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1.
通用助滤剂及其开发研究现状 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
助滤剂通常是以非金属为基本原料加工制成的粉末状产品。在工业生产过滤过程中,它是一种用来帮助被滤液体提高滤速、改善澄清度的助滤材料,广泛用于酒类、食品、化工、炼油、医药、环保、污水处理等工业部门。许多物质经加工后可以用助滤剂,如硅藻土、珍珠岩、纤维素、石棉纤维、碳粉、活性炭、滤棉、细粒硅胶、细砂和粉状离子交换树脂等。其中,硅藻土和珍珠岩助滤剂的用途最为广泛,用量也最大,是常见的通用助滤剂;纤维素、石棉、活性碳等也有它们特殊性能,为常见的辅助用助滤剂。１ 硅藻土助滤剂近年来,硅藻土助滤剂的消耗量一直… 相似文献
2.
活性炭/硅藻土吸附剂的制备及性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南先锋大型褐煤矿区共生的硅藻土是我国第二大硅藻土矿区,有机质含量高达15%～30%,传统工艺的经济利用价值低,属难于开发利用的劣质硅藻土,因而未得到有效开发利用。本文以实现先锋高有机质含量硅藻土废弃资源合理利用、提高先锋煤矿区的矿产资源综合利用率的目标出发,将先锋硅藻土矿经酸性水洗提纯后,在N2保护气氛下500～800℃高温煅烧,将有机质碳化,形成无定形活性炭/硅藻土的复合材料。经电镜观察复合硅藻土发现,无定形活性炭均匀分散于硅藻土表面和孔隙内,形成稳定的无定形活性炭/硅藻土复合体。活性炭/硅藻土比表面积和亚甲基蓝饱和吸附量分别为55.79 m2/g和41.87 mg/g,吸附性能远高于常规硅藻土制品。活性炭/硅藻土复合吸附剂对重金属Pb2+、Co2+和Sr2+具有显著吸附作用,其饱和吸附量分别为54.47、37.34和25.1 mg/g。通过聚丙烯酰胺改性活性炭/硅藻土吸附性能可进一步提高。本文利用先锋高有机质硅藻土制备高效无定形活性炭/硅藻土复合吸附剂的技术路线有利于大幅提高先锋硅藻土矿产的经济利用价值,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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介孔TiO2分子筛的复合模板合成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以钛酸异丙酯为钛源,吐温-60和十二胺为复合模板剂,通过控制反应液的pH值,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-G el)工艺合成出介孔T iO2前驱体,并通过热处理除去模板剂,得锐钛型介孔T iO2。合成产物采用粒度分布、SEM、TEM、XRD及等温N2吸附进行分析表征。研究表明:以硫酸为水解抑制剂,控制体系pH值为3,可以有效抑制钛酸异丙酯(TT IP)的水解缩聚速率,合成前驱体经热处理脱模后得锐钛型介孔T iO2,孔道有序度提高,介孔孔道收缩变小,晶粒尺寸L101=11.02 nm;颗粒粒度分布变窄,粒径减小,平均粒径为0.587μm;介孔T iO2孔径分布窄,平均孔径为4.0 nm,BET比表面积为143.2 m2/g,孔容0.16cm3/g。 相似文献
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我国微米级无机多孔非金属矿及其应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
无机多孔非金属矿,按孔径及其应用特点可划分为纳米级(1～100nm )、微米级（0.1～100μm)及毫米级（0.1～1mm)等三种类型。微米级多孔非金属矿主要有硅藻土、轻质蛋白石、多孔凝灰岩、多孔硅质岩等,大都分布于地台活化区内,为后地台稳定条件下形成。它们的物相主要为蛋白石、微晶石英或流纹质玻屑等;化学成分上具有高硅、低铝铁等特征;孔隙结构除具有孔径相似、孔形态丰富、孔隙率大、堆密度小及多开孔等相似性外,在微米级孔径范围内（0.1～100μm）,孔隙的大小、形状及抗压强度等方面也具有相异性。因此它们具有与纳米级和毫米级多孔非金属矿不同的应用领域。 相似文献
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利用粉煤灰制备高强矿物聚合材料的实验研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
以粉煤灰和内蒙古白云鄂博的富钾板岩提钾后的硅铝质滤渣为粉体原料,标准砂为骨料,采用振动成型方法,在90℃下养护24 h,制备了矿物聚合材料。实验结果显示:制品的7 d饱水抗压强度达78.5 MPa,28 d饱水抗压强度可达89.0 MPa;制品的含水率和吸水率分别为5.3%和15.0%;在20℃下,制品在浓度为1.0 mol/L的硫酸溶液中浸泡24 h,其质量损失率为2.1%。以制品的抗压强度为指标,研究了主要因素(提钾滤渣比例、固液质量比、硅酸钠含量和标准砂含量)对制品性能的影响。结果表明:干燥的提钾滤渣在粉体物料中的比例对制品的力学性能影响最大;硅酸钠水玻璃在液相中的比例约为70%,且标准砂占固相的比例为70%左右时,可制得力学性能良好的矿物聚合材料。矿物聚合材料的固结过程为:硅铝质原料在碱硅酸盐溶液中先分解为铝硅酸盐低聚体,低聚体再通过脱羟基聚合反应生成铝硅酸盐胶体相,进一步形成由[S iO4]4-和[A lO4]5-四面体相互连接的具有三维网络结构的矿物聚合材料基体相,从而赋予制品良好的力学性能。 相似文献
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碱选择性浸取高岭土制备中孔材料的性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高岭土煅烧至一定温度,与酸或碱进行反应,可选择性浸出其中的A l2O3或S iO2,制备多孔材料。研究大同煤系高岭土煅烧至1 000℃,用N aOH溶液进行选择性浸取得到多孔材料的性能。X射线衍射、透射电镜及吸附性能研究结果表明:经过选择性浸取后,高岭土中S iO2大部分被浸出,铝硅摩尔比从0.85提高至4.62,以-γA l2O3为主要成分,比表面积达到106.4 m2/g,平均孔径为3.647 nm。这种新材料在石油催化裂化、自律型调湿建材及制备莫来石材料等方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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通过在介孔氧化硅材料中原位聚合的方法制备了三苯基膦功能化的有机聚合物@介孔氧化硅复合材料PPh3polymer@FDU-12.采用X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附、透射电镜和热重等手段对其结构和组成进行了表征.该复合材料与金属前驱体Rh(acac)(CO)2配位后得到的固体催化剂,在长链烯烃1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应中,醛选择性可达92%–96%,并表现出高于聚合物的活性(>99%转化率).这主要归因于介孔氧化硅材料的高比表面积和有序的孔结构更有利于反应物和催化活性中心的接触.研究发现,调变复合材料中聚合物的含量或使用不同孔道结构的氧化硅载体(SBA-15,MCM-41和FDU-12)都会影响固体催化剂的反应活性和选择性.该方法得到的多相催化剂具有较好的循环使用性能,在循环使用15次后仍能保持较好的反应活性,但醛选择性有所降低. 相似文献
