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1.
Pharmaceuticals as indictors of sewage-influenced groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Beate Müller Traugott Scheytt Martin Asbrand Andrea Mross de Casas 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(6):1117-1129
A set of human pharmaceuticals enables identification of groundwater that is influenced by sewage and provides information on the time of recharge. As the consumption rates of the investigated pharmaceuticals have changed over time, so too has the composition of the sewage. At the study area, south of Berlin (Germany), irrigation was performed as a method of wastewater clean-up at sewage irrigation farms until the early 1990s. Today, treated wastewater is discharged into the surface-water-stream Nuthegraben. Groundwater and surface-water samples were analyzed for the pharmaceutical substances clofibric acid, bezafibrate, diclofenac, carbamazepine and primidone, the main ions and organic carbon. The pharmaceutical substances were detected at concentrations up to microgram-per-liter level in groundwater and surface-water samples from the Nuthegraben Lowland area and from the former irrigation farms. Concentrations detected in groundwater are generally much lower than in surface water and there is significant variation in the distribution of pharmaceutical concentrations in groundwater. Groundwater influenced by the irrigation of sewage water shows higher primidone and clofibric-acid concentrations. Groundwater influenced by recent discharge of treated sewage water into the surface water shows high carbamazepine concentrations while concentrations of primidone and clofibric acid are low. 相似文献
2.
为了查明河北省石家庄市近郊污灌区包气带和地下水的污染状况,采用最大可能数法(MPN法)对污灌区水土环境中的常见细菌进行培养,通过铁氧化菌在水土环境中数量的变化及其与各环境因子之间的关系分析得出：研究区铁氧化菌在pH为7.4(中偏碱性)、氧化还原电位(ORP)为318 mV(氧化环境)、温度为15 ℃、溶解氧(DO)质量浓度为4.7~7.8 mg/l、井深40 m的地下水环境中生长较好,数量可达1.1×105 个/ml;铁氧化菌在pH为8.07~8.28、含水量为19.0%~22.9%、岩性为粉土、深度为3.5 m以浅的土壤环境中生长较好,数量可达5.1×107个/g。研究结果表明由于长期污灌,研究区的浅层地下水和上部3.5 m的土壤不同程度地受到污染。铁氧化菌在水土环境中大量繁殖,并不断地把可利用的Fe 2+氧化成不溶性的Fe 3+ ,影响了研究区的水土环境,使研究区的生态环境产生变化。 相似文献
3.
With certain outfalls in Baoding as an example and in combination with test results of soil and water samples taken from both sides of such outfalls, the organic contamination compounds influence on the surrounding soil and groundwater environment was analysed, the distribution features of the main organic contamination in soil and groundwater in different depth were discussed, and the vertical and longitudinal migration rule of all kinds of main organic contamination compounds in soil and groundwater in the sewage irrigation area was studied. 相似文献
4.
珠江三角洲污灌区地下水重金属含量及其相互关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了解污灌区地下水重金属含量特征,采集地表水样5组、地下水样14组进行化学组分定量分析。结果表明：污灌区地下水8种重金属元素中,仅有Ni和As两种元素超标,超标率分别为14.3％和42.9％。8种重金属含量在污灌区地表水、工厂废水以及地下水中存在明显的对应关系。Ni、Zn、Se、Cd这4种元素间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,Cu与Pb和Cd分别呈极显著和显著的正相关关系,Cr仅与Ni呈显著的正相关关系,As与其它7种元素的相关性均不明显。聚类分析结果显示8种重金属可分为4类：Pb和Cu一类,Se、Cd、Ni、Zn一类,Cr和As均单独一类。Pb和Cu与Fe的相似性最好,Se、Cd、Ni、Zn与Mg2+存在较好的相似性,Cr与HCO－3的相似性最好,As与SO2－4存在一定的相似性。 相似文献
5.
