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1.
西准噶尔巴音达拉地区发育一套酸性火山岩,被称为卡拉岗组,岩石组合以流纹岩、英安岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩等酸性火山岩为主。本文对卡拉岗组火山岩进行高精度锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得英安岩和流纹岩的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄分别为(294.4±1.3)Ma(n=9,MSWD=0.8)和(298.4±2.5)Ma(n=9,MSWD=3.4),其形成于早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,卡拉岗组火山岩岩具有高硅(66.69%~75.21%),富碱(Na2O+K2O:6.98%~8.35%),低MgO(0.18%~1.32%),贫钙(0.24%~2.49%)的特征,均属过铝质(A/CNK:1.14~1.33)及高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素数据显示,稀土总量为∑REE为83.82×10-6~197.61×10-6,(La/Yb)N=3.15~12.50,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素(LREE)较为富集,重稀土元素分布相对平坦,球粒陨石标准化配分模式为右倾型。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、U、K,并亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合最新区域资料及本文研究成果,文章认为研究区早二叠世卡拉岗组火山岩岩浆来源于壳源物质不同程度的部分熔融,残留相中有少量斜长石和角闪石,为后碰撞伸展阶段的产物。  相似文献   

2.
伸展盆地、拉张断层以及伴生火山岩是华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄的地质响应,前两者通常源于中上地壳伸展活动,而后者则可能来自下地壳甚至地幔部分熔融。因此火山岩能够提供来自深部地壳、地幔及壳-幔相互作用的信息。胶莱盆地马山粗面英安岩成因及其与华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的关系仍存在争议。本文对马山粗面英安岩开展岩石学、全岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学以及Lu-Hf同位素研究,查明其SiO2含量为65.73%~66.08%,K2O含量为3.13%~4.03%,全碱含量为7.56%~8.15%,属于高钾钙碱性系列。锆石206Pb/238U年龄为119.3±1.6Ma,与胶莱盆地早白垩世伸展变形时间一致。εHft)值为-24.6~-11.5,两阶段Hf模式年龄为2700~1200Ma,表明岩浆源区为改造的古老下地壳并混有富集地幔物质。岩石相对富集K和Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素,LREE/HREE比值较高,无明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.94~1.02),表明岩浆可能源于下地壳的部分熔融,因此,马山粗面英安岩可能是富集地幔与部分熔融的下地壳相互混染的产物。研究认为早白垩世高角度俯冲的古太平洋板片大规模回撤,胶莱盆地快速伸展断陷伴随青山群火山岩喷发,随后演化形成张性火山盆地。  相似文献   

3.
高黎贡构造带西北缘早白垩世火山岩的厘定将为揭示腾冲与保山地块之间的关系补充强有力的证据。本文通过对构造带内高家寨和濮家寨一带的流纹岩进行岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素地质学等方面的研究,并结合前人对同时代侵入岩的研究成果,分析其形成的构造背景。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明高家寨和濮家寨流纹岩的形成时代相同,分别为122±2.2Ma和121±1.9Ma。岩石学和地球化学分析结果说明高家寨和濮家寨流纹岩都属于科迪勒拉型、镁质、弱过铝质-过铝质高钾钙碱性岩类,具有轻稀土富集、分馏程度高、重稀土相对亏损、Eu中度亏损及大离子亲石元素相对原始地幔强烈富集,高场强元素(HSFE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti及Sr强烈负异常的特点;流纹岩的Mg#值较高,在SiO2-Mg#图解上分布于壳源物质部分熔融区上方;锆石εHft)值变化范围大(-9.6~-2.6)和tDMC值高(1189~1572Ma);在构造环境判别图解上所有样品落在大陆边缘弧区;流纹岩斑晶中普遍存在黑云母。这些特征与高黎贡构造带早白垩世岩浆岩带内壳幔混源的中酸性侵入岩一致,说明其岩浆主要来源于壳源物质的部分熔融,同时有少量幔源岩浆的混入,是怒江洋壳向腾冲地块下俯冲的结果。  相似文献   

4.
为解释南冈底斯晚白垩世埃达克质岩石成因及其地球动力学机制,本文对西藏扎囊县札佐地区二长花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学分析。札佐二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年为80.43±0.62 Ma,其SiO2为66.19%~66.84%,Al2O3为15.17%~15.48%,MgO为1.67%~1.91%,Mg#为47.4~51.5,K2O为3.86%~4.09%,A/CNK=0.91~1.01,属准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石。岩石轻稀土富集明显,高Sr(492×10-6~670.2×10-6),低Y(8.27×10-6~14.99×10-6),Yb(1.07×10-6~1.79×10-6),高Sr/Y(35.0~81.0),高La/Yb(17.4~21.4),弱负Eu异常,具埃达克岩地球化学特征。相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土。锆石εHft)值为10.5~14.1,单阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM1)为184.8~326.1 Ma,平均为203.4 Ma,二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为247.2~476.0 Ma,平均为287.1 Ma,略大于侵位年龄,指示岩浆物质来源于俯冲洋壳,并可能卷入俯冲沉积物。岩石中地幔组分印记Mg#值和相容元素Ni、Cr含量较高,表明熔体在上升过程中与上覆地幔楔发生反应。研究分析表明,在新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲作用下,高温热流透过板片窗导致洋壳(及俯冲沉积物)部分熔融形成札佐埃达克质二长花岗岩。同时表明,在80 Ma左右,新特提斯洋仍处于洋脊俯冲阶段。  相似文献   