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以绿沸石、硅藻土、膨润土、牡蛎壳为主要原材料,包衣机制粒后马弗炉焙烧制成绿沸石-硅藻土(GZD)、绿沸石-膨润土(GZB)、绿沸石-牡蛎壳(GZO)等3款球状氨氮吸附材料。探究造孔剂-粘结剂配比、物料配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对污水中氨氮的吸附量和材料散失率的影响,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、氨氮去除率、材料散失率试验探讨其吸附机理。并设计了简易装置,用实际河道水样对比分析了3款复合材料与块状绿沸石原矿对氨氮的吸附效果和重复利用次数,对处理效果最佳的GZD中的主要材料绿沸石和硅藻土进行了SEM和XRF表征。结果表明:GZD的氨氮吸附效果最佳,制备条件为造孔剂、粘结剂、绿沸石、硅藻土的质量比为1.2﹕5﹕9﹕1;在500℃下焙烧3 h;GZD对氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学,用Freundlich等温线比Langmuir等温线更适合描述其吸附过程;GZD对实际河道水样进行5次吸附再生后仍具有明显效果。 相似文献
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粉煤灰是电厂煤粉高温燃烧后的固体废弃物,也是用于提取氧化铝和制备陶瓷、微晶玻璃、耐火材料等高附加值产品的潜在资源。粉煤灰中的杂质铁对制备上述制品的工艺选择和制品质量、性能均有重大影响。本文对内蒙古准格尔电厂高铝粉煤灰(CFB灰)进行了脱碳除铁的实验研究。实验表明,粉煤灰经900℃煅烧2 h,基本上可除去碳;除铁的优化工艺条件为:盐酸浓度20%,液固比5∶1,温度为80℃,搅拌时间为60 min,除铁率达80%以上。 相似文献
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利用金矿尾砂制备矿物聚合材料的实验研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
利用北京平谷金矿尾砂、变高岭石、NaOH、KOH和水玻璃制备了矿物聚合材料 ,正交实验结果表明 35℃时的优化条件为尾砂含量 80 %～ 82 5 %、固 /液比 4 3～ 4 7、水 /碱比为4～ 5 (均为质量比 ) ,升高温度、延长固化时间及室温放置时间均会使矿物聚合材料的抗压强度显著提高。将金矿尾砂制备成矿物聚合材料 ,可使部分CN-转化成无害的CO2 -3 和H2 ,其他则以夹持 (物理 )方式固定下来 ;当存在Fe2 +或Fe3+离子时 ,CN-以氰化铁的化学方式固定下来。该矿物聚合材料在 1mol/L的HCl溶液中浸泡 30d ,质量损失 5 6 % ,结构完好 ,表现出良好的抗酸性。在 6 0℃下固化 2 4h ,室温放置 6d后抗压强度为 2 2MPa ;在 6 0℃下固化72h ,抗压强度为 36 6MPa。该研究为金矿尾砂的利用提供了一条新途径。 相似文献
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硅灰石与盐酸快速反应规律及应用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
反应体系pH≤1．5时，硅灰石与盐酸快速反应，反应后体系中Si,Ca,Fe,Mg等元素在固液两相中化学状态及分布不同，当pH值为0．3－0．6时，液相中SiO2(硅溶胶）比例最大，Ca主要存在于液相中，但固相中总有少量Ca存在。快速反应固相比表面积较大，若反应前添加PEG，反应后中和到pH=4，可制备高比表面多孔SiO2，其比表面积＞430m^2/g，孔径1－2nm，该产物在合成以二氧化硅为基质的纳米复合材料及用作催化剂载体等方面有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Fly ash is a product arising from coal combustion in thermal power plants. It represents a major source of environmental pollution. It is well known by its chemical composition rich of SiO2 and Al2O3. With the aim of preserving the environment against this contamination, fly ash was used along with the starting materials for producing glass cordierite (2MgO, 2Al2O3, 5SiO2). Four formulations were developed by mixing the silica gel, magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) and fly ash in the percentages enclosing the stoichiometry of cordierite (2MgO, 2Al2O3, 5SiO2). Different experimental techniques (DTA/TGA, X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM) were used to characterise the prepared formulations. The results shown that for all formulations, a