Xianjun Xie Yanxin Wang Junxia Li Ya Wu Mengyu Duan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3455-3464
This study describes the geochemistry of the topsoils from an arsenic (As)-affected area of the Datong Basin and identifies the possible sources and the enrichment mechanisms of As in groundwater. A total of 122 soil samples were collected from the study area. Analytical results indicate that soil As is higher than the average value of the Shanxi province topsoils. Fertilizer application and weathering of the bedrock both contributed to the presence of elements, including As, in the soil of the area. Furthermore, these elements may be strongly bound to Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides. In addition, the depletion of K indicates that this element is readily leached into the groundwater rather than being retained in the soils. A groundwater area with high As levels corresponding spatially to soil samples with no As accumulation clearly shows the effects of irrigation or salt flushing on the soil compositions. Arsenic can be mobilized under reducing condition due to organic matter input or changes in redox conditions induced by irrigation or salt flushing and can be transported with vertically recharged water into shallow, unconfined aquifers, thus elevating the As concentration in groundwater. 相似文献
6.
为查明受污染的白洋淀地表水渗漏范围,对周边地下水主要离子水化学的影响,并评价地下水是否适用于灌溉,在该区域现场测定了地表水及地下水pH、EC(Electric Conductivity)和ORP(Oxidation-Reduction Potential)等参数,采样分析各水体D、18O和主要离子组成,结合判别分析和钠吸附比RSA(Sodium Adsorption Ratio)讨论。结果表明,淀水渗漏使浅层地下水电导率升高,氧化还原电位值降低,且更加富集重同位素;唐河污水库周边浅层地下水SO42-和Na+含量明显增大。浅层地下水的δ18O值结合水位埋深有效地标记了淀水渗漏影响地下水的范围。浅层地下水主要受到白洋淀渗漏的影响,唐河污水库附近的浅层地下水受污水库渗漏影响。污染地表水渗漏使得浅层地下水水质普遍下降,白洋淀西部和唐河污水库周边浅层地下水不适宜用于灌溉。 相似文献
7.
北京市东南郊不同灌区表层土壤中PAHs来源解析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用正三角形布点法在北京市东南郊污灌区、再生水灌区、清灌区分别进行了3个表土的样品采集,采样间隔为1 m,共采集9个样品,分别测试了样品中16种多环芳烃的质量分数。测试结果表明：大部分PAHs在3个灌区表土中均有检出,污灌区除了蒽和苯并[a]蒽外,其余均有检出;再生水灌区除二氢苊和苯并[a]蒽外,其余均有检出;清灌区16种PAHs均有检出。其中,污灌区的ΣPAHs大约为730 μg/kg,再生水灌区ΣPAHs大约为207 μg/kg,清灌区PAHs大约为43 μg/kg。分别利用比值法、聚类分析法和主成分分析法对研究区土壤中PAHs的可能来源进行解析,通过比值法和聚类分析法可以得出：污灌区表土PAHs污染主要来源于石油源,而再生水灌区和清灌区的PAHs主要来源于燃烧源。由主成分分析法可以定量地计算出各个污染源对PAHs的贡献率：在污灌区采样点,燃烧源/汽车尾气和焦炭源/石油源的贡献率分别为30％和70％;在再生水灌区,PAHs的主要来源为煤的燃烧、汽车尾气的排放和部分石油源的输入,贡献率分别为83.2％和16.8％;在清灌区,PAHs的主要来源为煤的燃烧和汽车尾气的排放,贡献率分别为83.6％和16.4％。 相似文献
8.
研究区位于河北省保定市东部排污渠旁,是一处有近40年污水灌溉历史的农田,灌溉用污水主要为保定天鹅化纤有限公司和保定钞票纸厂排放的污水,主要种植农作物为小麦、玉米。饱气带厚度2.4~2.7 m,饱气带土以粉质粘土为主。通过分析距排污渠不同距离、不同深度的土样有机物的测试分析结果,选择苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、苯并[a]芘为典型污染物,从饱气带土的物理与化学特征、5种有机物的物理化学特征、地下水的动力条件角度,分析了典型有机物在饱气带土与地下水中迁移的影响因素。 相似文献
9.
