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1.
Several researchers have suggested that upward and lateral hydrothermal fluid flow was responsible for dolomitization of various Devonian and Mississippian reservoirs in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) based on sedimentological, geochemical and diagenetic evidence. In this study, a numerical model was applied to investigate hydrothermal fluid flow in the Wabamun Group, Parkland field, northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Our numerical results indicate that faults play the most critical role in controlling hydrothermal fluid flow. They provide a pathway connecting the basement of the basin and overlying sedimentary layers. Upwelling fluid flow via faults may bring reactants and heat from underlying strata to shallow formations for diagenetic reactions (e.g. dolomitization and/or chertification) or forming ore deposits. Salinity distribution of formation water, permeability configuration of host rock and regional fluid flow are also important factors affecting hot and brine fluid flow and accompanying heat and mass distribution. 相似文献
2.
Bottom-hole temperature values from approximately 36,000 wells in Alberta. Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada, have been used to study thermal gradients and heat flow density there. It is found that variations of heat flow density with depth occur throughout the Prairies basin. Differences in heat flow density exist between the Mesozoic + Cenozoic and Paleozoic sediments and are related to the hydrodynamics which is controlled by the topography. The heat flow density through the Mesozoic + Cenozoic of the upper part of the section is less than that in the Paleozoic formations of the lower part of the section in recharge areas, but greater in discharge areas. A zone in which heat flow is approximately constant with depth extends down the central part of the basin between the recharge and discharge areas. Heat flowdensity in this zone lies between 60 mW m?2 and 80 mW m?2 and is thought to be representative of the deep crustal heat flow density. It is suggested that temperature variations on the Precambrian basement that are not depth related may be associated with anomalous heat flow regimes in the lower crust. 相似文献
3.
S. Bachu 《Tectonophysics》1985,120(3-4):257-284
A detailed study of the groundwater and terrestrial heat flow was carried out over an area of 23,700 km2 west of Cold Lake, Alberta, which is part of the western Canada sedimentary basin. The information for the study was provided from data from 3100 wells drilled in the area. The screening and processing of thousands of stratigraphic picks, drillstem test data, bottom hole temperatures and formation water chemistry data was performed mainly using a specially designed software package. As a result, every stratigraphic unit is characterized by appropriate hydraulic and thermal parameters.
A sequence of aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes was differentiated. The groundwater flow in the Paleozoic aquifers is regional in nature and mainly horizontal. The flow in the Cretaceous aquifers is of intermediate type, mainly downward oriented. In general, the permeability of the Cretaceous and Paleozoic strata has such low values that the fluid velocity is less than 1 cm/yr.
The convective heat transport in the hydrostratigraphic sequence is negligible with respect to the conductive heat transfer, as shown by the Peclet number of the fluid and heat flow in porous media. The flow of the terrestrial heat flux from the Precambrian basement of the sedimentary basin to the atmosphere is controlled by the variability in the thermal properties of the formations in the basin.
The geothermal gradients were computed by hydrostratigraphic unit using a linear regression fit to the temperature data. As expected, they show higher values for the less conductive layers, and lower values for the more conductive ones. The weighted average, or the integral geothermal gradient of the whole sedimentary column, was computed by considering the difference between the temperature measured at the Precambrian basement and the annual average temperature at the surface. The areal distribution of the integral geothermal gradient (with an average of 22.0 mK/m) shows a strong correlation with the lithology.
The areal temperature distribution for each hydrostratigraphic unit was analyzed by mapping the deviation of the measured value from the computed geothermal gradient. The lateral heat flow from warmer to colder areas is one order of magnitude smaller than the vertical heat flow. In the more homogeneous units, the lateral heat flow presents a trend that seems to reflect the geometry and lithology. 相似文献
4.