cordierite phase was obtained at 1200 °C along with several secondary phases such as mullite, cristobalite, silicon oxide, enstatite and spinel. At 1300 °C, pure indialite (α-cordierite) was obtained along with a small amount of spinel. The four formulations sintered at 1200 °C exhibit a homogenous morphology and high porosity. The acicular-shaped indialite grains were observed in both formulations with excess of alumina and excess of magnesia. 相似文献
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利用富钾岩石提钾后的废渣代替硅酸钠 (钾 )、大部分高岭石和氢氧化钠 (钾 ) ,以粉煤灰为主要原料 ,制备出矿物聚合材料 ,并采用正交实验确定其优化工艺条件为 :煅烧高岭石用量为 10 %～ 15 % ,废渣用量约 35 % ,氢氧化钠用量为 5 %～ 6 %。代表性样品的 7d抗压强度可达到 4 0～ 5 0MPa ,耐酸性、耐碱性分别为 99.99%和 10 0 % ,密度1.77～ 1.88g/cm3 ,收缩率 0 .13%～ 0 .2 8% ,导热系数 0 .4 8～ 0 .5 1W/m·K ,平均硬度 3.4 3。X射线粉末衍射分析表明 ,由铝硅酸盐聚合反应形成的基体相呈非晶态。扫描电镜分析絮凝状的基体相与粉煤灰玻璃体结合紧密 ,从而为制品具备良好的力学性能提供了结构基础。该矿物聚合材料成本低廉 ,同时又能利用粉煤灰等工业固体废物而达到改善环境的目的 相似文献
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Robert A. Zielinski 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1982,16(3):197-216
Uraniferous, fluorescent opal, which occurs in tuffaceous sedimentary rocks at Virgin Valley, Nevada, records the temperature and composition of uranium-rich solutions as well as the time of uranium-silica coprecipitation. Results are integrated with previous geologic and geochronologic data for the area to produce a model for uranium mobility that may be used to explore for uranium deposits in similar geologic settings.Uraniferous opal occurs as replacements of diatomite, or silicic air-fall ash layers in tuffaceous lakebeds of the Virgin Valley Formation (Miocene) of Merriam (1907). Fission-track radiography shows uranium to be homogeneously dispersed throughout the opal structure, suggesting coprecipitation of dissolved uranium and silica gel. Fluid inclusions preserved within opal replacements of diatomite have homogenization temperatures in the epithermal range and are of low salinity. Four samples of opal from one locality all have U-Pb apparent ages which suggest uraniferous opal precipitation in late Pliocene time. These ages correspond to a period of local, normal faulting, and highangle faults may have served as vertical conduits for transport of deep, thermalized ground water to shallower levels. Lateral migration of rising solutions occurred at intersections of faults with permeable strata. Silica and some uranium were dissolved from silica-rich host strata of 5–20 ppm original uranium content and reprecipitated as the solutions cooled. The model predicts that in similar geologic settings, ore-grade concentrations of uranium will occur in permeable strata that intersect high-angle faults and that contain uranium source rocks as well as efficient reductant traps for uranium. In the absence of sufficient quantities of reductant materials, uranium will be flushed from the system or will accumulate in low-grade disseminated hosts such as uraniferous opal. 相似文献
