共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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白鹤滩水电站右岸地下多洞室间相互施工扰动,使得母线洞等交叉洞室围岩的微震活动规律及破裂机制十分复杂。引进南非IMS微震监测系统,研究高地应力、多面临空卸荷应力环境下交叉洞室围岩的微震特性及破裂孕育机制。根据地下厂房区围岩岩性、错动带及断层分布,选取监测效果较佳的传感器并合理布置;通过定点敲击试验进行波速反演,分析震源定位的精度;以10#母线洞掉块案例为工程背景,分析爆破开挖诱发的交叉洞室岩体破裂微震事件与能量释放时空演化规律,并基于S波和P波的能量比（ES /EP）,归纳、总结了掉块发生过程中岩体破裂演化机制：大量张拉事件发生（爆破冲击诱发）→拉剪、压剪事件发生→张拉事件、剪切事件交替发生（集中应力和节理综合影响）→掉块发生（重力和节理综合作用）。研究结果有利于优化白鹤滩水电站右岸地下洞室群交叉部位的开挖方案,同时对类似工程的开挖和支护具有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
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针对地下工程岩体压碎和塑性变化两种损伤形式,本文以莫尔-库伦准则为岩体在爆破荷载作用下的破坏条件,提出了冲击波作用下岩体压碎圈范围的计算式,运用Von Mises屈服条件,计算了应力波作用下岩体塑性区范围。以KUBELA 420炸药为例,估算了重庆主城区常见砂岩在爆破过程中形成的压碎圈范围不超过1.7倍装药半径,应力波作用下岩体塑性区范围不超过25.06倍装药半径,其与数值模拟预测的结果较接近。 相似文献
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岩体裂纹的水力劈裂是岩体开裂渗漏甚至施工涌水的重要影响因素之一,也是岩土工程界的研究热点。从断裂力学角度分析了爆破开挖对岩体含水裂纹扩展的扰动作用,结果表明,爆破开挖扰动下,岩体含水裂纹的扩展,与爆炸应力波强度及其入射角、地应力的大小与方向、孔隙水压大小、裂纹的倾角及断裂韧度等因素相关;爆炸应力波的作用,相当于增大了岩体裂纹中的孔隙水压力,每1 cm/s的峰值振动速度相当于增大100 kPa的孔隙水压力,爆破振动速度越大,所产生的爆破扰动荷载越大;岩体开挖引起的岩体裂纹近区地应力及其孔隙水压力的变化,对裂纹的失稳与扩展具有较复杂的影响,可改变裂纹的失稳扩展模式。 相似文献
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由于弹性波逆时偏移更符合实际情况,而且转换波的成像结果有更高的分辨率,因此弹性波逆时偏移越来越受到重视。然而,弹性波逆时偏移需要多波多分量数据,为了减少成像结果中的串扰假象,在逆时偏移过程中进行P波和S波分解就变得非常必要。结合基于向量的激发振幅成像条件,我们把基于解耦传播的波场分解方法应用到弹性波逆时偏移中,并对比了其在各向同性介质和横向各向同性（VTI）介质中的应用效果。结果说明,该方法可以在各向同性介质中完全分解P波和S波,并保留波场的向量信息。虽然在VTI介质中有较小的分解残余,但是该分解残余不会在逆时偏移结果中产生明显的串扰;因此,这种波场分解方法可以应用于各向同性介质和VTI介质弹性波逆时偏移。该方法是在时间空间域实现的,可以在波场传播过程中直接对P波和S波进行分离,应用方便,计算效率高。与利用Helmholtz分解的弹性波逆时偏移相比,该方法避免了在PS波成像结果中的极性反转问题。在复杂Hess VTI模型的逆时偏移结果中,高速岩体和断层的成像清晰,甚至是两个低速薄夹层也能较好成像;这说明该方法对复杂介质具有较好的适应性。PS波成像结果中的各向异性体成像清晰,说明各向异性介质弹性波逆时偏移可以对传统逆时偏移不能很好成像的构造进行成像。 相似文献
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深埋洞室爆破开挖过程中围岩初始地应力的瞬态卸荷会诱发振动。针对圆形隧洞开挖,分析了地应力瞬态卸荷过程中围岩应变能、动能、径向应力做功3者之间的平衡机制,并采用量纲分析,建立了基于开挖岩体应变能的瞬态卸荷诱发振动衰减公式。结合锦屏二级引水隧洞和瀑布沟地下主厂房爆破开挖实例,开展了瞬态卸荷诱发振动的识别分离,并分析了诱发振动的衰减规律。研究表明：地应力瞬态卸荷诱发振动的峰值与被开挖岩体应变能密度的二次方根成正比,且开挖卸荷体积越大,诱发振动越强烈;与Lu-Hustrulid衰减公式相比,新衰减公式应用范围更广,使用精度更高。 相似文献
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不耦合装药爆破对硬岩应力场影响的数值分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
爆破地震勘探石油是一种重要的方法,但爆破地震效应与爆破参数、地质条件等密切相关。采用动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对柱状炸药与药孔壁之间为空气或其他介质以及空隙间距变化时碳酸盐岩岩石中爆炸应力波的传播规律和爆炸地震波能量的衰减特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到了不耦合装药爆炸时岩石应力、振动速度的衰减规律以及与不耦合系数、间隙介质的关系,分析了不耦合效应对爆炸地震波能量的影响。研究表明,不耦合或耦合不好时会使岩体中爆炸应力波的强度大大降低;耦合状态对岩体应力及速度的衰减系数和衰减指数影响较大;在空隙中注水或灌满泥浆会改善它们的耦合关系,增大下传的爆破能量。所得成果可为我国西南地区优选适合碳酸盐地层地震勘探的激发因素提供技术途径和方法。 相似文献
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爆破强震扰动影响下受软弱结构面控制型边坡易出现滑移破坏,其破坏机制研究是滑坡灾害防护的重要内容.利用波函数解析方法建立了应力波入射岩-结构面-岩模型,分析了爆破P波透反射规律与软弱结构面应力响应,结合自主研发的爆破应力波扰动结构面剪切强度仪得到了抗剪强度劣化规律,构建结构面动应力与扰动后抗剪强度量化关系,提出结构面内部剪切强度失效模型.研究表明:计算模型的P波在两个界面产生的透射系数均随着入射角增加而降低;振动台加载后软弱结构面的剪切强度存在明显的劣化,加载振幅为0.2 mm时,内聚力由68.75 kPa降低至9.69 kPa.结合建立的剪切强度失效模型与试验得到的剪切强度劣化规律,确定振幅在0.15 mm内时软弱结构面的安全性可以得到保证. 相似文献
