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1.
为了分析水层越流补给对煤层气井早期排水的影响,根据不稳定渗流理论,引入越流系数,建立了考虑层间越流现象的煤层中水的渗流数学模型。通过Laplace变换对模型求解,并利用Stehfest反演得到实空间的解,采用新的参数组合,分别绘制了压力和压力导数双对数曲线图版。从物理渗流机理上分析了层间越流对曲线形态的影响,随着越流系数的增大,径向流结束的时间越早;同时提出了利用典型图版拟合确定储层渗透率、表皮系数以及越流系数的方法。典型图版有助于定量评价越流的强弱,对煤层气井后续排采制度的调整具有指导意义。 相似文献
2.
有效应力对裂缝型低渗透砂岩油藏压力响应的影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为了研究裂缝孔隙型低渗油藏中流体在双重介质之间的渗流规律及其影响,建立了双重介质间流体窜流的数学模型,并利用拉氏变换数值反演方法给出近似解析解;通过数值计算,研究窜流压力的动态特征,分析储容系数及窜流系数对压力响应的影响;通过压敏试验研究了有效应力对双重介质低渗油藏渗流能力的影响。研究结果表明：储容系数主要决定双重介质之间发生窜流现象的早晚,储容系数越大,发生窜流的时间越晚;储容系数越小,发生窜流的时间越早。窜流系数主要决定双重介质之间发生窜流压力的大小,窜流系数越大,发生窜流的压力越小;窜流系数越小,发生窜流的压力越大。有效应力对裂缝型低渗透油藏的渗流能力影响很大,有效应力的增加能够大大降低裂缝型油藏渗透率和孔隙度,以致降低储层的储容系数和窜流系数,从而影响双重介质间窜流压力的动态特征。因此,在裂缝型低渗透砂岩油藏开采中,保持压力、防止储层伤害是非常重要的。 相似文献
3.
针对裂缝性致密油藏,基于拉普拉斯变换及Stehfest数值反演, 建立了一种可用于直井体积改造产能评价的半解析两区复合模型,模型内区包含有限条无限导流水力裂缝,外区是经典的Warren-Root双重介质系统. 并分析了导压系数比α、裂缝传导率比β、储容比ω、窜流系数λ以及改造半径reD等参数敏感性,绘制了产量递减图版。结果表明：从产量递减曲线,可以看出体积改造直井产能遵循“L”形递减规律;导压系数比越大,初期产量越高;裂缝传导率比对整个生产周期的产能都有影响,裂缝传导率比越大,单井产量越高,同时还会伴有明显的复合边界流特征;储容比和窜流系数分别影响双重介质基质-裂缝系统窜流发生的程度和时间;内区人工主裂缝条数越多或改造渗透率越大,复合边界流越明显,产能也越高,这说明改造程度与改造体积对产能的增加都很重要,应注意两者的合理优化。矿场实例验证了该模型在裂缝性封闭边界油藏直井多次压裂改造以及裂缝性致密油藏直井体积改造方面的适用性和实用性。 相似文献
4.
运用数值模拟方法对开采多层双重介质储层井的压力反映特征的研究表明：开采多层储层的油气井的动态与开采其等效单层油气井的动态不相同，层间或层内非均质性会显著影响到油气井的动态；当层间有越流时，层间非均质性使得压力反映曲线可能是规则的，也可能是不规则的，这两种可能取决于越流强度、窜流系数以及储容比的相对大小。 相似文献
5.
基于朗格缪尔模型、菲克第二扩散定律和达西定律,综合考虑重力和气体压缩效应的影响,推导出描述煤层气和水渗流规律的基本偏微分方程组(并给出定解条件),且利用有限差分法对该数学模型进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,该模型能够有效模拟煤层气水平井的生产动态。通过对比是否考虑非稳态扩散和气体压缩效应时不同裂隙渗透率下的产气动态可知,忽略非稳态扩散和压缩效应,将人为缩短达到气体峰值产量的时间,增大产气峰值;将降低气体膨胀能,低估气井后期产能。煤岩裂隙渗透率越高,气井产能受渗透率回归效应影响越大,峰值产量的持续时间越短且产量下降速度快。因此在煤层气藏开采过程中,应根据气井的产气动态调整井底流压,建立合理的储层压力系统,以降低渗透率回归效应带来的不利影响。 相似文献
6.
煤层气开采过程中储层渗透率的变化对产气量影响较大,通过引入S＆D渗透率变化模型,建立了考虑渗透率变化的煤储层三维气水两相渗流数学模型,完成模型检验后应用所编制软件研究了煤储层参数、吸附参数及渗透率模型特征参数对开发效果的影响。结果表明,煤层气产量随着初始含气量、煤层有效厚度、裂缝渗透率和Langmuir压力的增大而增大,随储层原始压力、裂缝孔隙度和Langmuir体积的增大而减小,而解吸时间对产气量影响不大;裂缝渗透率随着杨氏模量和基质收缩/膨胀系数的增大而增大,随泊松比和裂缝压缩系数的增大而减小。引入S＆D模型后计算的累积产气量要比常规模型低1.3%,因此不可忽视煤层气产出过程中渗透率的变化。 相似文献
7.