5.
阿尔金索尔库里北山彩虹沟塔什达坂群卓阿布拉克组流纹岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄为920±20Ma (MSWD=1.50),代表流纹岩的喷出时间。岩石的SiO2介于68.33%~70.60%,K2O>Na2O,K2O/Na2O平均值6.42,属弱过铝质(ACNK平均为1.25)钙碱性系列(σ平均为2.76),为一套典型的壳源流纹岩岩石系列。稀土元素含量高(平均为211.3×10-6),轻稀土富集(L/H平均为6.57),Eu亏损中等(δEu平均为0.30)。微量元素以富集Rb、Th、K、Zr,而相对亏损Ba、Sr、Eu、Ti、Nb、Ta为特征。岩石微量及稀土元素具有典型的板内火山岩特征,而岩石显著的低Sr特征(25.0×10-6~65.3×10-6,平均值为36.8×10-6))表明其并非源自加厚的地壳,而是起源于斜长石稳定的正常地壳。阿尔金流纹岩是由进入上地壳高位岩浆房的拉斑玄武岩浆的底侵作用直接使上地壳部分熔融,形成酸性火山岩的原始岩浆。该岩浆体系沿区域断裂构造体系上升,并经历了较强的结晶分异和演化,最终形成阿尔金索尔库里北山流纹岩系列。  相似文献   

6.
郑世帅  徐夕生 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3712-3734
破火山内出露的火山岩与浅成侵入岩为硅质岩浆演化研究提供了一个重要窗口,从而备受关注。小雄破火山内的火山-侵入杂岩是中国东南沿海晚白垩世岩浆活动的典型代表,包括小雄组火山岩(K2x)与两类侵入岩(花岗斑岩、正长斑岩)。本文以小雄火山-侵入杂岩为研究对象,开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究,旨在深入探讨破火山内火山岩与侵入岩之间的成因联系和岩浆演化过程。系统的LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,小雄组火山岩形成于98~88Ma,并具有多期次喷发的特点,可分为下段、中段和上段,年龄分别为98~96Ma(K2x1)、95~92Ma(K2x2)、~ 88Ma(K2x3)。小雄花岗斑岩形成年龄为90Ma;正长斑岩形成稍晚,约88Ma。与下段流纹质玻屑凝灰岩的Nd-Hf同位素组成[εNdt)=-8.3~-7.2, εHft)=-11.8~-7.2]相比,中段流纹岩要更为亏损[εNdt)=-5.84~-5.32, εHft)=-10.1~-0.5]。研究表明,小雄组流纹质火山岩的母岩浆可能起源于发生在深部岩浆房中渐进的壳幔相互作用,中段流纹岩的源区混入了更多的亏损幔源组分。中段流纹岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的Nd-Hf同位素组成,以及 "互补"的微量元素地球化学特征,由发生在浅部岩浆房的分离结晶作用和堆晶作用所制约。值得注意的是,正长斑岩与花岗斑岩并不存在直接的成因演化关系,两者应是不同的起源。不同的正长斑岩岩株具有高度一致的结晶年龄、微量元素特征以及Nd-Hf同位素组成,以上特征均表明小雄破火山内的正长斑岩具有相同的起源。正长斑岩母岩浆起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,岩浆源区混入了来自亏损的软流圈地幔组分,其地球化学成分变化主要受"普通辉石+磷灰石+钛铁矿"的分离结晶所控制。  相似文献   

7.
周红升  马昌前  陈玲 《岩石学报》2009,25(5):1079-1091
出露于大别造山带西南部的研子岗碱性杂岩体侵位于元古代和新太古代随县群中,本文采用锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年方法,获得岩体的主体岩性角闪正长岩的岩浆锆石年龄为133± 1Ma,代表岩体的结晶年龄,这一年龄也是大别造山带中已知形成时代最早的早白垩世碱性岩体的结晶年龄(单颗粒锆石U-Pb法)。研子岗碱性杂岩体具有碱性岩典型的富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.38%~11.26%)、低硅(SiO2=63.41%~66.51%)的特点。主要矿物为微斜条纹长石,暗色矿物主要为镁角闪石。地球化学特征表明,全部岩石均具有高Ba-Sr花岗岩类高Ba(1230× 10-6~4865× 10-6)、高Sr(583× 10-6~2088× 10-6)和无负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.97~1.12)等特征,并具有A型花岗岩的部分地球化学特征。岩石的Y/Nb比(0.46~1.09)较低,具洋岛玄武岩的部分地球化学特征,(87Sr/86Sr) i初始比值(0.70513~0.70543)较低,表明岩体的物源主要来源于幔源。Nd二阶段模式年龄(t2DM=1859~1942Ma)和锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=2130~2330Ma)较老,εNd(133)值(-12.5~-11.4)和εHf(133)值(-18.2~-15.4)较低。综合分析表明,岩体主要为古老的富集岩石圈地幔物质低程度部分熔融和随后地壳物质轻度AFC(混染和分离结晶作用)过程的产物,源岩熔融的热量主要来源于软流圈物质的上涌底侵作用提供。研子岗岩体形成于碰撞后构造环境,岩体的形成预示着大别造山带早白垩世造山过程的即将结束,板内时期的即将来临。  相似文献   