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为分析采动地震波煤岩响应及其波场特性,构建顶板岩层和煤层2种传播介质接收采动地震波的多通道微震监测系统,研究2种介质采动地震波的传播和衰减特征。研究结果表明：顶板岩层接收到采动地震波的平均波速、加速度均高于煤层,2种介质中的地震波加速度均与爆破装药量成正相关,与传播距离、介质密度负相关。采动微地震波能量、信号时长随传播距离分别呈指数、线性衰减,近爆心处煤层传播微地震波能量、信号时长均高于顶板,超过一定距离后顶板高于煤层;采动微地震波传播距离有限,顶板的有效传播距离高于煤层,地震波有效传播距离与爆破装药量线性正相关。采动地震波低频部分的品质因子高于高频部分,顶板岩层的品质因子高于煤层。研究成果有助于地震波传播介质选取、检波器布设优化。 相似文献
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不耦合装药下爆炸应力波传播规律的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室外爆破试验,利用预埋研制的PVDF压力传感器对耦合及水不耦合延长药包装药爆破时爆炸应力波的中远场压力进行测量,拟合实测结果,得到4种不耦合系数下爆炸应力波峰值随传播距离衰减的指数关系式。分析试验结果可知： ①在试验所涉及的范围内,不耦合装药时爆破应力波峰值衰减幅度小于耦合装药（即K =1）时爆破应力波峰值衰减幅度,验证了水介质作为炸药爆轰产物与岩体间的弹性缓冲层作用,减少了粉碎孔壁岩体造成的能量耗散,增加了能量传递,加大了爆炸的作用范围;②当不耦合系数K = 3.29时,应力波峰值衰减指数表现出大于K =1.79及大于K =2.57时应力波峰值衰减指数的趋势,表明过大的不耦合系数造成了不耦合介质--水过多的能量耗散（在高温高压下水并不完全是弹性的）,削弱了不耦合装药爆破的优势;③在不耦合装药爆破中,存在最佳的不耦合系数,此时爆炸应力波峰值衰减最慢,爆炸能得到充分利用,达到最优的爆破效果。研究结果对不耦合装药爆破的设计及工程应用有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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扭转导波在锚固锚杆中传播的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用有限元数值模拟的方法研究了扭转导波在锚固锚杆中的传播性质。建立了自由锚杆和锚固锚杆的有限元模型,在锚杆顶端激发20～60 kHz扭转导波信号,计算得到导波在自由锚杆和锚杆锚固段的传播速度值与理论值吻合很好,证明了扭转导波数值模拟方法的有效性。数值模拟结果表明：随着激发波频率的增大,扭转导波在自由锚杆和锚杆锚固段中的衰减值均呈线性递增趋势,导波在锚杆锚固段上界面的反射回波逐渐减弱;扭转导波在锚杆锚固段的衰减值较大,无法在锚杆顶端采集到锚杆底端反射回波信号,所以扭转导波不适用于锚杆长度的检测;随着锚固介质弹性模量的增大,同一频率扭转导波在锚杆锚固段上界面的反射波逐渐增强。通过检测扭转导波在锚杆锚固段上界面的反射回波,可以确定锚固介质弹性模量的大小。 相似文献
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We delineate shallow structures of the Mozumi–Sukenobu fault, central Japan, using fault zone waves generated by near-surface explosions and detected by a seismometer array. Two explosive sources, S1 and S2, were placed at a distance of about 2 km from the array, and the other two, S3 and S4, were at a distance of about 4 km. Fault zone head waves and fault zone trapped waves following direct P wave arrivals were clearly identified in the seismograms recorded by a linear seismometer array deployed across the fault in a research tunnel at a depth of 300 m. Synthetic waveforms generated by a 3-D finite-difference (3-D FD) method were compared with observed fault zone waves up to 25 Hz. The best fitting model indicates a 200-m-wide low-velocity zone extending at least to shot site S1 located 2 km east of the seismic array with a 20% decrease in the P wave velocity relative to the wall rock. The width of the low-velocity zone is consistent with the fault zone defined by direct geological observation in the research tunnel. However, the low-velocity zone should disappear just to the east of the site S1 to explain the observed fault zone waves for shot S3 and S4 located 4 km east of the seismometer array. Yet the observation and the simulation show notable trapped wave excitation even though shots S3 and S4 are outside the fault zone. These results indicate that (1) the effective waveguide for seismic waves along the fault does not exist east of source site S1 although the surface traces of the fault are observed in this region, and (2) considerable trapped waves can be excited by sources well outside the fault zone. These results highlight the along-strike variability in fault zone structure. 相似文献