煤矿区煤层气开发受煤矿采动影响,为实现煤矿采动条件下煤层气井产能数值模拟,抽象概化了采动条件下煤层气开发的地质模型,构建了采动条件下煤层气储层的数学模型,并通过对CBM-SIM软件二次开发,实现了采动条件下煤层气储层的数值模拟。在建模和数值解算软件开发中,基于采动离层量变化曲线公式构建了采动条件下储层渗透率变化曲线公式,利用采动井水位变化规律构建了储层漏失水量变化公式,利用时间卡机制解决了煤储层渗透率及漏失水量的动态求解和循环迭代过程中作为系数和边界条件的调用赋值,实现了渗透率随采动影响的动态变化、储层水漏失降压和储层产气的耦合解算。应用开发的软件对淮南矿区某矿采动条件下煤层气抽采井生产数据进行历史拟合和产量模拟应用,预测煤层气产量曲线与实际生产曲线基本一致,判定系数达到0.92。 相似文献
8.
在分析淮南矿区煤层气地质背景的基础上,采用含量梯度法、压力—吸附法计算了研究区可采煤层的剩余煤层气资源量,探讨了影响该区煤层气可采潜力的煤储层压力、渗透能力、吸附/解吸特征、含气饱和度、可采系数等因素。结果表明,淮南矿区-1 500m以浅剩余煤层气资源量为2 419.70×108m3,可采资源量为1 102.20×108m3,可采资源丰度为1.98×108m3/km2,属于中等储量丰度的大型气田;区内煤储层为正常压力储层,煤储层渗透率、含气饱和度偏低,但本区可采煤层层数多,在渗透率总体偏低的背景下,区内存在的高渗区,具备煤层气地面开采的基础地质条件。 相似文献
9.
注入/压降试井是目前煤层气井获取煤储层渗透率、储层压力及井筒参数的主要手段。一般情况下,关井阶段压力变化平稳,排量稳定,因此注入/压降试井报告中采用压降阶段的压力数据进行分析。但在一些低渗储层使用压降段曲线进行分析时,能表征储层重要特征的径向流段往往不能出现。注入测试的实质是一次负产量的压降试井,在排量稳定、压力曲线光滑的前提下,可以对注入曲线进行分析,求取储层参数,并以A井为例进行了分析说明,分析结果显示,注入曲线与压降曲线分析所得渗透率一致。 相似文献
10.
排采管控方法对煤层气储层动态渗透率具有显著影响。基于煤层气井不同排采阶段渗透率的主控因素，以提高和改善渗透率为目标，提出了针对性的排采对策。井底流压大于原始储层压力时，降压速度为0.03~0.05 MPa/d，可降低压裂液和速敏伤害；井底流压在原始地层压力和解吸压力之间时，以小于0.03 MPa/d的速度降压，避免加剧储层"渗透率漏斗"；在解吸压力以上0.2~0.3 MPa时开始以0.01 MPa/d速度降压，在解吸压力附近稳压排水30 d，解吸后套压控制在0.2~0.3 MPa左右，避免两相流造成的水相渗透率下降；提产段通过变速提产强化基质收缩作用改善储层渗透率；稳产段主要通过单位压降增产量来确定合理的稳产产量，实现煤层气井长期高产稳产。现场试验表明，该方法取得了较好的应用效果。 相似文献
11.
凝析气藏在衰竭开发过程中存在复杂的相态变化,凝析油的析出使得地层呈现出油气两相混合渗流状态.针对目前凝析气藏无因次产能评价方程的研究较少的现状,在凝析气藏拟稳态流入动态方程的基础上,利用泰勒级数展开、多项式回归等一系列解析方法建立了一种新的凝析气藏无因次产能评价方程.首先对拟稳态流入动态方程中的拟压力函数定积分进行泰勒级数展开,然后利用稳态定理和多项式回归方法求解出泰勒展开式的各项系数,最后通过解析方法得到了凝析气藏的无因次产能评价方程.应用实例表明,该无因次产能方程与实际系统试井数据基本吻合,能够较好地描述凝析气藏的油气两相流入动态;无因次产能评价法所得到无阻流量比常规干气法低,且考虑高速效应的无因次产能评价法所得到的无阻流量要大于忽略高速流动的无因次产能评价法所得到的结果. 相似文献
12.