8.
陈石  张元元  郭召杰 《岩石学报》2009,25(3):527-538
新疆三塘湖盆地广泛出露哈尔加乌组地层,主要为陆相中性喷发岩夹火山碎屑岩。火山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为319.6±9.8Ma(MSWD=4.8)。地球化学分析表明,哈尔加乌组火山岩高钾富碱,属于高钾钙碱性系列;LREE强烈富集、大离子亲石元素(LILE)强烈富集、大多数高场强元素(HFSE)明显高于MORB,没有Ti的负异常和P的正异常,Nb、Ta负异常明显,基本没有Eu、Ce的异常,Ti/Y(467~494)、Nb/Y(0.41~0.43)值高。判别图解投入板内火山岩和岛弧火山岩区域,整体显示板内火山岩的特征又携带岛弧火山岩的地球化学痕迹。εNd (t)值(+5.90~+6.31)为正值、Mg#较高(0.54~0.57),显示与亏损地幔相关的源区特点,(87Sr/86Sr) i值(0.70397~0.70464)相对于亏损地幔高、La/Nb(3.12~3.39)、Nb/U(5.86~9.80)比值显示源区有陆壳组分的参与。综合区域地质特征和前人研究资料表明,三塘湖盆地哈尔加乌组火山岩是碰撞造山中增厚的岩石圈根部拆沉作用致使软流圈地幔上涌底侵,致使早期的陆壳组分和弧组分部分熔融而形成的火山喷发,形成于后碰撞伸展转换背景。  相似文献   

9.
新疆塔里木盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区的中寒武统莫合尔山组沉积地层中发现三条形成于二叠纪末到中三叠世的基性岩床。三条岩床沿沉积岩层面顺层侵入,按照从下到上的顺序,分别为辉绿岩床(厚3m)、辉长岩床(厚20m)和粗玄岩床(厚2.5m)。三条岩床的地球化学特征相似,稀土含量高(∑REE=210×10-6~297×10-6),轻稀土元素富集((La/Yb)N =13.54~17.96),Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.97~1.21),Ce稍具正异常(δCe=1.11~1.25)。大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、Sr)富集,Sr具明显正异常; Ta、Nb和Hf具负异常。低氧化度(0.13~0.40)。三条岩床为同源岩浆活动的产物,岩浆源于上地幔或下地壳,但有下陆壳成分混染。三个样品的MgO含量在4%~6%之间,Mg#值在37.6~55.6之间,固结指数SI值位于18.7~29.3之间,反映原始的岩浆经历了比较明显的分异作用。粗玄岩床K-Ar年龄为255.2±7.3Ma,辉绿岩床K-Ar年龄为242.8±5.7Ma,辉长岩床Ar-Ar年龄为229.7±3.7Ma。本次岩浆侵入事件发生在南天山洋闭合之后,构造背景为造山后碰撞伸展环境。  相似文献   

10.
敦煌三危山地区白垩纪OIB型基性岩墙的特征及地质意义   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
本文首次报道甘肃敦煌三危山地区早白垩世玄武质岩浆活动的记录。在三危山附近,基性岩墙侵入于敦煌群TTG和表壳岩大理岩和片岩中。全岩的K-Ar年龄为136.00±11.56Ma到99.11±6.35Ma,形成时代属于早白垩世。基性岩墙SiO2含量变化范围较小,集中在47.95%~50.65%之间,以富TiO2 (2.07%~2.35%,平均为2.21%)、MgO(6.03 %~6.51%,平均为6.32%)、贫K2O(<1.29%),Na2O>K2O, Mg#值中等且比较稳定(48.9~53.1,平均为51.7)为特征。基性岩相容元素含量相对较低,Ni含量变化相对较小,分布在112.7×10-6~182.7×10-6之间。而V含量变化较大,介于184×10-6~267×10-6之间,表明岩浆早期可能发生了一定的以橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用。基性岩富集LREE((La/Yb)N =3.97~4.66)和LILE,无Eu负异常,较高的Fe/Mn比值等,具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的特征。微量元素比值等特征表明其来源与富集地幔关系密切,玄武质岩浆的形成可能与岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的上涌有关。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

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