Detailed studies of terrestrial heat flow in southern and central Alberta estimated on the basis of an order of magnitude larger data base than ever used before (33653 bottom-hole temperature data from 18711 wells) and thermal conductivity values based on detailed rock studies and measured rock conductivities show significant regional and local variations and variations with depth. Heat flow values were estimated for each 3 × 3 township/range area (28.8 × 28.8 km). A difference in heat flow exists between Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata. Generally lower heat flow values are observed in the strata above the Paleozoic erosional surface (20–75 mW m−2). Much higher values are estimated for the Younger Paleozoic formations, with large local and regional variations between 40 and 100 mW m−2.Average heat flow values based on heat flow determinations below and above the Paleozoic surface that agree within 20% show an increase from values less than 40 mW m−2 in southern and southwestern Alberta to values as high as 70 mW m−2 in central Alberta. The predominance of regional downward groundwater flows in Mesozoic strata seem to be responsible for the generally observed heat flow increase with depth.The results show that the basin heat flow pattern is influenced by water movement and even careful detailed heat flow measurements will not give correct values of background steady-state heat flow within the sedimentary strata. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(3):641-652
Data from sixteen deep walls drilled for oil exploration purposes in the Anambra Basin of southeastern Nigeria indicate large variations in temperature gradients and heat flow within the basin. Geothermal gradients vary between 25 and 49 ± 1°C km−1, while heat flow estimates are in the range 48 to 76 ± 3 mW m−2. The highest geothermal gradients and heat flow values were computed for the wells located in the southwestern part of the basin north of Onitsha and Asaba. This part of the basin coincides with zones of thick, low conductivity sediments, low ground surface elevation, and hydraulic discharge zones. The general direction of increase in geothermal gradient, originally projected as south to north by earlier workers dealing with the Niger Delta data and the very limited well data from the Anambra Basin, is inconsistent with the results of the present study.The distribution of subsurface temperatures, geothermal gradients and heat flow is found to be directly related to the basin hydrodynamics - higher geothermal gradients and heat flow in areas of low hydraulic head distribution. Hydrocarbon metamorphism and migration appear to have been greatly influenced by the movements of circulating meteoric waters. A higher level of organic maturity of sediments should be expected in the southwestern zone, where the thermal anomaly exists. However, owing to hydrodynamic activities, tertiary migration would have taken place leaving many traces of residual hydrocarbons. The several cases of fluorescence noticed in wells in the southwestern zone of the Anambra Basin are taken as evidence that this process may indeed have taken place in the geological past of the basin. 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵、东胜地区地温场对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵、东胜铀矿区分别处于盆地南部渭北隆起的北侧边缘和盆地北部伊盟隆起的东部,赋矿层位都是中侏罗统直罗组。盆地南、北铀矿区在现今地温场及古地温场都存在明显差异,南部现今大地热值及热演化程度明显高于北部。对于下侏罗统延安组和石炭—二叠系煤层,黄陵地区镜质体反射率都高于东胜地区。通过镜质体反射率资料得出同一埋深的一套地层经历的最大古地温和对应的古地温梯度也有南部高于北部的现象。由于早白垩世后期盆地普遍整体抬升使得现今地温相对古地温降低,南部黄陵地区抬升剥蚀量大于北部东胜地区,导致古、今地温差异也大于后者。盆地南部庆阳—富县一带局部构造热运动,导致南部异常地温场的形成,使得南部热演化程度高于北部。 相似文献
7.
含油气盆地的地温场在油气的生成、运聚及盆地演化过程中起着十分重要的作用。柴达木盆地是中国西部重要的含油气盆地,位于喜马拉雅构造域的东北部,盆地现今地温场特征研究不仅为柴达木盆地及周缘陆内或板内大陆动力学及盆地动力学研究提供了科学依据,同时也是油气成烃、成藏及资源评价等工作的研究基础。柴达木盆地现今地温场研究的前期工作主要集中在盆地西部,盆地的北缘、东部开展的工作很少,所用研究数据多取自20世纪之前,盆地现今地温场特征的系统研究尚比较缺乏,亟须开展相关研究工作。文中采用先进的钻孔温度连续采集系统,实现了深井稳态测温工作的大规模化、高精度化,使用光学扫描法测试岩石热导率,获得了批量的、高精度的岩石热导率数据,新增了17口钻井的测温剖面。研究表明：柴达木盆地现今地温梯度平均为(28.6±4.6) ℃/km,地温梯度分布具有西部高,中、东部低的特点。柴达木盆地现今大地热流值平均(55.1±7.9) mW/m2,盆地不同构造单元大地热流分布存在差异。大地热流分布特征表明：柴达木盆地总体属于温盆,热流值低于我国大陆地区大地热流平均值,但高于西部的塔里木、准噶尔盆地。柴达木盆地现今地温场分布特征受地壳深部结构、岩石热导率性质及盆地构造等因素的控制。 相似文献
8.