岩溶管道结构特征对岩溶水资源的合理取用、保护及地下工程安全施工均具有重要影响。目前在利用示踪试验曲线分析岩溶管道结构特征时,难以通过曲线叠加、钝锋、不规则上升和下降等形态准确解释多条岩溶管道连接关系、地下湖所处位置和地下水状态。运用地下水溶质运移理论,推导出岩溶管道流溶质运移模型,根据模型绘制三维溶质运移形态和理论时间-浓度曲线,结合水力学相关知识,对岩溶管道连接关系、地下湖位置及岩溶管道流形态变化对应的时间-浓度曲线进行解释。得出以下主要结论:（1）曲线出峰个数对应岩溶管道条数,由于管道径流长度及流速存在差异,双管道并联曲线存在3种模型,分别为2个孤立的单峰、下降曲线存在双峰叠加和2个连续上升的叠加峰;（2）单管道曲线下降梯度个数对应地下湖个数,多管道需结合管道个数和地下湖位置具体分析下降梯度和地下湖个数关系,根据地下湖位置将双管道并联岩溶管道划分4种类型,即地下湖存在于未分支管道、主管道、支管道、主管道和分支管道上;（3）曲线形态极速变化标志着管道流发生表流和承压流的相互转化。研究结果可为岩溶地区地下水保护及地下工程安全建设提供保障。 相似文献
13.
地下洞室开挖围岩经历典型径向卸载、环向加载应力路径,由此引起的岩体强度、变形特征和破坏机制也不尽相同。针对锦屏二级水电站高地应力赋存环境,对施工排水洞大理岩开展常规单轴全应变、三轴压缩、卸围压、卸围压-加载轴压等4种不同应力路径力学试验,得到应力-应变全过程曲线、变形破坏特征和极限储能变化规律。试验研究结果表明, （1）锦屏二级水电站大理岩破坏时轴向应变一般较小,为硬脆性材料,卸荷应力路径下该脆性特征更为明显;（2）卸围压同时加载轴压试验峰值强度对应轴向应变、环向应变及体积应变值一般高于单纯的卸围压值,而对应峰值强度则一般低于卸围压值;（3）卸荷速率较大时,变形模量越大,大理岩峰值强度越低。加载速率越大,变形模量越小,峰值强度越高。初始围压越高,变形模量值越低,峰值强度越高;（4）无侧限作用时试件主要为张拉破坏,低侧限作用时为剪切破坏为主,局部存在张拉破坏,较高侧限时,剪切面为典型X或Y型;（5）岩石试件具有极限储能值,该值受多种因素的影响。一般情况下试件破坏对应围压越高,极限储能值越高,卸载速率越大,极限储能值越小。研究结果对于岩爆孕育发生机制解释以及工程实际问题的解决均有参考价值。 相似文献
14.
Horizontal well combined with volume fracturing technology has been extensively employed in the development of tight gas reservoirs. The disordered distribution of the induced and natural fractures in the reservoirs leads to the existence of the anomalous diffusion, so the conventional Darcy law has some limitations in describing the fluid flow under this circumstance. This paper introduces the fractional Darcy law to take into account the effect of the anomalous diffusion and then extends the conventional model of the multi-stage fractured horizontal (MSFH) well with the presence of the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). The generated point source model for dual-porosity composite system includes the fractional calculus and its solution in Laplace space is derived. The superposition principle and the numerical discrete method are applied to obtain the solution for the MSFH well with SRV. Stehfest inversion method is used to transform the pseudo-pressure and production rate from Laplace space to real space. Type curves for pseudo-pressure and production rate are presented and analyzed. The influence of the relevant parameters on pseudo-pressure behavior and production rate decline is discussed in detail. The proposed model enriches the flow models of the MSFH well with SRV and can be used to more accurately interpret and forecast the transient pressure and transient rate. 相似文献
15.
Flexible barriers undergo large deformation to extend the impact duration, and thereby reduce the impact load of geophysical flows. The performance of flexible barriers remains a crucial challenge because there currently lacks a comprehensive criterion for estimating impact load. In this study, a series of centrifuge tests were carried out to investigate different geophysical flow types impacting an instrumented flexible barrier. The geophysical flows modelled include covered in this study include flood, hyperconcentrated flow, debris flow, and dry debris avalanche. Results reveal that the relationship between the Froude number, Fr, and the pressure coefficient α strongly depends on the formation of static deposits called dead zones which induce static loads and whether a run-up or pile-up impact mechanism develops. Test results demonstrate that flexible barriers can attenuate peak impact loads of flood, hyperconcentrated flow, and debris flow by up to 50% compared to rigid barriers. Furthermore, flexible barriers attenuate the impact load of dry debris avalanche by enabling the dry debris to reach an active failure state through large deformation. Examination of the state of static debris deposits behind the barriers indicates that hyperconcentrated and debris flows are strongly influenced by whether excessive pore water pressures regulate the depositional process of particles during the impact process. This results in significant particle rearrangement and similar state of static debris behind rigid barrier and the deformed full-retention flexible barrier, and thus the static loads on both barriers converge. 相似文献
16.