近20年来进入沧州区域内的地表废污水逐渐增多,为解决农业灌溉问题,沿河大量使用污水灌溉,对地下水和土壤产生污染。对渤海海退和古黄河冲积沉积形成的吴桥县土壤污染情况进行典型监测,评价污水灌溉对类似区域土壤影响,提出防治地下水和土壤污染的措施和建议。 相似文献
10.
本文运用水均衡法和开采系数法,依据水均衡原理建立14团灌区内地下水水均衡模式,对灌区的地下水资源进行评价和分析,目的是科学合理开发利用地下水,保持水土平衡,促进灌区经济可持续发展. 相似文献
11.
冬小麦田咸水灌溉与土壤盐分调控试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用浅层咸水灌溉，可使浅层咸水分布区无效降水转化为有效水资源，缓解北方水资源紧缺的矛盾；通过王瞳试验场进行的咸水灌溉与土壤盐分调控试验表明，利用3g/L左右的微咸水连续灌溉5a，根层土壤溶液浓度未超过小麦的耐盐能力，且作物增产；多年盐分变化趋势为：1994－1997年1m深度内土壤总含盐量在一定范围内波动，总体变化不大，连续干旱的1997－1998年略呈上升趋势；麦秸覆盖和施有机肥能减少根层土壤盐分，对土壤盐分具有有利的调控作用，具有增产效果。 相似文献
12.
为了解研究区岩溶地下水水质形成及离子质量浓度空间变异影响因素,以毕节市大方县南部为研究区,采用因子分析方法对56组水样进行分析,得到基于研究区岩溶地下水水质形成及其影响的4组因子(F1、F2、F3、F4):F1以TH、TDS、COD、Ca2+、SO42-、F-为主,代表了碳酸盐岩及膏盐矿物的充分溶解对水质的影响;F2以游离CO2、Mg2+、HCO3-为主,反映了碳酸盐岩中白云石矿物的溶解对水质的影响;F3以Na+、K+、Cl-为主,代表了盐岩溶解、大气降水对水质的影响;F4以pH、NO3-为主,揭示了人类生活污水和农业灌溉污水对岩溶地下水水质的影响。以上4种因子可以解释研究区岩溶地下水水质影响因素的80%以上。 相似文献
13.
Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in the upper Cheliff plain,Algeria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abdelkader Bouderbala 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(3):347-356
Assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes was carried out in the plain of upper Cheliff. The study area covers an area of 375 km2 and lies in a semiarid climate. Groundwater is the major source for domestic and agricultural activity in this area. Groundwater samples were collected from 19 wells during dry and wet periods in 2012, and they were analyzed for major cations and anions and compared with drinking and irrigation specification standards. The concentration of the majority of chemical constituents exceeds the standards of WHO as a result of various sources of pollution. It indicates the dominance of groundwater types: Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Mg-HCO3. Suitability of groundwater for drinking was evaluated based on the water quality index; it shows more than 60% of samples have very poor quality for dry and wet periods, which means water is severely contaminated and unsuitable for drinking purpose. In terms of the irrigation usage, generally groundwater is suitable for both periods in the major part of the plain. The Mineralization processes in this area is determined by the lithology of the aquifer (exchange water-rock), by anthropogenic factors (discharges of urban sewage, use of fertilizers) and also by evaporation (semi-arid climate). 相似文献
14.