海拉尔盆地地温分布及控制因素研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
根据大量钻孔测温资料和实测热导率资料分析了海拉尔盆地地温分布状况,现今地温梯度变化在2.50℃/100m至4.0℃/100m之间,平均为3.0℃/100m,现今大地热值为42.15~63.86 mWm-2,平均约为55.00mWm-2,明显较松辽盆地低,表明海拉尔盆地是一个中温盆地。海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组底面和南屯组底面地温分布具有南高北低的特点。现今地温对油气生成有重要的控制作用,南部凹陷南屯组热演化程度高,普遍处于成熟生油阶段,南屯组是海拉尔盆地的主力生油层位,南部凹陷是海拉尔盆地主要找油区。海拉尔盆地与松辽盆地壳幔结构存在显著的差异。海拉尔盆地现今地温场主要受地壳厚度、基底结构、基底埋深及盆地构造等因素的控制。 相似文献
9.
地热资源是一种宝贵的清洁矿产资源,属于新能源家族中重要成员之一。地热资源的形成严格受地质构造控制。随着我国能源勘探工作重点西移,在鄂尔多斯盆地特别是在其周缘断陷盆地中发现了储量丰富的中-低温地热资源,但是,对其形成机理与属性研究却明显不足,在一定程度上制约了该地区地热资源的广泛利用。本文在总结研究鄂尔多斯及其周缘断陷盆地地质构造特征的基础上,系统全面地总结了地质构造和地热研究成果,定性分析了大地热流、地温梯度和地温场分布与地质构造的关系。研究认为,鄂尔多斯块体是一个相对完整、断裂不发育的构造单元,块体内大地热流、地温梯度整体偏低。然而鄂尔多斯块体周缘构造边界带则呈现出环状高值异常,带内热流值、地温梯度都比块体内部高。说明鄂尔多斯周缘地质构造控制着地热资源的形成。 相似文献
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Analysis of a 1.15 km deep apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology profile at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL), in the southwestern Canadian Shield suggests two Phanerozoic heating and cooling episodes indicating significant, previously unsuspected, Phanerozoic heat flow variations. Phanerozoic temperature and heat flow variations are temporally associated with burial and erosion of the Precambrian crystalline shield and its overlying Phanerozoic successions, which are now eroded completely. Maximum Phanerozoic temperatures occurred in the late Paleozoic when the geothermal gradient is estimated to have been ~ 40-50 °C/km (compared to a present day gradient of ~ 14 ± 2 °C/km) and the sedimentary cover was ~ 800-1100 m thick. Our thermal history models, confirm regional stratigraphic relationships that suggest that the Paleozoic succession was completely eroded prior to beginning of Mesozoic sedimentation. A second heating phase occurred during Late Cretaceous-Paleogene burial when the geothermal gradient is estimated to have been ~ 20-25 °C/km and the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession was ~ 1200 to 1400 m thick. The Phanerozoic thermal history at the URL site shows a pattern similar to that inferred previously for the epicratonic Williston Basin, the centre of which lies several 100 km to the west. This implies a common regional thermal history for cratonic rocks underlying both the basin and the currently exposed shield. It is suggested that the morphotectonic differences between the Williston Basin and the exposed shield at the URL are due to a dissimilar thermomechanical response to a common, but more complicated than previously inferred, Phanerozoic geodynamic history. The two Phanerozoic periods of variations in geothermal gradient (heat flow) were coeval with epeirogenic movements related to the deposition and erosion of sediments. These paleogeodynamic variations are tentatively attributed to far-field effects of orogenic processes occurring at the plate margin (i.e. the Antler and the Cordilleran orogenies) and the associated accumulation of cratonic seaway sedimentary sequences (Kaskaskia and Zuni sequences). 相似文献
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苏北盆地属于中、新生代“断陷型”盆地,发育前震旦系变质基底及古生代海相台地沉积,经历燕山期大规模岩浆-火山-构造活动,之后连续断陷沉降并沉积了厚度巨大的新生代地层;新生代苏北盆地处于持续活跃的洋陆构造带内,其特殊的构造位置使区内拥有相对高的大地热流值和较大的地温梯度,具有巨大的地热资源潜力。基于区域地热地质综合研究,本文针对苏北盆地地质构造特征、地温数据、地球物理信息等系统分析,初步证实了盆地内不仅存在浅部中低温地热资源,而且推断出盆地深部拥有温度较高的干热岩资源,其热源主要来源于深部的地幔,是本地区新生代区域伸展裂陷、地幔上涌、岩石圈减薄等作用的结果。根据干热岩选区的科学准则,盆地内优势前景区拥有丰富的动态热源、导热效果极佳的热通道、规模巨大的优势热储、良好保温作用的热盖层,并依据此初步建立成因模型,为进一步勘探与开发提供参考依据。 相似文献