The presented results of cyclic triaxial tests on sand demonstrate that the cumulative effects due to small cycles obey a kind of flow rule. It mainly depends on the average stress ratio about which the cycles are performed. This so-called “cyclic flow rule” is unique and can be well approximated by flow rules for monotonic loading. Amongst others it is shown that the cyclic flow rule is only moderately influenced by the average mean pressure, by the strain loop (span, shape, polarization), the void ratio, the loading frequency, the static preloading and the grain size distribution curve. A slight increase of the compactive portion of the flow rule with increasing residual strain (due to the previous cycles) was observed. These experimental findings prove that the cyclic flow rule is an essential and indispensable concept in explicit (N-type) accumulation models. 相似文献
17.
滑坡临滑时间预报可根据滑坡变形时间曲线来建立，但现有临滑时间预报模型并未统一计算区间，因此相同模型在不同计算区间得出时间预报值可能存在较大差异。以贵州省龙井村滑坡为例，通过分析滑坡精细化变形数据，以斋藤时间预报模型为基础，确定出进行临滑时间预报的变形计算区间为切线角70°~75°之间，并根据变形曲线在临滑时具有明显上翘特征，导致滑坡发生时间提前的特点，通过分析切线角斜率与计算区间斜率的比例关系，引入修正系数0.5对滑坡时间预报值进行修正。通过近年来甘肃黑方台多次黄土滑坡的精细化变形数据进行检验验证，结果表明，改进的滑坡变形临滑时间预报方法具有良好的准确性和一定的普适性，为滑坡时间预报提供了较为准确的新方法。 相似文献
18.
岩体裂隙系统渗流场与应力场耦合模型 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
仵彦卿 《地质灾害与环境保护》1996,7(1):31-34
岩体系统具有复杂的结构。一般认为，岩体系统是非均质各向异性不连续的多相介质体系。当岩体以裂隙为主，且其分布较密集时，可将岩体系统看作等效连续多相介质体系。本文运用等效连续介质理论，提出了两种岩体裂隙系统渗流场与应力场耦合模型：一是以渗透水压力与隙变形关系、应力与渗透系统数关系为基础，建立渗透系数张量计算公式，进而建立等效效连续介质渗流为数学模型。以裂隙岩体应变张量分析为基础，建立裂隙岩体效应力张量 相似文献
19.
Conceptual data model and method of settlement calculation for deformation and water release from saturated soft soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Research on the seepage deformation of saturated soft soil has resulted in many achievements based, mainly, on existing seepage-deformation control equations. In reality, however, these control equations and related parameters suffer from many problems. The conductivity coefficient in the seepage control equation and the consolidation coefficient in the consolidation equation clearly resemble each other in form. However, in existing regulations and practice, soil deformation is rarely calculated by substituting the conductivity coefficient obtained from field hydrogeological experiments for the consolidation coefficient. Similarly, seepage is seldom calculated by substituting the conductivity coefficient with the consolidation coefficient obtained from consolidation experiments. This can be attributed to the fact that the two coefficients have some obvious differences. Moreover, the settlement deformation of soil calculated using the existing seepage and consolidation models does not agree very well with the measured deformation. Also, the values calculated using different models usually deviate markedly. Research indicates that these problems derive from the fact that the seepage and consolidation equations are based on different concepts of elementary volume. This study proposes using two separate elementary volume concepts: deformation elementary volume and control elementary volume. The concepts are adopted for saturated soft soil and the results used to analyze the relationships and differences between the two concepts. Moreover, we developed a conceptual data model (CDM) for the water released from and the deformation of the saturated soil. The model discloses the differences between the consolidation and conductivity coefficients both in their physical significances and magnitudes. The inter-relationship between the two coefficients is also revealed. An analytical solution for the deformation and water released from saturated soft soil is deduced based on the CDM model and the relationship between the hydrogeological and consolidation deformation parameters is established. A physical test model for saturated soft soil under certain conditions is also designed to verify the analytical solution using a method of curve fitting. Seepage and deformation tests and case studies show that the parameters calculated using the consolidation model are in agreement with those obtained from the CDM seepage model based on the measured data for flux and settlement vs. time. Furthermore, the relationship between conductivity and consolidation coefficients is verified. The method suggested in this paper is generally applicable to problems involving the consolidation coefficient, volume compressibility, conductivity coefficient, hydraulic conductivity, and specific storage of saturated soft soil, etc. Thus, its potential applications are numerous. 相似文献