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Fr d ric Vanbrabant Enrique P. Chac n Luis A. Qui ones 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(1):21-35
During blasting operations in a competent rock mass without open joints or faults, the structure of the wave fields generated by the detonation of a cylindrical charge depends mainly on the relation between the velocity of detonation ( c d ) and the velocity of the P and S waves, c P and c S , respectively, in the medium. If c d is larger than c P , detonation is supersonic and Mach P and S waves appear. If c d is between c P and c S , detonation is transonic, and only an S Mach wave is generated. If c d is less than c S , subsonic detonation occurs. In this paper, we describe an experiment conducted at the Andina mine (Chile) in order to demonstrate the differences between the wave fields generated by supersonic and transonic detonation. We also present a simulation of the detonation of a cylindrical charge using the finite differences Itasca software FLAC3.4. In particular, we show how important it is to secure a good adjustment of the rheological behaviour of the medium, in our case, a strain softening elasto-plastic model. 相似文献
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In rock engineering, the damage criteria of the rock mass under dynamic loads are generally governed by the threshold values of wave amplitudes, such as the peak particle velocity and the peak particle acceleration. Therefore, the prediction of wave attenuation across fractured rock mass is important on assessing the stability and damage of rock mass under dynamic loads. This paper aims to investigate the applications of the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) for modeling wave propagation problems in rock mass. Parametric studies are carried out to obtain an insight into the influencing factors on the accuracy of wave propagations, in terms of the block size, the boundary condition and the incident wave frequency. The reflected and transmitted waves from the interface between two materials are also numerically simulated. To study the tensile failure induced by the reflected wave, the spalling phenomena are modeled under various loading frequencies. The numerical results show that the DDA is capable of modeling the wave propagation in jointed rock mass with a good accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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准确和形象地分析煤矿微地震波在不同介质中的传播规律,能够为煤矿主动地震勘探以及反演煤矿不同区域内部介质结构提供有效的理论依据。基于二维介质模型,以煤矿典型的煤、岩单一均匀介质模型、煤岩组合多层介质模型、含断层煤岩介质模型以及含水煤岩双相介质模型为例,利用高阶有限差分法对不同煤岩介质进行了波场模拟,分析不同介质的波场特征。研究结果表明,高阶有限差分法可以准确、形象地得到煤岩不同介质条件下的纵横波的波场特征;不同介质模型的波场特征各不相同,在多层煤岩介质中不同介质的分界面会发生纵横波的反射、透射和转换,产生透射波、透射转换波、反射波和反射转换波;在含断层煤岩介质中断层处不仅可以产生透射波、透射转换波、反射波和反射转换波,还可以发生绕射产生绕射波;在含水煤岩双相介质中不仅有快纵波和横波,也会产生慢纵波。不同时刻的波场快照可以进一步形象地描述波场动态特征,都为矿山微震波场分析打下了理论基础。 相似文献