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The purpose of the study is to better understand the relationship between organic matter optical properties and the presence of potentially large oil and gas accumulations in Arctic Canada. The type and thermal maturity of the dispersed organic matter of the Mesozoic formations in the southern Sverdrup Basin, Melville Island, have been studied using organic petrology and Rock-Eval pyrolysis.All types of organic matter are present in the strata of Mesozoic age. Hydrogen-rich liptinite is dominated by alginite (Botryococcus and Tasmanites), dinoflagellate cysts and amorphous fluorescing matrix. Sporinite, cutinite, resinite and liptodetrinite made up the lesser hydrogen-rich exinite. Vitrinite reflectance in Cretaceous sediments ranges from 0.36 to 0.65% Ro; in Jurassic sediments it ranges from 0.40 to 1.0% Ro and in the Triassic from 0.45 to 1.30% Ro, showing an overall increase with depth of burial.Cretaceous sediments of the Deer Bay Formation are thermally immature and contain organic matter of terrestrial origin. The Upper Jurassic shales of the Ringnes Formation contain predominantly organic matter of liptinitic and exinitic origin with a considerable vitrinitic input. At optimum maturation levels, potential source beds of this formation would have a good hydrocarbon-generating potential. The hydrocarbon potential, however, would be limited to the generation of gases due to the leanness of the source rocks. Parts of the Lower Jurassic Jameson Bay Formation are organic-rich and contain a mixed exinitic/vitrinitic organic matter, Botryococcus colonial algae but visible organic matter is dominated by high plant remains (mainly spores). The Schei Point Group shales and siltstones contain organic matter of almost purely marine origin, whereas the predominantly higher plant-derived organic matter found in the Deer Bay, Jameson Bay and partly in the Ringnes formations have higher TOC. Among the Schei Point Group samples, the Cape Richards and Eden Bay members of the Hoyle Bay Formation are richer in TOC (>2.0%) than the Murray Harbour Formation (Cape Caledonia Member). This may reflect differences in the level of maturity or in the depositional environment (more anoxic conditions for the former).Regional variations in the level of thermal maturity of Mesozoic sediments in Sverdrup Basin appear to be a function of burial depth. The Mesozoic formations thicken towards the basin centre (NNE direction), reflecting the general pattern of increasing thermal maturity north of Sabine Peninsula. However, the regional thermal-maturation pattern of the Mesozoic is not solely a reflection of the present-day geothermal gradient, which indicates that anomalous zones of high geothermal gradient may have existed in the past, at least since when the Mesozoic sediments attained maximum burial depth. The contour pattern of the regional variation of maturity at the base of numerous Triassic formations is similar to that of the structural contours of the Sverdrup Basin, indicating that present-day maturation levels are largely controlled by basin subsidence. 相似文献
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松辽盆地外围油气新区中生代地层研究新进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过对松辽盆地外围西部中生代重点盆地的调查分析,重新划分了龙江盆地的中生代地层,特别是重新解释了甘河组的含义;解体了突泉盆地的付家洼子组,将其分别划归为付家洼子组、满克头鄂博组、玛尼吐组;重新划分了扎鲁特盆地的火山岩地层,根据同位素年龄测试结果,将一部分划归古生界大石寨组的火山岩地质体分别划归中生界塔木兰沟组、玛尼吐组;建立了松辽盆地外围西部中生代重点盆地,包括龙江盆地、突泉盆地、扎鲁特盆地和乌兰盖盆地中生代地层的对比关系. 相似文献
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具有无污染、可再生、分布广、储量大以及可就近利用等诸多优势的地热能是一种洁净能源,应用前景广阔。地热能的开发利用与区域地温场划分紧密相关,关于关中盆地整体地温场划分的研究鲜有报道。根据关中盆地的工程地质、水文地质、环境地质条件等因素,总结了岩体类和砂土类的热物性质特征。通过灰色关联分析方法,分析了岩土体热物性参数的影响因素,认为干燥重度对导热系数的影响程度最大,含水率、天然重度、孔隙率三者影响程度相近;干燥重度对比热容影响程度最大,天然重度次之,含水率和孔隙率影响最弱。利用盆地内多个地温常观孔,绘制了地温变化曲线和地温梯度等值线,认为关中盆地常温带位于15~20 m埋深处,地温梯度总体呈中部高、东西低,固市凹陷、西安凹陷、蒲城凸起、断裂及断裂汇合区域地温梯度较大,宝鸡凸起、咸礼凸起以及临蓝凸起地温梯度较小,产生差异的原因包括地质构造、地下水活动、岩土体热物性参数等三方面。利用热物性参数和地温梯度值,计算了盆地内浅层和深层的大地热流值,并分析了两者差异的成因,经对比全国区域地热资料,认为关中盆地是一个复杂的坳陷型中低温地热田,地热资源潜力巨大,居全国上游。该文旨在系统地分析关中盆地地温场特征,为地热能的勘查评价提供基础数据支持,促进关中盆地地热开发利用,为构建环境友好型社会服务。 相似文献