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P.V. Sivapullaiah J.P. Prashanth A. Sridharan B.V. Narayana 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1998,16(3):239-250
The use of fly ash in geotechnical engineering depends greatly on its pozzolanic reactivity. Though many factors influence the reactivity of fly ash it is well recognized that reactive silica and lime content play a major role. A new, accurate and reliable method for the determination of reactive silica content of fly ash has been established. The reactive silica content, obtained as acid soluble silica in about 2 to 3 N hydrochloric acid, is found to correlate well with unconfined compressive strength of fly ashes. The reactive silica content of fly ash is also important in the stabilization of soils using fly ash. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
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测定硅灰石制得多孔SiO2粉体粒径的分散剂选择研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考察了几种不同类型表面活性剂对一种气相白炭黑的分散效果。经比较研究发现：吐湿－80和六偏磷酸钠的分散效果较类似且较好，对此进行了讨论并选择六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂测试了由硅灰石制制得的多孔SiO2粉体的颗粒粒径。初步确定，该多孔SiO2粉体作为填料可用于反光塑料制品中。 相似文献
19.
Mohammad H. Gorakhki Christopher A. Bareither 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):27-47
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fly ash amendment on the compression behavior of mine tailings. Natural and synthetic (i.e., laboratory prepared) mine tailings were used to assess the effects of tailings composition and tailings solids content on compressibility. Three types of off-specification fly ashes and Type I–II Portland cement were used as cementitious binders. Tailings-fly ash mixtures were prepared at solids content of 60–75% (water content = 33–67%), water-to-binder ratios of 2.5 and 5, and were cured for 0.1 days (2 h), 7, and 28 days. Bi-linear compression curves on semi-log plots were observed in most of the binder-amended tailings specimens. The break in slope on the compression curve was identified as the breaking stress, whereupon cementitious bonds were broken. The breaking stress increased with an increase in fly ash content, which was attributed to a lower water-to-binder ratio and void volume-to-binder volume ratio that produced more effective particle bonding. Breaking stress also increased with an increase in CaO content and CaO-to-SiO2 ratio of fly ash, which resulted in more effective bonding between particles. The effect of curing time on the breaking stress of fly ash amended specimens was characterized by (1) an increase in breaking stress via increase in curing time and cementitious bond formation or (2) a constant breaking stress with curing time due to competing mechanisms during loading. Specimens cured under a vertical stress showed an increase in breakings stress with applied load water removal prior to cementitious bond formation that reduced the water-to-binder ratio and led to more effective cementation. 相似文献