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H. P. Rossmanith K. Uenishi 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2006,10(3):111-162
Spalling is a wave-induced dynamic fracture phenomenon. The waves can be either one: elastic, elasto-plastic, or shock waves. From a continuum mechanics point of view, fracture mechanics and wave propagation form the main ingredients in the formation of spalls. Recently, however, micro-structural effects have become important in the initial stages of spall formation in a variety of engineering materials ranging from metals to rock and concrete. From a structural geology point of view, the rock mass cannot be modelled as a continuum. In this case, a discontinuum approach has to be taken where the individual features of the rock mass such as joints and faults need to be taken into account. From an application point of view, spallation is important where rapid loading by explosives, impact, or energy deposition, occurs. The range of applications stretches from blasting in mining engineering to damage prevention to structures under explosive excitation.
This contribution offers a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach to the study of spalling with special attention to analytical and experimental work. The reader is assumed to be somewhat familiar with the basics of continuum mechanics, fracture mechanics, and propagation of elastic, plastic and shock waves. The application to rock and concrete will show the effects of structural geological discontinuities such as open and closed joints - and to some degree also faulting - in rock, as well as the micro-structure of concrete on the (shock) wave field.
Extensive use will be made of time-space diagrams which proved very useful in practical applications to blasting problems [Rossmanith, H.P., 2002, The use of Lagrange diagrams in precise initiation blasting. Part I: two interacting blastholes, Fragblast 6, 104-136]. 相似文献
This contribution offers a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach to the study of spalling with special attention to analytical and experimental work. The reader is assumed to be somewhat familiar with the basics of continuum mechanics, fracture mechanics, and propagation of elastic, plastic and shock waves. The application to rock and concrete will show the effects of structural geological discontinuities such as open and closed joints - and to some degree also faulting - in rock, as well as the micro-structure of concrete on the (shock) wave field.
Extensive use will be made of time-space diagrams which proved very useful in practical applications to blasting problems [Rossmanith, H.P., 2002, The use of Lagrange diagrams in precise initiation blasting. Part I: two interacting blastholes, Fragblast 6, 104-136]. 相似文献