Abeer. Sh. Salman Ali Al Dosari Faisal K. Zaidi Oumar Allafouza Loni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(22):490
To understand the impact of the influence of treated wastewater, a study was undertaken in the downstream side of Wadi Hanifa in the southern part of Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia. Chemical elements from 17 groundwater samples, 9 surface water samples (treated wastewater), and 14 soil samples were analyzed. Water facies analyses showed that both groundwater and surface water belong to the SO4-Cl class. However, the groundwater is characterized by high salinity (average value of 3547 mg/l), which may be result of the greater rock-water interaction and limited rainfall recharge. The NO3 values are also high in the groundwater samples (average value of 40 mg/l) and are mainly attributed to the agricultural practices in the study area. The surface water samples (treated wastewater from the plant) shows an average salinity value of 1232 mg/l and is better suited for irrigation purposes. Heavy elements analyzed in the soil samples show high concentrations of all the elements except Mn and Ni as compared to their background concentration. Enrichment factor and index of geoaccumulation calculated from the soil samples indicate that they are severely enriched with respect to Cd and Se. The spatial distribution maps were prepared based on kriging interpolation technique to estimate the concentrations of the analyzed elements at unknown locations. The treated wastewater in the study area is better suited for agricultural and domestic activities as compared to groundwater. 相似文献
15.
Influences of groundwater extraction on flow dynamics and arsenic levels in the western Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhuo Zhang Huaming Guo Weiguang Zhao Shuai Liu Yongsheng Cao Yongfeng Jia 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1499-1512
Data on spatiotemporal variations in groundwater levels are crucial for understanding arsenic (As) behavior and dynamics in groundwater systems. Little is known about the influences of groundwater extraction on the transport and mobilization of As in the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia (China), so groundwater levels were recorded in five monitoring wells from 2011 to 2016 and in 57 irrigation wells and two multilevel wells in 2016. Results showed that groundwater level in the groundwater irrigation area had two troughs each year, induced by extensive groundwater extraction, while groundwater levels in the river-diverted (Yellow River) water irrigation area had two peaks each year, resulting from surface-water irrigation. From 2011 to 2016, groundwater levels in the groundwater irrigation area presented a decreasing trend due to the overextraction. Groundwater samples were taken for geochemical analysis each year in July from 2011 to 2016. Increasing trends were observed in groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) and As. Owing to the reverse groundwater flow direction, the Shahai Lake acts as a new groundwater recharge source. Lake water had flushed the near-surface sediments, which contain abundant soluble components, and increased groundwater salinity. In addition, groundwater extraction induced strong downward hydraulic gradients, which led to leakage recharge from shallow high-TDS groundwater to the deep semiconfined aquifer. The most plausible explanation for similar variations among As, Fe(II) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations is the expected dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. 相似文献
16.
基于野外调查、取样分析以及遥感影像等,介绍了银川平原水文地质条件及水资源利用概况,探讨了土壤盐渍化、湖泊湿地萎缩、地下水盐化、地下水超采以及土地荒漠化等水环境问题及其演化成因。结果表明：银川平原地下水主要接受渠系渗漏及灌溉入渗、大气降水入渗、平原周边地下侧向径流、洪水散失、黄河水等补给,地下水排泄方式主要是排水沟排泄、蒸发和人工开采等,大部分地区潜水埋深在3 m以内;地表水主要来源于黄河引水,水资源利用效率不高;土壤盐渍化总面积8.17×104hm2,呈逐年缩减的趋势,主要分布于银川平原北部,平原南部仅分布在邵岗东部、灵武东部秦渠和东干渠等;湖泊湿地总体呈逐渐减少趋势,主要分布在银川平原北部,永宁以北、平罗以南区域比较集中,滩涂沿黄河两岸分布;潜水总含盐量自西向东、自南向北不断增大;银川和石嘴山深层地下水超采严重,地下水降落漏斗面积已超过500 km2;沙漠化土地分布在银川平原的东西两侧;土壤盐渍化及地下水盐化主要由潜水位埋深过浅,蒸发强烈造成的。最后,提出了防治上述水环境问题的对策：进一步加强水资源管理以及地表水与地下水联合调配;提高农业水资源利用效率;完善田间工程配套,实现渠道防渗管道化;改进田间灌溉技术;严格污水排放,积极开展污水净化处理,实行污水资源化;加强对水土环境质量的系统监测。 相似文献
17.
分析了在五家子灌区引水工程完成后对镇赉县低平原的环境影响。分析结果表明,该工程可引起研究区内地下水位抬升,减缓当地用水矛盾,改善当前土壤盐渍化严重现象。但是在排水条件不好的周边,如果不加强管理会引起土壤次生盐渍化后果。 相似文献
18.
