groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief of Hebei Plain is of great significance for disaster prevention and relief. In this paper, with the method of analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation index system with reference to 3 aspects and 7 indexes (the former including groundwater resources, groundwater exploitation technical conditions and water supply facilities) and the ArcGIS Desktop ArcMAP software, the work to assess the shallow groundwater supply capacity for agricultural drought emergency relief in the Hebei Plain was carried out. 相似文献
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河北平原第四系地下水氦同位素特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对河北平原第四系地下水He同位素进行比较分析,根据过剩He(4Heexc)、3He/4He比值、δ3He值分析认为,河北平原第四系地下水He同位素有5个特征:(1)地下水中过剩He浓度沿着地下水的流向而增高;(2)地下水中的过剩He浓度随着地下水埋深加大而增高;(3)满城—沧州剖面上过剩He浓度大于石家庄—衡水剖面上的过剩He浓度;(4)河北平原第四系地下水主要是由大气降水补给的;(5)衡水热水过剩He浓度很高(>674 83×10-8cm3STPg-1),这表明以放射成因He为主,地幔成因的He极少。另外地下水的3He/4He比值、R/Ra、δ3He值是判断氦源的一个灵敏的指示剂。 相似文献
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选取皖北典型区深层地下水的氟作为研究对象,在资料收集、水文地质调查、采样测试的基础上,获取了81个深层地下水及71个浅层地下水样品的测试数据。综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、离子比例系数和Piper图示法,分析深层水氟的分布特征、来源及形成影响因素,结果表明:皖北典型区的深层地下水氟含量具有四周低、中部高的特点;高氟水多呈弱碱性,依据水化学类型特征可将该研究区划分为三个系统:亳州系统、阜阳系统和蒙城系统。亳州系统多为Cl—Na型水,阜阳系统多为HCO3—Na型水,蒙城系统较复杂,包括Cl—Na型、HCO3·SO4·Cl—Na型、HCO3—Ca·Mg型及HCO3—Na·Mg·Ca型水;深层地下水中氟的主要来源是含氟矿物的溶解;弱碱性水、溶解/沉淀作用和阳离子交替吸附作用是影响皖北典型区深层地下水氟形成的主要影响因素。 相似文献
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内蒙古河套平原浅层高铁高氟地下水分布与成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了查明内蒙古河套平原高铁高氟地下水的分布与形成原因,通过实地调查、监测、资料分析和试验测试等方法手段,详细研究了地下水中铁、氟的分布、地球化学特征及其来源。结果表明:高铁水主要分布在平原中部的冲湖积平原,地势低洼和地下水的排泄地带含量最高;高氟水主要以条带状分布在山前的冲洪积扇地带;在调查研究区12510.83 km2的范围内,深度在10~40 m的浅层地下水中,分布有高铁水9310.66 km2,高氟水2308.35 km2,分别占调查研究区总面积的74.40%和18.45%;研究认为,河套平原高铁高氟地下水的形成主要是由自然地质环境所致,是不同地质环境条件下环境水文地球化学作用的结果;地下水中的铁主要来源于由黄河携带来的大量的第四系沉积物,而溶出的主要原因是地下氧化还原条件的变化;地下水中的氟主要来源于平原周边的山区,气候、地质构造、水文地质和水化学条件是氟富集的主要因素;研究表明河套平原高铁水与高氟水不存在正相关关系。 相似文献
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Primary study on evaluation index system for groundwater exploitation potentiality based on the niche theories 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development. 相似文献
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This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development. 相似文献