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李四光教授是中国地热研究的倡导者,作者以中国科学院地质研究所地热室近20年来的研究工作为基础,从大地热流、深部地热、区域地温场、地热数学模拟、地热实验和分析测试系统、地热资源、矿山地热以及油田地热等八个方面阐述了我国地热研究的进展,以资缅怀和纪念李四光教授诞生100周年。 相似文献
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共和盆地地热能分布特征与聚集机制分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
位处青藏高原北部的青海省共和盆地,是一个自中生代以来形成的断陷盆地,周界由深大活动断裂控制,其内堆积有大厚度的第四纪和新近纪地层,揭露厚度达900～1440m,基底由印支期花岗岩组成,调（勘）查资料显示,盆地内具有热流值较高的特征,基底花岗岩地热梯度大于5℃,热异常明显。青藏高原宽频地震探测资料显示,共和盆地所在的东昆仑地块上地幔存在着一条宽达150km的低速带,其与巴颜喀拉地块深地幔中以大型低速异常体为特征的地幔热柱相关联,该低速带延伸到地壳,在共和盆地及其周边一带地表以下1～40km的不同部位形成热流异常区,导致在盆地浅部形成丰富的以干热岩、地下热水为主的地下热能资源,其不仅在城镇供暖方面具有现实推广意义,而且在发电等能源利用中潜力巨大。 相似文献
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ZUO Yinhui QIU Nansheng HAO Qingqing ZHANG Yunxian PANG Xiongqi LI Zhongchao GAO Xia 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(3):915-930
The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin, China, and has abundant oil and gas reserves. To date, there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields. This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells, and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations. The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells. The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas, with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0°C/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2. The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan, Yellow River, and Lanliao basement faults. They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period. The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag, namely two subsags, one uplift, one steep slope and one gentle slope. The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields. The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag. 相似文献
20.
Characteristics of geothermal reservoirs and utilization of geothermal resources in the southeastern coastal areas of China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on regional geological setting, stratigraphic distribution and other geological conditions, this paper summarized three types of geothermal reservoirs in the southeast coastal areas of China: Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoir, Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir and Paleozoic karst reservoir. Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoirs are mainly located in Cenozoic basins, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Sanshui and Leiqiong basins. The Tertiary sedimentary basins such as Leiqiong Basin and Sanshui Basin, are controlled by NE-trending faults, while the Quaternary sedimentary such as Zhangzhou and Fuzhou basins are controlled by NW-trending faults. Mesozoic granite fissure reservoirs are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Fengshun, Yangjiang and southern part of Hainan Province. The distribution of good Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir in these areas is mainly controlled by NE-trending faults. Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs are widely distributed in these areas. Most carbonate rocks are from the upper Paleozoic strata, such as those in the area of Huizhou in Guangdong Province. The major types of geothermal systems in the southeast coastal areas of China belong to medium and low-temperature convection. The geothermal resources developed from the ground to-3 000 m underground could be utilized directly for space heating, greenhouse heating, aquaculture pond heating and industrial uses, as well as other purposes. The geothermal resources with a depth of 3 000～6 000 m underground is mainly featured by Hot Dry Rock(HDR) with a temperature ranges from 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, which is conductive to the development of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) and can be utilized for power generation. 相似文献