为了探明耕地-荒地-海子系统中不同类型水分的运移转化规律,在2018-2019年典型时期对系统内具有代表性的采样点进行水样采集,分析了不同时期内不同水体的δ18O变化特征,并利用二端元混合模型和土壤水动力学方法计算了不同类型水分转化贡献率。结果发现：①在灌溉期,82%的灌溉水储存于1 m土体中,18%的灌溉水通过渗漏补给了耕地地下水,渠系灌溉水通过地下侧向径流给耕地地下水贡献了76%。②灌溉水和降雨对耕地地下水平均贡献率为94%和6%;耕地地下水和降雨对荒地地下水的平均贡献率为71%和29%;荒地地下水和降雨对海子的平均贡献率为43%和57%。③渠系灌溉水通过侧向径流贡献给耕地地下水的水量基本全部迁移给了荒地地下水,地下水迁移转化是由渠系水侧向径流触发的。④灌后5 d,耕荒地交界土层0~40 cm存在饱和-非饱和侧向补给;灌后15 d和30 d,耕地和耕荒地交界处的地下水向根区40~60 cm、土层80 cm以及100 cm补给水分;灌后30 d,耕地中的灌溉水水分消失。⑤在非灌溉期,荒地地下水和海子耗水较多,应给海子补给水分。 相似文献
19.
A hydrogeochemical study was conducted on the groundwater of south Al Madinah Al Munawarah City, Saudi Arabia, to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation uses. Groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for major and some trace constituents from the study area. The nitrate concentration in most groundwater samples of the study area exceeded the safe limits for drinking purposes, whereas the concentrations of phosphate, boron, and trace constituents were below the maximum permissible limit for drinking purposes; Cr in two samples showed high content over the recommended limits of drinking purposes. Uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater in Abar Al Mashi area caused many environmental problems including water resource depletion and contamination. Correlations between chloride and major ions were positive and may be attributed to impact of agricultural activities on groundwater chemistry. Groundwater of the study area was classified into six water types. The chemical water types of groundwater in the study area contain CaHCO3 in the eastern and southeastern parts and NaCl in western and northwestern parts, reflecting different land use characteristics and pollution sources. Piper diagram showed that almost all the samples fall in one zone, indicating similar chemical signature. Groundwater can be used safely for drinking with special treatments to eliminate the effect of increased concentrations of total dissolved solids, nitrate, and chromium. The groundwater of the study area can be used safely for irrigation on clay soil; however, specific crops should be selected according to their salt tolerance. 相似文献
20.
为了探明耕地-荒地-海子系统中不同类型水分的运移转化规律，在2018-2019年典型时期对系统内具有代表性的采样点进行水样采集，分析了不同时期内不同水体的δ18O变化特征，并利用二端元混合模型和土壤水动力学方法计算了不同类型水分转化贡献率。结果发现:①在灌溉期，82%的灌溉水储存于1 m土体中，18%的灌溉水通过渗漏补给了耕地地下水，渠系灌溉水通过地下侧向径流给耕地地下水贡献了76%。②灌溉水和降雨对耕地地下水平均贡献率为94%和6%；耕地地下水和降雨对荒地地下水的平均贡献率为71%和29%；荒地地下水和降雨对海子的平均贡献率为43%和57%。③渠系灌溉水通过侧向径流贡献给耕地地下水的水量基本全部迁移给了荒地地下水，地下水迁移转化是由渠系水侧向径流触发的。④灌后5 d，耕荒地交界土层0~40 cm存在饱和-非饱和侧向补给；灌后15 d和30 d，耕地和耕荒地交界处的地下水向根区40~60 cm、土层80 cm以及100 cm补给水分；灌后30 d，耕地中的灌溉水水分消失。⑤在非灌溉期，荒地地下水和海子耗水较多，应给海子补给水分。 相似文献